Lesson 2 Part 1 Flashcards

Question

Unemployment

Answer 1

Unemployment Explanation: Unemployment refers to the condition of not having a job despite being actively seeking work. It can also refer to the rate at which people in a specific area or economy are unemployed. ⸻ Examples: 1. Due to the economic downturn, unemployment has risen sharply in the region. 2. After graduating, he struggled with unemployment for several months. 3. The government is implementing policies to reduce unemployment levels. ⸻ Synonyms: • Joblessness • Lack of employment • Idle • Inactivity • Underemployment (if someone works less than full-time) ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to know about the causes and effects of unemployment in different economies?

Answer 2

Flood Explanation: A flood is an overflow of water onto land that is usually dry. It can be caused by heavy rainfall, melting snow, or the overflow of rivers or lakes. Floods can result in property damage, displacement of people, and environmental destruction. ⸻ Examples: 1. The city experienced severe flooding after days of heavy rain. 2. Many homes were destroyed by the flood caused by the river overflow. 3. The floodwaters receded after a week, but the damage was significant. ⸻ Synonyms: • Deluge • Inundation • Overflow • Torrent • Flooding ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /flʌd/ Part of Speech: Noun (can also be used as a verb: to flood) Would you like to know the difference between types of floods, like river floods vs flash floods?

Answer 3

Volcanic Eruption Explanation: A volcanic eruption occurs when magma from beneath the Earth’s crust escapes through vents in the Earth’s surface, often releasing gases, ash, and lava. These eruptions can vary in intensity and impact, from small eruptions to large explosive events that cause widespread destruction. ⸻ Examples: 1. The volcanic eruption in Iceland caused ash clouds that disrupted air travel. 2. Mount Vesuvius’ eruption in 79 AD destroyed the Roman city of Pompeii. 3. Lava flows from the volcanic eruption threatened nearby villages. ⸻ Synonyms: • Eruption • Volcanic explosion • Lava flow • Magmatic outburst • Volcanic blast ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /vɒlˈkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃən/ Part of Speech: Noun (often used as a compound noun: volcanic eruption) Would you like to explore the different types of volcanic eruptions, like explosive vs. effusive?

Answer 4

Homelessness Explanation: Homelessness refers to the condition of not having a stable, permanent place to live. It can result from factors such as financial hardship, lack of affordable housing, mental illness, or other social issues. ⸻ Examples: 1. The city has programs to provide shelter for individuals experiencing homelessness. 2. Homelessness is a growing problem in many major urban areas. 3. After losing his job, he struggled with homelessness for several months. ⸻ Synonyms: • Vagrancy • Displacement • Houselessness • Poverty • Rooflessness ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈhoʊmləsnəs/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to know about the causes, effects, or solutions to homelessness?

Answer 5

Drought Explanation: A drought is an extended period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of water. This can cause significant environmental, agricultural, and economic problems, including crop failure, water scarcity, and loss of livestock. ⸻ Examples: 1. The region is suffering from a severe drought, which has affected local farming. 2. Water restrictions have been implemented due to the ongoing drought. 3. The drought lasted for months, depleting reservoirs and drying up rivers. ⸻ Synonyms: • Dry spell • Aridity • Water shortage • Dehydration • Famine (in severe cases due to crop failure) ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /draʊt/ Part of Speech: Noun

Answer 6

Landslide Explanation: A landslide is the sudden and fast movement of rock, soil, and debris down a slope due to gravity. Landslides can be triggered by factors like heavy rainfall, earthquakes, volcanic activity, or human activities like construction. ⸻ Examples: 1. The heavy rain caused a landslide that blocked the mountain road. 2. A landslide destroyed several homes near the cliffside. 3. The landslide left the village cut off from the rest of the region. ⸻ Synonyms: • Mudslide • Rockslide • Avalanche (when involving snow or ice) • Debris flow • Earthslide ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈlændslaɪd/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to know more about the causes and prevention of landslides?

