Lesson 1, Part 1 Flashcards
(69 cards)
Lead in
- Writing or Speech:
The first part of a sentence or paragraph that smoothly introduces the main idea.
• Example: “A strong lead-in makes an article more engaging.”
forum
- Discussion Platform – A place, either online or physical, where people gather to discuss topics of common interest. Example: “I asked my question on a programming forum.”
Speech
General Definition: Speech is the act of expressing thoughts, ideas, or feelings through spoken words.
Questionnaire
A questionnaire is a set of written or digital questions used to collect information from individuals. It is commonly used in surveys, research studies, customer feedback, and assessments. Questionnaires can include multiple-choice, open-ended, or rating-scale questions and are designed to gather data systematically.
Grammatical terminology
“Grammatical terminology” refers to the specialized vocabulary used to describe the structure and rules of a language. These terms help explain how words, phrases, and sentences function. Here are some common grammatical terms and their meanings:
1. Noun – A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., dog, city, love).
2. Pronoun – A word that replaces a noun (e.g., he, she, it).
3. Verb – A word that expresses an action or state of being (e.g., run, is, think).
4. Adjective – A word that describes a noun (e.g., happy, large, blue).
5. Adverb – A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb (e.g., quickly, very, well).
Terminology
“Terminology” refers to the set of specialized words and expressions used in a particular field, subject, or profession. It helps in precisely communicating concepts and ideas within that domain.
For example:
• Medical terminology includes words like diagnosis, prognosis, hypertension.
• Legal terminology includes terms like plaintiff, defendant, jurisdiction.
• Grammatical terminology includes terms like noun, verb, clause.
Look up
“Look up” is a versatile phrasal verb in English with several meanings:
1. Search for Information: To seek information in a reference source, such as a dictionary or online database.
• Example: “I didn’t understand the term, so I looked it up in the dictionary.”
Communicate
“Communicate” is a verb that means to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings with others. It can be done through speaking, writing, gestures, or other forms of expression.
Common Meanings of “Communicate”:
1. To Share Information – Conveying a message to someone.
• Example: “She communicated her ideas clearly in the meeting.”
2. To Exchange Thoughts or Feelings – Engaging in a two-way interaction.
• Example: “They communicate regularly to maintain a strong relationship.”
Write down
To record something on paper or digitally – Example: She wrote down the meeting notes in her notebook.
dialogue
A conversation between two or more people –
• Example: The book includes a dialogue between the main characters.
absolutely
Certainly, perfectly, surely
undoubtedly
definitely, Beyond a doubt, without a doubt, surely,
Thorough, thoroughly
- Thorough (Adjective)
• Thorough is an adjective that describes something done carefully and completely, leaving no part unfinished.
Examples:
• She gave a thorough explanation of the process. (She explained the process in detail, covering everything.)
• He did a thorough cleaning of the house. (He cleaned the house completely and carefully.)
- Thoroughly (Adverb)
• Thoroughly is an adverb that describes how an action is performed. It means completely, in detail, or carefully.
Examples:
• He thoroughly enjoyed the trip. (He enjoyed the trip in a complete and full way.)
• She cleaned the room thoroughly. (She cleaned the room very carefully and completely.)
Summary:
• Thorough (adjective) describes something that is complete and detailed.
• Thoroughly (adverb) describes the manner in which something is done, meaning in a complete or careful way.
Preference
“Preference” is a noun that refers to the act of liking or choosing one thing over another. It expresses a personal choice or priority.
Uses and Examples:
1. General Choice (Choosing one thing over another)
• I have a preference for tea over coffee.
• (I like tea more than coffee.)
2. Personal Liking (A personal tendency or inclination)
• Her preference is to work in the morning.
• (She prefers working in the morning.)
Progress
“Progress” can be used as both a noun and a verb, meaning improvement, development, or moving forward in something.
necessity vs necessary
“Necessity” is a noun that refers to something that is needed, required, or essential in a situation. It can also mean something that is unavoidable or important for survival or success.
Uses and Examples:
1. Something Essential (Something that is necessary and required)
• Food and water are basic necessities of life.
• (These are essential for survival.)
• A good education is a necessity for success.
• (Education is important for achieving success.)
2. A Situation That Requires Something (A need or obligation to do something)
• Due to the storm, staying inside became a necessity.
• (It was necessary to stay inside.)
• We only buy luxury items when there is no necessity to save money.
