Lesson 4 Flashcards
(25 cards)
Where are the kidneys located
Retroperitoneal space between the level of vertebra TH12 and L3
What are kidneys surrounded by
Adipose capsule and fascial sheat
How much blood flows to the kidneys
20-25 % of cardiac output
What are the capillary beds of the kidneys
Glomerular and peritubular
What is a nephron
Consisted of s glomerus
Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending limb of the nephron loop
Ascending limb of the nephron loop and distal convoluted tubule
What is the role of ureter
Transports urine from renal pelvis to the bladder
Diamerer 5mm to lemght 25 cm
3 constriction of the ureter
Uteropelvic junction
Ureter crosses common illiac vessels
In its course throhgh the baldder wall
Three layers of urinary bladder
Transitional epithelium
Lamina propria
Submucosa
Whats trigone
Opening and closing musculary loops at the opening of ureter entrance
Whats orifice
Hole where ureterus arrives
What are urethral sphincters
Intersnl sphincter = involuntary smooth muscles
External spincter = voluntary striated muscle
Male urethra
Is 20-25 cm long and becomes a combined urinary and spermatic tube diveded in
- prostatic part = running through the prostate
- membraneous part = pierces the pelvic floor
- urinary meatus = long part running through penis
Female urethra
3-4 cm long begins directly above the pelvic floor
What are the main functions of kidneys
Exectretion fo metaboliv waste products of foreign chemicals
Egulation of water and electrolytes balances
Diuresis
Exectretion fo urine
Diuretics
Drugs tgat increase urine
Osmotic diuresis
Increased diuresis due to excexretion of substances increasing in osmotic pressure within the renal tube
Anuria
No urine production
Oliguria
< 500 ml / fay
Polyuria
Increased urine production
Exsiccosis
Body dehydration
Polydipsia
Increased thirst and excessive drinking
Composition of urine
95% water
2% urea
2.8 dissolved salts and otehr ions
Creartinine ammonia and uric acid 0.2%
Functional unit of kidney
Nephron