Answer 7

Drug Abuse Explanation: Drug abuse refers to the harmful or illegal use of substances such as drugs or alcohol, often in a way that can lead to addiction, physical harm, and negative effects on social, mental, and emotional health. ⸻ Examples: 1. The community is taking steps to raise awareness about drug abuse among teens. 2. Drug abuse can have long-lasting effects on an individual’s health and relationships. 3. She sought treatment to overcome her drug abuse problem. ⸻ Synonyms: • Substance abuse • Drug addiction • Substance dependence • Drug misuse • Chemical dependency ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /drʌɡ əˈbjuːz/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to explore the causes and effects of drug abuse or available treatment options?

Answer 8

Domestic Violence Explanation: Domestic violence refers to abusive behavior in a relationship where one partner seeks to control or dominate the other through physical, emotional, sexual, or psychological harm. It can occur in any type of relationship, including marriage, cohabitation, or dating. ⸻ Examples: 1. Domestic violence can take many forms, including physical abuse, emotional manipulation, and threats. 2. She finally escaped the cycle of domestic violence and sought help at a shelter. 3. The government has implemented stricter laws to combat domestic violence and protect victims. ⸻ Synonyms: • Intimate partner violence • Domestic abuse • Spousal abuse • Family violence • Partner violence ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns/ Part of Speech: Noun خشونت خانگی

Answer 9

Debt Explanation: Debt refers to the amount of money that is owed by one party to another, typically as a result of borrowing. It can arise from loans, credit purchases, or unpaid bills, and needs to be repaid under agreed terms. ⸻ Examples: 1. After years of borrowing, they finally paid off their student debt. 2. The company is struggling to manage its growing debt. 3. High levels of debt can lead to financial instability. ⸻ Synonyms: • Loan • Liability • Obligation • Arrears • Credit ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /dɛt/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to learn about the types of debt (e.g., secured vs. unsecured) or how to manage debt effectively?

Answer 10

Household Explanation: A household refers to all the people living in a single dwelling, sharing domestic responsibilities. It can also refer to the physical space or home where they live. A household may include family members, roommates, or others who share living arrangements. ⸻ Examples: 1. The household consists of two parents and three children. 2. Household chores are typically divided among family members. 3. Many households are struggling to manage rising living costs. ⸻ Synonyms: • Home • Residence • Dwelling • Family unit • Living space ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈhaʊshoʊld/ Part of Speech: Noun خانوار

Answer 11

Obesity Explanation: Obesity refers to a condition characterized by excessive body fat that significantly increases the risk of health problems. It is typically defined by a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher. ⸻ Examples: 1. Obesity is a major risk factor for heart disease and diabetes. 2. Poor diet and lack of exercise are common causes of obesity. 3. The government has introduced programs to combat childhood obesity in schools. ⸻ Synonyms: • Overweight • Corpulence • Fatness • Excessive weight • Heavyset ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /əʊˈbiːsɪti/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to explore the causes, effects, or solutions to obesity?

Answer 12

Rehabilitation Explanation: Rehabilitation refers to the process of helping someone recover from illness, injury, addiction, or a difficult situation. It often involves medical, physical, or psychological support to restore health, functionality, or well-being. ⸻ Examples: 1. After the surgery, he underwent rehabilitation to regain strength and mobility. 2. Drug rehabilitation programs help individuals overcome addiction. 3. The community center offers rehabilitation services for people with mental health challenges. ⸻ Synonyms: • Recovery • Restoration • Therapy • Treatment • Reintegration ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˌriːhæbɪˈleɪʃən/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to explore the different types of rehabilitation (e.g., physical vs. addiction rehabilitation)? توانبخشی

Answer 13

Incident Explanation: An incident refers to an event or occurrence, often one that is unusual, unexpected, or disruptive. It can be either positive or negative, and the term is commonly used to describe an event that requires attention or response. ⸻ Examples: 1. The police were called to investigate a minor traffic incident. 2. The incident at the airport caused significant delays. 3. The company issued a statement following the incident involving a data breach. ⸻ Synonyms: • Event • Occurrence • Situation • Accident • Episode ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to learn about the difference between an “incident” and an “accident”?

