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Ophthalmology > Lecture II > Flashcards

Lecture II Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

True or false: IBD can affect the eye

A

True

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2
Q

What is retinitis pigmentosum?

A

Genetic (or acquired) disease of the rods of the eye that causes them to degenerate slowly over time, with peripheral vision usually being lost first

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3
Q

What are the three major ROS facts that should be obtained with the eye?”

A
  • Disturbances of vision
  • Pain or discomfort of the eye
  • Abnormal eye secretions
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4
Q

What is amaurosis?

A

partial or total blindness without visible change in the eye, typically due to disease of the optic nerve, spinal cord, or brain.

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5
Q

What is Amaurosis Fugax?

A

a temporary loss of vision in one eye caused by ischemia to the retina. It may also be caused by embolization from atherosclerotic plaques in the ipsilateral internal carotid artery.

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6
Q

Floaters and photopsia = ?

A

Retinal detatchment

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7
Q

What is photopsia?

A

Flashes of light

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8
Q

What is diplopia?

A

Double vision

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9
Q

What is epiphora?

A

Overflow tearing

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10
Q

What etiologies do the following secretions usually indicated with the eye:

  • Purulent
  • Mucous
  • Serous
A 
Purulent = bacterial
Mucous = allergic
Serous = viral
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11
Q

What is iritis?

A

(anterior uveitis) Inflammation of the anterior chamber and the iris

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12
Q

You should always check the visual acuity of patients except for one instance. What is it?

A

Chemical burns–irrigate the eye immediately

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13
Q

What is the best way to check for visual acuity– the (best/worst) (Corrected/uncorrected) (monocular/binocular)

A

Best corrected monocular vision

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14
Q

What is the order of vision checks you should do if a patient cannot read the top letter/number on an eye chart?

A

Visual fields
Hand motion
Light perception

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15
Q

What is cortical blindness?

A

brain is affected so there is no processing of visual information, but reflexes are intact

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16
Q

What is a scotoma?

A

Blind spot

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17
Q

What is a hemianopia?

A

Loss of 1/2 VF

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18
Q

What is homonymous?

A

Either right or left VF

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19
Q

What are scintillating scotomas?

A

Jagged lines that appear often with migraine HAs are are not usually accompanied by visual loss

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20
Q

What are the eyebrow findings with hypothyroidism?

A

Thinning

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21
Q

What does the swinging flashlight test assess for?

Study These Flashcards
A

Afferent reflex

22
Q

What are the characteristics that should be obtained when inspecting the eye, instead of using PERRLA?

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A 
Size
Equal
Round
Central
Reactive
23
Q

What is anisocoria?

Study These Flashcards
A

Difference in the size of pupils

24
Q

How do you perform the swinging light test? What does this assess for?

Study These Flashcards
A

Swing light between eyes in a dark room–tests for afferent response of each pupil

25
What happens to the pupils when changing from far to near vision?
Constriction
26
When is checking EOMs particularly important?
If there is a complaint of diplopia
27
From superior to inferior, which muscle is being assessed at each of the three cardinal direction of gaze on the temporal side?
SR LR IR
28
From superior to inferior, which muscle is being assessed at each of the three cardinal direction of gaze on the Nasal side?
IO MR SO
29
Damage to CN III results in what ophthalmologic defects?
Eye looks down and out; ptosis, pupillary dilation, and loss of accommodation
30
Damage to CN IV results in what defects?
Eye moves upward, particularly with contralateral gaze and head tilt toward the side of the lesion
31
Damage to CN VI results in what defects?
Medially directed eye that cannot abduct
32
What is the CN that innervated the sensation to the eye?
CN V
33
What is arcus corneae?
a white, grey, or blue opaque ring in the corneal margin (peripheral corneal opacity), or white ring in front of the periphery of the iris May be a sign of hypercholesterolemia
34
What are the two major, general causes of lens subluxation?
trauma | Systemic
35
What is the classic CT disorder that leads to lens subluxation?
Marfan's syndrome
36
How do you communicate lesions in the retina? (location, size)
Clock position relative to the optic disc Size relative to the disc diameter
37
What causes AV nicking?
Increased pressure in the arteries compresses the veins
38
What are scleral crescents?
lighter area in the optic disc--normal variant
39
What are pigmented crescents?
Pigmentation around the optic disc--normal variant
40
What is papilledema?
Optic disc swelling (usually bilateral) d/t increased ICP Causes an enlarged blind spot and elevated optic disc with blurred margins on fundoscopic exam
41
True or false: disc edema = papilledema
false--papilledema is 2/2 increased ICP
42
How do preretinal hemorrhages appear on fundoscopic exam?
Like an air-fluid level on CT (kinda)
43
How, roughly, do you distinguish between cotton wool spots and hard exudates?
Cotton wool spots are softer than hard exudates
44
What is the normal eye pressure?
10-21 mmHg
45
What is the gold standard test for eye pressures?
Goldmann
46
When should patients with better than 20/20 vision be referred?
If there are visual complaints
47
When should pts wit worse than 20/20 vision be referred?
Always, even in the absence of complaints
48
When should pts with VA asymmetry be referred?
Difference of 2 lines or more
49
True or false: for the most part, any fundus exam abnormality necessitates a referral to an ophthalmologist
True
50
Eye pressure of greater than what indicates the need for referral?
More than 22 mmHg
51
What are the components of AIDET?
- Acknowledge pt with a smile - introduce yourself - Describe what you are going to do - Explain - thank you
52
One eye bigger than the other in a kid = ?
glaucoma until proven otherwise

Ophthalmology (14 decks)

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