• (When saving money is not essential, we buy luxury items.)
3. Idiomatic Uses (Common expressions)
• Out of necessity → She learned to cook out of necessity. (She had to learn to cook because it was required.)
• A matter of necessity → Wearing a helmet is a matter of necessity for bikers. (Wearing a helmet is essential for safety.)
“Necessary” and “necessity” are related but have different grammatical roles and uses:
⸻
- Necessary
Explanation:
“Necessary” is an adjective that describes something that is required or essential.
Examples:
1. Water is necessary for life.
2. It is necessary to wear safety equipment on the site.
3. Is it necessary to bring all these documents?
Synonyms: essential, required, vital, crucial, indispensable
Phonetic Transcription: /ˈnesəˌseri/
Part of Speech: Adjective
⸻
- Necessity
Explanation:
“Necessity” is a noun that refers to something that is needed or indispensable.
Examples:
1. Food and shelter are basic necessities of life.
2. The project was done out of necessity, not choice.
3. A phone is a modern necessity for most people.
Synonyms: requirement, need, essential, must, obligation
Phonetic Transcription: /nəˈsesəti/
Part of Speech: Noun
Do…
Nothing, homework, housework, someone a favour, your best,
make…
A choice, a profit, a mess, a mistake, a noise
Make a mess
“Make a mess” is an idiomatic phrase that means to create disorder, dirt, or confusion in a place or situation. It can refer to both physical mess (untidiness) and situational mess (causing problems or confusion).
Uses and Examples:
1. Physical Mess (Creating a dirty or untidy place)
• The kids made a mess in the living room.
• (The children created a lot of disorder in the living room.)
• Don’t make a mess while cooking.
• (Be careful not to spill things or make the kitchen dirty.)
2. Situational Mess (Causing confusion or trouble)
• He made a mess of the project by missing deadlines.
• (He caused problems in the project due to delays.)
• She made a mess of her speech and forgot important points.
• (She didn’t do well in her speech and got confused.)
take
Your time, an exam, a break, a chance
1. Take a chance → To try something risky or uncertain • You should take a chance and apply for the job. • (You should try, even if success is not guaranteed.) 2. Take a break → To stop working or doing something for a short time • Let’s take a break and have some coffee. • (Let’s rest for a short time.) 3. Take an exam → To sit for a test or examination • I have to take an exam tomorrow morning. • (I have to sit for a test.)
Give…
A ring, instructions, directions, a talk
1. Give a ring → To call someone on the phone • I’ll give you a ring later. • (I’ll call you later.) 2. Give a talk → To deliver a speech or presentation • She will give a talk on climate change at the conference. • (She will speak about climate change.) 3. Give directions → To tell someone how to get somewhere • Can you give me directions to the nearest bank? • (Can you tell me how to reach the bank?) 4. Give instructions → To explain how to do something • The teacher gave clear instructions for the assignment. • (The teacher explained how to do the assignment properly.)
have
A break, a dream, a good time, trouble
1. Have a break → To take a short rest from work or activity • Let’s have a break before continuing the meeting. • (Let’s rest for a short time.) 2. Have a dream → To experience a dream while sleeping or to have an aspiration • Last night, I had a strange dream about flying. • (I experienced a dream while sleeping.) • She has a dream of becoming a doctor. • (She has a strong aspiration to be a doctor.) 3. Have trouble → To experience difficulty with something • I had trouble understanding the instructions. • (I found it difficult to understand the instructions.) • He’s having trouble with his car again. • (His car is not working properly.)
Come along
- To accompany or join someone
• Meaning: It means to go with someone or join them in a specific activity or journey.
Examples:
• Would you like to come along to the park?
(Would you like to join me at the park?)
• We’re going shopping. Do you want to come along?
(Do you want to join us for shopping?)
• “Come along” suggests joining an activity or going with someone in a more informal and casual way.
• “Attend” refers to being present at a formal or planned event, and it is more official.
Sociable
• Sociable refers to someone who is friendly, approachable, and enjoys socializing or interacting with people.
Examples:
• She’s a very sociable person and loves meeting new people.
(She enjoys spending time with others and making new connections.)
• He’s not very sociable and prefers to stay home.
(He doesn’t enjoy being around people much.)
• At the party, John was very sociable and talked to almost everyone.
(John was outgoing and interacted with many people.)
Synonyms:
• Friendly
• Outgoing
• Amiable
• Gregarious
• Approachable
