Lesson 3

Question 1

What isthe largest intestinal organ

Answer 1

Liver

Question 2

How many lobes in liver

Answer 2

4

Question 3

What ligament separates right and left lobe of liver

Answer 3

Falciform ligament

Question 4

What system drains nutrients rich bloood from alimentary canal into liver before traveling to hearth

Answer 4

Hepatic portal system

Question 5

Composition of bile

Answer 5

Bile salts
Bilirubin
Cholesterol

Question 6

Blood supply to gall bladder

Answer 6

Cystic artery

Question 7

Blood drainage

Answer 7

Cystic vein -> hepatic portal vein

Question 8

Gall stones

Answer 8

Cholesterol precipitates into solid crystals

Question 9

Alpha cells pamcreas

Answer 9

Glucacon

Question 10

Beta cells pancreas

Answer 10

Insulin

Question 11

Role of sodium bivarbonate

Answer 11

Which plays important role in neutralizing the acidity of the chyme emptied from the stomach

Question 12

Enzyme for digesting proteins

Answer 12

Proteases

Question 13

Enzyme fir carbohydrate digestion

Answer 13

Amylases

Question 14

Main enzymes for fat digestion

Answer 14

Lipases

Question 15

Protein pancreatic enzymes

Answer 15

Trypsin and chymotrypsim= from proteins to peptides of various sizes
Carboxypolypeptides -> amino acids

Question 16

Carbohydrate enzymes in pancreas

Answer 16

Pancreatic amylase = starch to disaccharides

Question 17

Fat enzymes pancreas

Answer 17

Pancreatic lipase = neutal fat to fatty acids
Cholesterol esterase = cholesterol to fatty acids
Phospholipase = phospholipis to fatty acids

Question 18

How is cck released

Answer 18

Acid of the stomach releases secretin from wall of duodendum, fats and amino acids cause the release of cck

Question 19

What are the three phases of pancreatic secretion

Answer 19

1. Cephalic = through vagal pathways due to sight smell taste and mastication
2. Gastric = distention , gastrin through vagal cholinergic
3. Intestinal = amino acids fatty acids and H+ , CCK , secretin and enteropancreatic reflexes

Question 20

Roles of bile

Answer 20

1) fat digestion and absorbtion

2) means of execretion of waste products from the blood

Question 21

When does the gladdbladder start to empty

Answer 21

When food starts to get digested in the upper gastrointestinal tract

Question 22

What is the most kmportant stimulus for gladdbladder emptying

Answer 22

CCK

Question 23

What is the emulsyfing function

Answer 23

Detergent action of the fat particles in the food decreasing the surface tension of the particles to allow agitation to break the fat globules into minute sizes

Question 24

What would happen if we didnt have bile salts

Answer 24

40% of fatty acids ingested would be lost into feces

Question 25

Role of micelles

Answer 25

Facilitate close contact between products of fat digestion and mucosa

Question 26

Whats enterohepatic circulation?

Answer 26

Bile salts are released from micelles and absorbed only in ileum and then recycled

Question 27

How are gallstones formed

Answer 27

Too mcuh absorbtion of water from bile Too much absorbtion of bile acids from bile Too much cholesterol from bile Inflammation of epithelium

Question 28

Whats jaundice

Answer 28

Its a condition with too much bilirubin conventration in the plasma leading to yellow discolorstion of skin and sclera