Answer 14

Come Forward Explanation: Come forward is a phrasal verb meaning to offer help, provide information, or present oneself, often in response to a request or situation. It can also imply stepping into a position of responsibility or acknowledgment. ⸻ Examples: 1. Witnesses to the accident are encouraged to come forward with any information. 2. The suspect refused to come forward during the investigation. 3. She came forward to offer her assistance with the community project. ⸻ Synonyms: • Volunteer • Step up • Offer help • Present oneself • Reveal oneself ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /kʌm ˈfɔːrwəd/ Part of Speech: Phrasal Verb Would you like to explore other phrasal verbs similar to “come forward”?

Answer 15

Start Out vs Start Start Out Explanation: Start out is a phrasal verb that generally refers to beginning something, especially a journey, career, or activity, with an emphasis on the initial phase or direction. It can also imply a gradual progression over time. ⸻ Examples: 1. She started out as a teacher before becoming a principal. 2. He started out in a small company and worked his way up. 3. The hike started out easy, but the terrain soon became challenging. ⸻ Start Explanation: Start is a more general verb meaning to begin something, initiate an action, or launch an event. It can be used in a variety of contexts, such as beginning a task, a project, or a journey. ⸻ Examples: 1. I will start the meeting at 9 AM. 2. We need to start preparing for the exam. 3. He started a new job last week. ⸻ Differences: • Start out often implies the beginning of a journey, career, or process, with a focus on the initial phase or approach. • Start is more general and can be used for any kind of beginning, whether it’s an activity, process, or event. ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: • Start out: /stɑːrt aʊt/ • Start: /stɑːrt/ Would you like to explore other verb differences or similar phrasal verbs?

Answer 16

Visit vs Meet Visit Explanation: Visit refers to going to see someone or a place, often for a period of time, with the purpose of spending time, having a conversation, or doing something in particular. It often implies staying at the location or interacting with people for a while. ⸻ Examples: 1. We plan to visit our grandparents this weekend. 2. The doctor will visit you in the morning to check on your progress. 3. She visited the museum to learn more about the history of the area. ⸻ Meet Explanation: Meet refers to coming together with someone for the first time or meeting them in a specific place. It can also refer to a planned interaction or encounter. ⸻ Examples: 1. I will meet you at the cafe at 3 PM. 2. It’s nice to meet you; I’ve heard a lot about you. 3. We met at a conference last year and have kept in touch since. ⸻ Differences: • Visit often involves going to someone’s location or a place for a certain period of time, and may involve spending time together. • Meet refers to the act of encountering someone, either for the first time or as part of a planned interaction. ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: • Visit: /ˈvɪzɪt/ • Meet: /miːt/ Would you like to explore other verb distinctions or usage tips?

Answer 17

Hold the Idea Explanation: Hold the idea is a phrase that generally means to keep or retain an idea in your mind, often to consider it further, think about it, or wait for the right moment to discuss or act on it. It can also imply maintaining a particular perspective or plan. ⸻ Examples: 1. I’ll hold the idea until we have more information to make a decision. 2. Can you hold the idea for a moment while I check with my team? 3. He’s been holding the idea of starting his own business for a long time. ⸻ Synonyms: • Keep in mind • Retain • Consider • Contemplate • Keep hold of ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /hoʊld ði aɪˈdɪə/ Part of Speech: Verb phrase Would you like to explore other similar phrases or learn about when to use this expression in different contexts?

Answer 18

Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Explanation: Strengths refer to qualities, skills, or characteristics that are advantageous, powerful, or beneficial. These are the positive aspects of a person, team, or situation that contribute to success or effectiveness. ⸻ Examples: 1. One of her strengths is her ability to solve complex problems quickly. 2. Teamwork is a key strength in our organization. 3. His communication skills are one of his greatest strengths. ⸻ Synonyms: • Advantages • Assets • Talents • Strength • Skills ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /strɛŋkθs/ Part of Speech: Noun (plural) ⸻ Weaknesses Explanation: Weaknesses refer to qualities, skills, or characteristics that hinder effectiveness, present challenges, or represent areas of improvement. These are the negative aspects of a person, team, or situation that may limit success or progress. ⸻ Examples: 1. One of his weaknesses is procrastination, which delays his work. 2. Lack of experience can be a weakness when applying for certain jobs. 3. They worked on improving their weaknesses to become a better team. ⸻ Synonyms: • Limitations • Drawbacks • Vulnerabilities • Shortcomings • Deficiencies ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈwiːknɪsɪz/ Part of Speech: Noun (plural) ⸻ Differences: • Strengths highlight positive traits or abilities that contribute to success. • Weaknesses highlight areas where improvement is needed or traits that might hinder success. Would you like to explore how to identify and improve strengths and weaknesses in personal development or teams?

Answer 19

Generosity Explanation: Generosity refers to the quality of being kind, selfless, and willing to give or share with others, whether it’s time, resources, money, or help, without expecting anything in return. It is often associated with acts of charity, kindness, and willingness to support others. ⸻ Examples: 1. Her generosity towards the poor has made a significant difference in the community. 2. Generosity is not just about giving money; it can also involve sharing your time or knowledge. 3. The charity event was a huge success, thanks to the generosity of donors. ⸻ Synonyms: • Kindness • Benevolence • Altruism • Philanthropy • Charity ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˌdʒɛnəˈrɒsɪti/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to learn about ways to cultivate generosity or examples of generosity in different cultures?

Answer 20

Individual Explanation: Individual refers to a single person or entity, distinct from others, often used to emphasize uniqueness or personal characteristics. It can also describe something that is considered separately, as opposed to a group or collective. ⸻ Examples: 1. Each individual in the group was given a chance to speak. 2. She values her individual freedom above all else. 3. The company is focusing on individual customer needs rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. ⸻ Synonyms: • Person • Single • Human • Entity • Someone ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒʊəl/ Part of Speech: Noun / Adjective Would you like to explore the difference between “individual” and “person” in various contexts?

Answer 21

Underlying Explanation: Underlying refers to something that is fundamental, hidden, or not immediately visible, but influences or supports a situation, condition, or concept. It can describe the root cause, principle, or factor that is not immediately obvious but is significant. ⸻ Examples: 1. The underlying cause of the economic crisis was poor financial planning. 2. She has an underlying fear of failure, which affects her decisions. 3. The underlying principles of the theory are based on years of research. ⸻ Synonyms: • Fundamental • Basic • Root • Hidden • Core ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈʌndərˌlaɪɪŋ/ Part of Speech: Adjective Would you like to discuss how “underlying” is used in different contexts or explore related phrases?

Answer 22

Remarkable Explanation: Remarkable describes something that is worthy of attention or admiration because it is unusual, impressive, or extraordinary. It highlights qualities or events that stand out due to their uniqueness or excellence. ⸻ Examples: 1. Her performance in the competition was truly remarkable. 2. The team made remarkable progress in just a few months. 3. The scientist made a remarkable discovery that changed the course of history. ⸻ Synonyms: • Extraordinary • Impressive • Unusual • Striking • Noteworthy ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/ Part of Speech: Adjective Would you like to learn more about how “remarkable” can be used to describe people, achievements, or events?

Answer 23

Impression Explanation: Impression refers to the effect, feeling, or opinion that something or someone creates in your mind. It can also mean a mark left by pressure or a general sense of how something appears. ⸻ Examples: 1. Her speech left a strong impression on the audience. 2. My first impression of him was very positive. 3. The statue made an impression in the soft clay. ⸻ Synonyms: • Impact • Effect • Perception • Influence • Notion ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ɪmˈprɛʃən/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to explore the difference between “impression” and “opinion”?

Answer 24

Dry Cleaner Explanation: A dry cleaner refers to both a person and a place that professionally cleans clothes using special solvents instead of water. This method is used for delicate fabrics that might get damaged in a regular washing machine. ⸻ Examples: 1. I took my suit to the dry cleaner before the wedding. 2. The dry cleaner removed the wine stain from my dress perfectly. 3. She works at a local dry cleaner and handles all the pressing and folding. ⸻ Synonyms: • Laundry service • Garment cleaner • Professional cleaner • Clothing care service • Dry cleaning shop ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈdraɪ ˌkliːnər/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to know how dry cleaning works or what kinds of clothes should be dry-cleaned?

