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Anatomy II > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What are the boundaries of the neck region

A
  • Between trunk and neck clavicles in front ald 7th cervical vertebra in the back
  • toward the head: line joining the lower border of the mandible, the mastoid process and the external occipital protuberance
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2
Q

Back part of the neck

A

Nucha

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3
Q

Anterior part of the neck

A

Cervix

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4
Q

What are the neck fasciae

A

Superficial fascia of the neck
Petracheal facial layer of the neck
Prevertebral fascia of the neck

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5
Q

Name two types of muscles of the skull

A

Muscle of mastication

And facial expression

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6
Q

3 muscles of mastication

A

Masseter muscle
Medial and lateral pterygoid muscle
Temporalis muscle
Supplied by trigemina, nerve

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7
Q

Name muscle of facial expression

A

M. Orbicularis oris
M. Orbicularis oculi
M. Depressor anguli oris
All supplied by facial nerve

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8
Q

What joint is the The jaw joint

A 
Temporomandibular joint 
Hinge joint 
Nutritional intake speech facial expression 
Connects mandible with temporal bone 
Articular disk
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9
Q

What is the only opener of the mouth

A

Lateral pterygoid muscle

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10
Q

What are the mouth closers of the mandible

A

Temporalis

Masseter

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11
Q

What is tetanus

A

An infection caused by anaerobic bacteria clostridium tetani found in dirty wounds that produces a neurotoxin that causes muscles to contract continiously

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12
Q

Whats a pantomogram

A

Dental panoramic radiograph

Orthopantomogram

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13
Q

What is the main function ig the digestive system

A

Prepare food for cellular utilization

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14
Q

Ingestion

A

Taling food into the mouth

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15
Q

Digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food as preparation for absorbtion

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16
Q

Absorbtion

A

Passage of molecules of food through the mucous membrane of the digestive tract into blood or lymph for distibution to cells

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17
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhytmic, wavelike intestinal contractions that move food

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18
Q

Defecation

A

Discharge of ingestible waste

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19
Q

Composition of oral cavity

A

Teeth
Toungh
Salivary gland

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20
Q

Digestive channel

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Intestine

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21
Q

Accessory organs

A

Liver bladder pancreas

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22
Q

How lomg is the GI tract

A

9m
From mouth to anus
Passing thoracic and abdominal cavity

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23
Q

Where does the oral cavity ends

A

Isthmus of fauces

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24
Q

How is the oral cavity divided

A

Vestibulum and inner cavity

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25
Functions of oral cavity
Ingest food Recieves saliva Grinds food Initiates digestion
26
What are the muscles of the toungue
Intrinsic: (within toungue) - superior longitudinal muscle of the toungue - inf. long muscle of toungue - transverse muscle of toungue - vertical muscle of toungue Estrinsic: (originate outside toungue) - genioglossus - hyoglossus - styloglossus
27
What nerve innervates toungue
Hypoglossal nerve XII
28
What glands are salivary glands
Exocrine glands Small salivary glands Large salivary glands
29
What are the large salivary glands and their entry to oral cavity
Parotid - lateral to upper second molar Submandibular papilla lateral to frenulum Sublingual- ducts along base of the toungue
30
How much salivation per day
1-1.5 liter | Saliva has amylase
31
What is the innervation of salivation
Parasympathetic activates salivation | Symphatetic inhibits
32
How many teeth
2 rows total of 32
33
Type of teeths and teir role
Inicisor : cutting teeths Canines : tearing and fixing | Premolars and molars : chewing
34
Composition of permanent dentition
8 incissors 4 canines 8 premolar 12 molars
35
Whats M1
First permanent teeth to erups at 6 yrs
36
Last 4 teeth
Between 17-38 yrs are wisdom teeth
37
How long is the pharynx
12 cm
38
What are the parts of pharynx
Nasopharynx (epi) Oropharynx (meso) Hypopharinx
39
How is the pharyngeal wall composed
Mucosa Striatal muscle Connective tissue layer
40
Eustachian tube
Connects pharynx with tumpanic cavity of middle ear
41
What are constrictors
External circular layer of pharyngeal muslce
42
What is the innervation of pharinx
Vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal
43
What are the processes that Atp energizes
Cellular components Muscle contraction transport across membrane Glandular secretion Nerve conduction
44
What is a calorie
Its the quantity of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water by 1C
45
Whats direct calorimetry
Measures teh body heat production to calculate energy expenditure
46
Inidrect calorimetry
Calculates emergy expenditure from the rate of oxygen utilization
47
What is total energy expenditure composed of
Basal metabolic rate Activity energy costs Diet induced thermogenesis
48
What is the adequate uptake of proteins
0.5g/kg of bodyweight for proper nitrogen balance
49
Deficiency in vit A
Night blindness
50
Vit C deficiency
Scurvy
51
Vit D deficinecy
Rickets
52
B12 and folic acid deficiency
Anemia , loss of sensation, paralysis
53
Vit -k deficiency
Coagulation disorders
54
Calcium
1g day fir bones
55
Phospjorous
Major anion of intracellular fluid 1g/day
56
Iron
10-20 mg/day 2\3 in the form of hemoglobin
57
Iodine
0.15 mg\day Catalyst of enzymatic reactions
58
What are the innervation to the hypotalamus for hunger signals
``` gi tract Chemical signals Hormons from gi Hormones from adipose tissue Signal from cerebral cortex ```
59
Short term regulation of food intake
CCK its released in response to fat enetring the duodendum , reduces subsequent eating Food in intestine releases YY and glucagon peptide Ghrelin secreted by stomach during fasting , stimulates feeding
60
Long term regualtion of food
Effect of blood concentration on glucose amino acids and lipids, decrease increases humger Leptin in adipose tissue signals the brain to stop eating

Anatomy II (9 decks)

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