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Ophthalmology > Lecture XII > Flashcards

Lecture XII Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What happens to the eyes in pregnancy? (3)

A
  • Refractive error changes
  • Dry eyes
  • Transient loss of accommodation
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2
Q

What is a retinal complication from pregnancy?

A

Pregnancy induced HTN leads to retinopathy

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3
Q

What can happen with DM retinopathy with pregnancy?

A

Progresses

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4
Q

Should you change the glasses prescription or contact lens prescription in pregnancy?

A

No–will change too fast

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5
Q

What causes the exophthalmos with Grave’s disease?

A

EOM hypertrophy 2/2 Ab stimulating

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6
Q

What are the histological findings of the thyroid with grave’s disease?

A

Scalloping of the colloid

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos in the adult?

A

Grave’s disease

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8
Q

How well does the severity of exophthalmos with serum thyroid levels in grave’s disease?

A

Not very

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9
Q

True or false: Thyroid ophthalmopathy can progress even after thyroid function is normal

A

True

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10
Q

What may happen to the optic nerve with Grave’s disease?

A

Pressure on the nerve

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11
Q

What are the three major non-surgical treatments for thyroid ophthalmopathy?

A
  • Tear substitutes
  • Corticosteroids
  • Orbital irradiation
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12
Q

What is the major symptoms of iritis? Others?

A
  • Photophobia
  • Decreased vision
  • Miotic pupil
  • Pain
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13
Q

What must be r/o with iritis?

A

Trauma

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14
Q

What are the three major clinical exam findings of iritis?

A
  • White cells in the anterior chamber
  • Hypopyon
  • Keratic precipitates
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15
Q

What are the ophthalmologic complications of Sarcoidosis? (4)

A
  • Anterior uveitis (iritis)
  • Posterior uveitis
  • Retinitis
  • Dry eye syndrome
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16
Q

What is the great mimic of Sarcoidosis?

A

Histoplasmosis

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17
Q

What are the exam findings of sarcoidosis in the eye? (cornea, retina)

A
  • Granulomatous uveitis (“mutton fat”)

- Candlewax drippings in the choriditis

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18
Q

What are the ocular complications from RA?

A
  • Dry eyes
  • Episcleritis
  • Scleritis
  • Corneal ulcers
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19
Q

Perforations of the ciliary body = ?

A

RA

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20
Q

What is the major complication from RA corneal ulcerations?

A

Perforation of the cornea

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21
Q

What is the major ocular findings from JRA? What is characteristic about the joint issues with JRA?

A

Iritis that is often asymptomatic and chronic

Usually pauciarticular

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22
Q

What may happen if iritis in JRA goes unrecognized? (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Cataracts
  • Glaucoma
  • Corneal calcification
23
Q

What are the ocular manifestations of SLE?

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A
  • Dry eyes
  • Scleritis
  • Peripheral corneal ulcers
  • Retinopathy and optic neuropathy
24
Q

What are the s/sx of CT diseases in the eyes?

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A
  • Dry eyes
  • Burning
  • FB sensation
  • Photophobia
  • Tears
25
What medications can cause dry eyes?
- antidepressants | - Diuretics
26
What syndrome may cause tear deficiency?
Steven-Johnson syndrome
27
What is the treatment for ocular surface disease? (3)
- Artificial tears OTC - Omega 3 - Lid hygiene
28
What are the s/sx of ischemic optic neuropathy?
- HA - Scalp TTP - Jaw claudication
29
What is the systemic symptoms of giant cell arteritis?
Polymyalgia rheumatica
30
What is the treatment for giant cell arteritis?
- IV steroids | - Bx of the temporal artery
31
What is the timeframe in which the bx for giant cell arteritis will not be affected by the steroids given for treatment?
1 week
32
What are the three classic lab elevations with Giant cell arteritis?
- Platelets - ESR - CRP
33
What are the ocular s/sx of migraines? (3)
- Scintillating scotomas - Transient cortical blindness - Homonymous hemianopia
34
What medications should chronic migraine sufferers avoid?
Oral BCP
35
What is the long term treatment for migraines?
-Examine for visual loss
36
What is amaurosis fugax?
-Temporary arterial obstruction, causing sudden and transient visual loss
37
What are the organ system that affects amaurosis fugax?
- CVD - Cerebrovascular - Ophthalmologic
38
What can mimic occlusion with amaurosis fugax?
Migraine vasospasm
39
What is the treatment for CRAO? (2)
- Digital massage | - Glaucoma meds
40
What are the fundus characteristics after CRAO?
blind eye with a pale disc
41
What are the two classic malignancies that affect the optic nerve?
Leukemia | Lymphoma
42
True or false: most of the malignancies involving the eye are secondary
True
43
What are the complications of radiation to the eye?
Cataracts | Retinopathy
44
What chemotherapeutic agent can cause superficial keratitis?
Cytosine arabinoside
45
What chemotherapeutic agent can cause optic neuropathy?
Vincristine
46
What chemotherapeutic can cause CRAO?
Carmustine
47
True or false: pregnancy can cause serous retinal detachment
True
48
What is the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of exophthalmos 2/2 Grave's disease?
Reduces the antibody production. However, this is only a temporizing measure.
49
What type of injection characterizes iritis?
-Circumcorneal injection
50
What is the treatment for iritis?
Cycloplegic agents (antimuscarinics to cause dilation of the pupil)
51
What type of pupil do patients with iritis have: miotic or mydriatic?
Miotic
52
What causes the "snowglobe" appearance of irits?
Keratic precipitates
53
Which disease is characterized by the following: - Granulomatous uveitis ("mutton fat") - Candlewax drippings in the choroiditis
Sarcoidosis

Ophthalmology (14 decks)

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