Answer 25

Advert Explanation: Advert is an informal British English word for advertisement, meaning a public notice or message—usually paid—that promotes a product, service, job, or event through media such as TV, radio, newspapers, or the internet. ⸻ Examples: 1. I saw an advert for that movie on TV last night. 2. The company placed a job advert in the local newspaper. 3. That catchy advert made me want to try the new snack. ⸻ Synonyms: • Advertisement • Commercial • Promo • Announcement • Publicity ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈædvɜːt/ (British English) Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to learn the difference between “advert,” “ad,” and “commercial”?

Answer 26

Local Community Explanation: A local community refers to a group of people living in the same area or neighborhood, often sharing common interests, needs, and resources. It can also refer to the social networks, activities, and support systems that exist within that geographical area. ⸻ Examples: 1. The local community came together to clean up the park after the storm. 2. The local community center offers programs for children and seniors. 3. They decided to support local businesses to strengthen the local community. ⸻ Synonyms: • Neighborhood • Local population • Community group • Town/city residents • Area residents ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈloʊkəl kəˈmjunɪti/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to explore ways to get more involved in your local community?

Answer 27

Outfit Explanation: An outfit refers to a set of clothes worn together, often for a specific occasion or purpose. It can include clothing, accessories, shoes, and other elements that form a complete look. ⸻ Examples: 1. She wore a beautiful outfit to the party last night. 2. I need to buy a new outfit for the job interview. 3. His casual outfit consisted of jeans and a t-shirt. ⸻ Synonyms: • Clothing • Apparel • Attire • Ensemble • Gear ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈaʊtfɪt/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like tips on how to choose an outfit for a specific occasion?

Answer 28

Vet (as a verb) Explanation: To vet means to examine, check, or investigate something or someone thoroughly, often to ensure suitability, accuracy, or safety. It is commonly used in contexts such as evaluating candidates, reviewing documents, or assessing information for reliability. ⸻ Examples: 1. The manager will vet all job applicants before making a decision. 2. The team needs to vet the new software before it is launched. 3. They vet all their suppliers to ensure they meet quality standards. 4. Before you submit the report, make sure to vet the facts carefully. 5. The security team vetted the passengers before they boarded the flight. ⸻ Synonyms: • Examine • Scrutinize • Review • Inspect • Assess ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /vɛt/ Part of Speech: Verb Would you like to explore more about the contexts in which “vet” is used as a verb?

Answer 29

One-off Deal Explanation: A one-off deal refers to a transaction, agreement, or arrangement that is unique and happens only once. It is not expected to be repeated and is often special, temporary, or limited in nature. ⸻ Examples: 1. The company offered a one-off deal on their products for Black Friday. 2. The artist made a one-off deal to sell the painting to the museum. 3. We had a one-off deal with the supplier that included significant discounts. ⸻ Synonyms: • One-time offer • Special deal • Single transaction • Limited offer • Exclusive agreement ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /wʌn ɒf diːl/ Part of Speech: Noun phrase Would you like to explore how such deals are typically structured in business or marketing?

Answer 30

Worthwhile Explanation: Worthwhile describes something that is valuable or deserving of time, effort, or attention because it has beneficial or meaningful outcomes. It refers to actions, tasks, or things that are considered to be worth the investment or effort. ⸻ Examples: 1. Volunteering for a good cause is always a worthwhile activity. 2. The meeting was long, but it was worthwhile because we reached a solution. 3. I believe it’s worthwhile to invest in your education. ⸻ Synonyms: • Valuable • Rewarding • Beneficial • Meaningful • Productive ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈwɜːrθˌwaɪl/ Part of Speech: Adjective Would you like to learn how to use “worthwhile” in different contexts or explore similar expressions?

Answer 31

Mend Explanation: To mend means to repair or fix something that is broken, damaged, or not functioning properly. It can also refer to improving a situation, relationship, or condition. ⸻ Examples: 1. I need to mend the hole in my shirt before I can wear it again. 2. She spent the afternoon mending her broken fence. 3. After the argument, they worked together to mend their friendship. 4. The doctor helped mend his injuries after the accident. ⸻ Synonyms: • Repair • Fix • Restore • Patch • Heal ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /mɛnd/ Part of Speech: Verb Would you like to explore other meanings of “mend,” such as its use in emotional contexts?

Answer 32

Send off (as a verb) Explanation: To send off as a verb means to bid farewell to someone, often by physically seeing them off as they leave, or to arrange for someone to go somewhere (e.g., on a trip or to a new job). It can also mean to dispatch something, such as a letter or package. ⸻ Examples: 1. We went to the airport to send off our friend before her long journey. 2. The coach sent off the team with encouraging words before the final match. 3. I need to send off this package before the deadline. 4. They all gathered to send off their colleague with a small party on his last day at work. 5. She was sent off to college with a warm embrace from her parents. ⸻ Synonyms: • See off • Bid farewell • Escort • Dispatch • Send away ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /sɛnd ɒf/ Part of Speech: Verb Would you like to explore different uses of “send off” in formal or informal contexts?

Answer 33

Donate Explanation: To donate means to give something voluntarily, often for a charitable cause, without expecting anything in return. It usually refers to giving money, goods, or services to support a cause or help those in need. ⸻ Examples: 1. She decided to donate her old clothes to a local shelter. 2. Many people donate money to charities that support education. 3. The company donated a portion of its profits to environmental conservation. 4. He chose to donate his time to volunteer at the food bank. ⸻ Synonyms: • Give • Contribute • Offer • Present • Bestow ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /dəʊˈneɪt/ Part of Speech: Verb Would you like to explore how to organize or encourage donations for a specific cause?

Answer 34

End Up Explanation: End up is a phrasal verb that means to reach a final state or place, often unexpectedly or unintentionally. It’s used when something happens as a result of a process or series of events, especially when it’s not what was originally planned. ⸻ Examples: 1. We got lost and ended up in a completely different town. 2. He studied engineering but ended up becoming a musician. 3. If you keep driving too fast, you’ll end up getting a ticket. 4. She ended up staying at home instead of going to the party. 5. I never thought I’d end up working abroad. ⸻ Synonyms: • Turn out • Result in • Conclude • Wind up • Finish ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ɛnd ʌp/ Part of Speech: Phrasal verb Would you like help practicing sentences with “end up” in different tenses?

Answer 35

Eye-opening Explanation: Eye-opening is an adjective used to describe something surprising, enlightening, or revealing—especially when it changes the way you think or makes you aware of something you hadn’t realized before. ⸻ Examples: 1. The documentary about climate change was truly eye-opening. 2. Living in another country can be an eye-opening experience. 3. Her story about growing up in poverty was very eye-opening. ⸻ Synonyms: • Enlightening • Revealing • Illuminating • Shocking • Insightful ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈaɪˌəʊ.pən.ɪŋ/ Part of Speech: Adjective Would you like to learn how to use “eye-opening” in more formal writing?

Answer 36

Turn Around Explanation: Turn around is a phrasal verb with multiple meanings depending on the context. It can mean to physically change direction, to improve a situation, or to complete something quickly. ⸻ Examples: 1. She heard a noise and quickly turned around. (physical movement) 2. The new manager helped turn around the failing business. (improve a situation) 3. We can turn around your order in 24 hours. (complete quickly) ⸻ Synonyms: • Reverse • Improve • Recover • Shift • Resolve ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈtɜːn əˌraʊnd/ Part of Speech: Phrasal verb Would you like more examples in a business or everyday context?

