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Ophthalmology > Lecture X > Flashcards

Lecture X Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between papillitis and glaucoma?

A

Glaucoma will have decreased VF slowly, with an atrophic optic nerve

Papillitis will have a sudden loss of vision and RAPD

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2
Q

What are the fundoscopic findings congenital anomalies that appear as pseudopapilledema?

A

Blurred disc margins, but without edema or hemorrhages

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3
Q

What are the causes of pseudopapilledema?

A
  • Hyperopia

- Persistent hyaloid remnants (in utero vessel between the retina and the iris)

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4
Q

Do hyperopic or myopic patients have pseudopapilledema?

A

Hyperoptic

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5
Q

How does a persistent hyaloid artery appear on a fundoscopic exam?

A

White outpouching of the disc

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6
Q

How do drusen cause pseudopapilledema?

A

If close to the optic disc, can blur margins

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7
Q

True or false: papilledema is always bilateral

A

True

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8
Q

What are the fundoscopic exam findings of papilledema?

A
  • Hyperemia of the disc

- Tortuosity of the vessels

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9
Q

What are spontaneous venous pulsations, and what happens to the with papilledema?

A

Venous pulsations–if present, then pressure in the eye is normal.

If not present, may be normal, or could be indicative of papilledema

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10
Q

What is pseudotumor cerebri? Who usually gets this?

A

Idiopathic intracranial HTN

Usually in young, overweight women

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11
Q

What is the issue with the grading system of ocular findings in the eye?

A

High stage usually says papilledema, but this is actually just phlebitis–not true increased ICP

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12
Q

What are the s/sx of pseudotumor cerebri?

A
  • Cephalalgia
  • Visual obscurations
  • Pulsatile tinnitus
  • Horizontal diplopia
  • Pain on EOM
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13
Q

What are the etiologies of pseudotumor cerebri?

A
  • Steroids
  • Excessive vitamin A/retinoic acid
  • Li
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14
Q

What is the treatment for pseudotumor cerebri? (4)

A
  • Weight loss
  • CAI
  • CSF shunting
  • Optic nerve fenestration
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15
Q

What is the diuretic that can be used to treat pseudotumor cerebri?

A

CAI

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16
Q

In which gender is optic neuritis more common in? Age?

A

15-45 yo Females

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17
Q

What are the s/sx of optic neuritis? (4)

A
  • Decreased vision
  • Color desaturation
  • VF defects
  • RAPD
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18
Q

What are the etiologies of optic neuritis? (3)

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A
  • MS
  • Ischemia
  • Lyme disease
19
Q

What is the prognosis of optic neuritis?

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A

Good after 1st attack, especially if young

20
Q

What is the treatment for optic neuritis?

21
Q

Is optic neuritis generally unilateral, or bilateral?

22
Q

What are the s/sx of retrobulbar neuritis?

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A
  • RAPD

- Pain on EOM

23
Q

Is there disc edema with retrobulbar neuritis?

24
Q

What are the S/sx of papillitis?

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A

RAPD

Poor vision

25
Is papillitis usually unilateral or bilateral?
Unilateral
26
What are the fundoscopic findings of optic neuritis?
- Disc edema | - Tortuosity of the vessels
27
Which has pain on EOM,: retrobulbar neuritis or papillitis? Why?
Retrobulbar--EOMs pull on optic nerve
28
What are the fundoscopic exam findings of optic atrophy?
Pallor of the optic nerve
29
What are the causes of optic atrophy?
Anything that inflames or compresses the optic nerve
30
What is the major chemical intoxication that can cause optic atrophy?
-Methanol
31
What TB drug can cause optic atrophy?
Ethambutol
32
What are the fundoscopic characteristics of optic atrophy?
Clear optic disc without color
33
What is cortical blindness?
Visual pathways are intact, but there is an issue in the cortex that prevents the processing of the image
34
What is the name of the inferior optic radiation?
Meyer's loop
35
What are the blood vessels that supply the optic radiations?
Middle and posterior cerebral artery
36
What is the calcarine fissure?
an anatomical landmark located at the caudal end of the medial surface of the brain.
37
What is Charles Bonnet syndrome?
the experience of complex visual hallucinations in a person with partial or severe blindness, but is cognitively intact
38
Who usually gets Charles Bonnet syndrome?
Old people
39
What are the characteristics of the hallucinations in Charles Bonnet syndrome?
Pleasant/interesting that the pt knows are not real
40
What is the treatment for Charles Bonnet syndrome?
Simple reassurance, maybe psych testing
41
What is cognitive visual loss?
visual variant of Alzheimer's--normal VA, but inability to process correctly
42
What is simultagnosia?
Inability to group letters into words, or words into sentences
43
How do you test for cognitive visual loss?
Clock drawing

Ophthalmology (14 decks)

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