Protistans

Question 1

four phyla of animal protists

Answer 1

Phylum Euglenozoa, Phylum Apicomplexa, Phylum Ciliophora, Phylum Amoebozoa

Question 2

protist’s level of organization

Answer 2

unicellular

Question 3

what do organelles function as

Answer 3

skeletons, locomotion systems, sensory systems, defense mechanisms, contractile systems

Question 4

where are protists found

Answer 4

-fresh, marine, and brackish water
-moist soils worldwide

Question 5

how do protists eat

Answer 5

either primarily autotrophic or primarily heterotrophic

Question 6

protist reproduction

Answer 6

all protists can reproduce asexually, but only a few can reproduce sexually

Question 7

Euglena phylum

Answer 7

Euglenozoa

Question 8

what supergroup do euglenoids make up

Answer 8

Excravata

Question 9

do euglenoids reproduce sexually or asexually?

Answer 9

asexually by binary fission

Question 10

are euglenoids heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Answer 10

some heterotrophic, some parasitic, some autotrophic

Question 11

characteristics of Excravata

Answer 11

-“excavated” feeding groove running along one side of the cell body
-unicellular
-motile
-flagellates
-reproduce asexually by binary fission
-some heterotrophic, some parasytic, some photosynthetic

Question 12

special characteristics of Euglena

Answer 12

-anterior pocket with 1-2 flagella extending from the anterior end
-stigma near the base o the flagellum
-large nucleus and large chloroplasts

Question 13

Trypanosoma phylum

Answer 13

Euglenozoa

Question 14

kinetoplast

Answer 14

a mass of mitochondrial DNA lying close to the nucleus

Question 15

Trypanosoma organelles

Answer 15

single large mitochondrion, single flagellum (forms undulating membrane), kinetoplast

Question 16

Trypanosoma characteristics

Answer 16

-single large mitochondrion containing kinetoplast
-human pathogens
-single flagellum which forms the undulating membrane
-flagellum begins at the kinetosome (next to the kinetoplast)

Question 17

is the Trypanosoma a heterotroph or autotroph?

Answer 17

heterotroph

Question 18

is Trypanosoma larger or smaller than a human red blood cell?

Answer 18

smaller

Question 19

does Trypanosoma posess chloroplasts?

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

Plasmodium phylum

Answer 20

Apicomplexa

Question 21

Apicomplexa characteristics

Answer 21

-unicellular parasites
-have an apical complex of organelles that they use to penetrate the host’s cell

Question 22

is the Plasmodium a heterotroph or autotroph?

Answer 22

heterotroph

Question 23

who is the Plasmodium’s intermediate host?

Answer 23

mosquito

Question 24

who is the Plasmodium’s final host?

Answer 24

humans

Question 25

what diseases can Plasmodium cause?

Answer 25

malaria

Question 26

Paramecium phylum

Answer 26

Ciliophora

Question 27

what are cilia used for in ciliates?

Answer 27

locomotion and feeding

Question 28

where do ciliates live?

Answer 28

freshwater

Question 29

what types of nuclei do ciliates have?

Answer 29

micronuclei and macronuclei

Question 30

are ciliates heterotrophs or autotrophs?

Answer 30

heterotrophs

Question 31

ciliates characteristics

Answer 31

-unicellular heterotrophs -use cilia for locomotion and feeding -two types of nuclei: micronuclei and macronuclei -live in freshwater

Question 32

how do ciliates reproduce?

Answer 32

conjunction

Question 33

are Parameciums heterotrophs or autotrophs?

Answer 33

heterotrophs

Question 34

What is the function of binary fission?

Answer 34

asexual reproduction

Question 35

what is the function of conjunction?

Answer 35

greater genetic diversity

Question 36

Vorticella phylum

Answer 36

Ciliophora

Question 37

Vorticella

Answer 37

-solitary sessile, stalked ciliate found in stagnate freshwater ponds -remains attached to aquatic vegetation by an contractile stalk -possesses a funnel-shaped cell body with a ring of cilia around the peristome

Question 38

what does a contractile stalk do

Answer 38

attaches Vorticella to aquatic vegetation

Question 39

how does Vorticella eat

Answer 39

cilia beat rapidly to create a water current that pulls food through the peristome, into the cytosome, which passes the food into the buccal cavity for digestion

Question 40

Stentor phylum

Answer 40

Ciliophora

Question 41

Stentor characteristics

Answer 41

-similar to Vorticella -macronuclei are stretched out like a string of beads

Question 42

Amoeba phylum

Answer 42

Amoebozoa

Question 43

where do amoebas live

Answer 43

freshwater ponds and slow-moving streams

Question 44

pseudopodia

Answer 44

cytoplasmic extensions used for feeding and locomotion in an amoeba

Question 45

how do amoebas reproduce

Answer 45

binary fission

Question 46

Foraminiferan phylum

Answer 46

Amoebozoa

Question 47

what is a Foraminiferan

Answer 47

marine amoeba that secretes a calcarous test

Question 48

test

Answer 48

protective shell built by amoebas

Question 49

what is a radiolarian

Answer 49

marine amoebas that produce a silica test

Question 50

similarities between Foraminiferans and Radiolarians

Answer 50

both have pseudopodia that extend through tiny pores in the test -when they die, tests drop to the bottom of the ocean and fossilize in limestone and chalk beds