Answer 37

Treble Explanation: Treble means three times as much or as many as something else. It can be used as a verb, noun, or adjective depending on the context: ⸻ As a verb: To increase or cause something to become three times as much. Examples: 1. They hope to treble their profits by next year. 2. The number of subscribers trebled in six months. 3. We need to treble production to meet demand. ⸻ As an adjective: Meaning “three times greater” or relating to the highest part in music. Examples: 1. The company made a treble increase in revenue. 2. She has a treble voice and sings in the choir. ⸻ As a noun: In music, it refers to the highest range of sound or the high-pitched part of harmony. Examples: 1. Turn up the treble and lower the bass. 2. The boy sang in the treble section of the choir. ⸻ Synonyms (verb/adjective): • Triple • Threefold • Increase three times • Multiply • Boost ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈtrɛbəl/ Part of Speech: • Verb • Adjective • Noun (musical context) Would you like help using “treble” in a business or musical context?

Answer 38

Satisfaction Explanation: Satisfaction is the feeling of pleasure or contentment you get when your needs, expectations, or desires are met or fulfilled. It can also refer to the act of fulfilling a requirement or settling a demand. ⸻ Examples: 1. She smiled with satisfaction after completing the project successfully. 2. Customer satisfaction is our top priority. 3. He received full satisfaction from the court’s decision. ⸻ Synonyms: • Contentment • Fulfillment • Pleasure • Gratification • Enjoyment ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to see how “satisfaction” is used in formal writing or business communication?

Answer 39

Lifelong Explanation: Lifelong is an adjective used to describe something that lasts for the whole of a person’s life or continues for a very long time. ⸻ Examples: 1. They formed a lifelong friendship in college. 2. She has been a lifelong supporter of environmental causes. 3. His lifelong dream was to become a pilot. ⸻ Synonyms: • Permanent • Enduring • Long-lasting • Constant • Lasting ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈlaɪf.lɒŋ/ Part of Speech: Adjective Would you like examples of how to use “lifelong” in a formal or professional context?

Answer 40

Carers Explanation: Carers are people who look after someone who is ill, elderly, or disabled. This care can be professional (paid workers) or informal (family members or friends providing support). ⸻ Examples: 1. Many carers provide full-time support to their elderly parents. 2. The hospital offers training programs for new carers. 3. She works as a professional carer in a nursing home. ⸻ Synonyms: • Caregivers • Attendants • Nurses • Helpers • Support workers ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈkeərəz/ (British) | /ˈkerərz/ (American) Part of Speech: Noun (plural of carer) Would you like to know more about the roles and responsibilities of carers?

Answer 41

Sclerosis Explanation: Sclerosis is a medical term that refers to the hardening of body tissues, usually due to inflammation, aging, or disease. It often affects organs, blood vessels, or the nervous system. ⸻ Examples: 1. Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the brain and spinal cord. 2. Arteriosclerosis is the sclerosis (hardening) of the arteries. 3. The scan revealed signs of sclerosis in the liver tissue. ⸻ Synonyms: • Hardening (in medical context) • Fibrosis • Calcification • Thickening • Stiffening ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /skləˈrəʊ.sɪs/ (British) | /skləˈroʊ.sɪs/ (American) Part of Speech: Noun Would you like an explanation of multiple sclerosis or other specific types of sclerosis?

Answer 42

Keep up Explanation: Keep up is a phrasal verb that means to maintain the same level or pace, to continue doing something, or to stay informed or updated. It’s often used in both physical and mental/emotional contexts. ⸻ Examples: 1. He walks so fast, I can’t keep up with him! 2. You need to keep up your good work to get promoted. 3. She reads the news daily to keep up with current events. ⸻ Synonyms: • Maintain • Continue • Stay level • Stay informed • Keep pace ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /kiːp ʌp/ Part of Speech: Phrasal verb Would you like examples of “keep up” in formal or business contexts?

Answer 43

Schoolwork Explanation: Schoolwork refers to the assignments, lessons, or studies that students are expected to complete as part of their education, either at school or at home. ⸻ Examples: 1. She stayed up late to finish her schoolwork. 2. Parents should support their children with their schoolwork. 3. Too much schoolwork can be stressful for young students. ⸻ Synonyms: • Homework • Assignments • Studies • Coursework • