Lecture Exam 4 Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
common names of echinoderms
A
sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucombers, brittle stars
2
Q
what phylum are vertebrates a part of
A
Chordata
3
Q
are echinoderms and chordates deuterostomes or protostomes
A
deuterostomes
4
Q
where do echinoderms live
A
marine
5
Q
first characteristic of echinoderms
A
3 part (tripartite) coelom
6
Q
what kind of coelom do echinoderms have
A
tripartite
7
Q
second characteristic of echinoderms
A
unique water vascular system
8
Q
water vascular system
A
a network of canals branching into tube feet that function in locomotion and feeding
9
Q
third characteristic of echinoderms
A
all members have a calcareous endoskeleton
10
Q
what kind of skeleton do echinoderms have
A
calcareous endoskeleton
11
Q
fourth characteristic of echinoderms
A
spiny endoskeleton
12
Q
characteristics of echinoderm endoskeleton
A
consists of plates or ossicles covered by the epidermis
13
Q
fifth characteristic of echinoderms
A
possess pedicellariae and dermal branchia
14
Q
sixth characteristic of echinoderms
A
bilateral larva, undergo metamorphosis into radial symmetry in adults
15
Q
seventh characteristic of echinoderms
A
nervous system with no brain or sensory organs
16
Q
eighth characteristic of echinoderms
A
triploblastic
17
Q
ninth characteristic of echinoderms
A
complete digestive system
18
Q
tenth characteristic of echinoderms
A
regenerate lost parts
19
Q
eleventh characteristic of echinoderms
A
excretory organs absen
20
Q
twelfth characteristic of echinoderms
A
separte sexes, external fertilization, larval stage with metamorphosis
21
Q
5 classes of echinodermata
A
-Asteroidea
-Ophiuroidea
-Echinodea
-Holothuridea
22
Q
external features of Asteroidea
A
-central disc with 5 arms extending
-mouth is on the underside
-oral and aboral surface
-ambulacrum runs from the mouth to the tip of each arm
-ambulacral groove bordered by rows of tube feet
-radil nerve located in center of each ambulacral groove
-under the nerve is an extension of the coelom and the radial canal of the water vascular system
23
Q
where does the water vascular system open to the outside
A
madreporite
24
Q
where does madreporite lead to
A
stone canal
25
where does stone canal lead to
ring canal
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where does ring canal lead to
radial canals
27
what is the inner end of each tube foot called
ampulla
-within coelom
28
ampulla purpose
contract fo`rcing fluid into and extending the podium
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Asteroidea nervous system
-oral system of a nerve ring and radial nerves coordinate the tube feet
-sense organs include an eyespot at the tip of each arm
30
Asteroidea reproduction, regeneration, and autonomy
-dioecious
-external fertilizatio
-regenerate lost parts
-larval stage
31
regenerate lost parts
-cast off injured arms and regenerate new ones
-arm can regenerate a new sea star is 1/5 of central disc is present
32
larval stage of Asteroidea
-free-swimming larva
-bilateral bipinnaria
-larvs grows 3 adhesive arms and a sucker at the anterior (brachiolaria)
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metamorphosis of Asteroidea
-brachiolaria attaches to substrate and undergoes metamorphosis into a radial juvenile
-arms and tube feet appear, animal detaches from stalk and becomes a young sea star
34
characteristics of class Ophiuroidea
-5 movable plates act as jaws and surround mouth
-no anus
-visceral organs are in the central disc (arms too slender to accommodate them)
-stomach sac-like
-no intestine
35
Class Echinoidea characteristics
-sea urchins and sand dollars
-sea urchins lack arms but their tests show 5 part symmetry
36
Class Holothuroidea characteristics
-no spines, reduced endoskeleton, body wall leathery
-cephalization absent
-secondary bilaterality present
-5 rows of tube feet
-oral tentacles are 10-30 tube feet surrounding the mouth
-eject their stomachs for defense
37
do sea cucumbers have cephalization
no
38
main charactristics of phylum Chordata
-dorsal, tubular nerve cord
-notochord
-pharyngeal slits
-endostyle
-post anal tail
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notochord
-always found at some embryonic stage in chordates
-first part of the endoskeleton to appear in the embryo
-muscles attach to notochord
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dorsal tubular nerve cord
-single, tubular cord is dorsal to digestive track
-anterior end enlarges to form brain
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pharyngeal pouches
-lead from pharyngeal cavity to outside
-envagination of endoderm of pharynx
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endostyle
-recent, new chordate characteristic
-found in all chordates
-secrete iodinated proteins homologous with the iodinated-hormone secreting thyroid gland of adult lampreys and other vertebrates
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post anal tail
-motility to swim
-efficiency increased in fishes but became smaller in later lineages
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Chordata subphylums
-Urochordata
-Cephalochordata
-Vertebrata
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where is the incurrent siphon located on Urochordata
ventral side
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Urochordata common name
sea squirts
47
where is the excurrent siphon located on Urochordata
dorsal side
48
sea squirt feeding
mucous net is secreted by endostyle
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sea squirt reproduction
-hermaphroditic
-fertilization external through excurrent siphon
50
sea squirt larval characteristic
-tadpole larva
-does not feed, but swims for several hours before attaching and metamorphosises into a sessile adult
51
Subphylum Cephalochordata common name
lancelets (amphioxus)
52
lancelet characteristics
-slender, laterally flattened, translucent
-live in sandy bottoms of coastal water
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lancelet feeding characteristics
-water enters mouth driven by cilia in the buccal cavity and pharynx
-water passes through pharyngeal slits where food is trapped in mucous secreted by endostyle
-food moves through intestine
53
lancelet feeding characteristics
-water enters mouth driven by cilia in the buccal cavity and pharynx
-water passes through pharyngeal slits where food is trapped in mucous secreted by endostyle
-food moves through intestine
54
lancelet reproduction
-dioecious
-gametes released through atriopon
-external fertilization
-larvae hatch and assume adult shape
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subphylum Vertebrata main characteristic
have a backbone and cranium
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first characteristic of vertebrates
bony or cartilaginous vertebrate around spinal cord
-endoskeleton composed initially of cartilage and later bone
-protected with keratinized structures derived from epidermis
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second characteristic of vertebrates
bony or cartilaginous cranium surrounding a 3-part brain
-forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
-paired special sense organs for vision, equilibrium, and sound
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third mcharacteristic of vertebrates
neural crest
-bilateral bands of cells that form the neural tube
-neural crest cells migrate to distant sites in the embryo
-develop into unique vertebrate structures
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fourth characteristic of vertebrates
ventral 3 chambered heart
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fifth characteristic of vertebrates
paired, glomorular kidneys
-digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and excretory systems modified to meet increased metabolic demand
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3 Vertebrata superclasses
-Agnatha
-Gnathostomata
-Tetrapoda
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characteristics of superclass Agnatha
-jawless vertebrate
-no paired appendages
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characteristic of superclass Gnathostomata
jawed vertebrate with paired appendages
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characteristic of superclass Tetrapoda
4 legs
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superclass Agnatha classes
-Myxini
-Petromyzontid
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class Myxini common name
hagfish
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class Petromyzontida common name
lamprey
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hagfish habitat
marine
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how many gills do hagfish have
5-17 pairs
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hagfish feeding
scavengers and predators of annelids, molluscs, dead or dying fish
-nearly blind and locate food with an acute sense of smell and touch
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hagfishm defense
special glands along body secrete slime to repel predators
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hagfish reproduction
-females produce small numbers of large, yolky eggs 2-7 centimeters in diameter
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how many gills do lampreys have
7 pairs
74
lamprey reproduction and development
-ascend freshwater streams to breed
-males build nest by lifting stones with oral discs
-as eggs are shed into nest, the male fertilizes them
-adults die soon after spawning
-eggs hatch in two weeks into ammoceotes larvae
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lamprey feeding
-parasitic
-attach to fish with sucker-like mouth
-sharp teeth rasp through flesh as they suck fluids
-inject anticoagulant into a wound
76
Gnathostomata classes
-Chondrichthyes
-Osteichthyes
77
characteristics of Chondricthyes
-cartilaginous skeleton
-heterocercl tail, paired pectoral and pelvic fins
-skin with placoid scales
-jaws with polyphydontyteeth
-intestines with spiral valve
-5-7 pairs of gills, no swim bladder or lungs
-sexes well developed
78
modern amphibians habitat
terrestrial, but remain tied to water
79
amphibian reproduction
-eggs deposited in water to be kept moist
-larvae depend on gills for respiration
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amphibian development
Paedomorphosis:
-descendants retain larval features such as gills, aquatic lifestyle as adults (salamanders)
81
ectotherms
body temperature depends on environment and restricts where they live
82
Sauropsida common name
reptiles and birds
83
Sauropsida characteristics
-amniotic egg
-rib ventilation of the lung
-thicker and more waterproof skin
-stronger jaws
84
Sauropsida amniotic egg
4 extraembryonic membranes
85
Sauropsida skin
-thicker
-more waterproof
-variety of keratinized structures such as scales, hair, feathers, claws
86
why are sauropod jaws stronger
made of multiple bones
87
Sauropsida subclasses
-Euroreptilia
-Aves
88
Europtilia common name
reptiles
89
Europtilia characteristics
-ectothermic
-amniotic egg
-scales on epidermis
-3 chambered heart
-no external ears
90
Aves common nme
birds
91
Aves characteristics
-feathers (modified scales)
-wings
-beak (no teeth)
-hard (calcium) shelled eggs
-hollow bones for flight
92
class Synapsida common name
mammals
93
class Synapsida characteristics
-hair or fur
-3 inner ear bones
-mammary glands to feed their young with milk
-dihydont teeth
-4 chambered heart
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class Synapsida subclasses
-Prototheria
-Metatheria
-Eutheria
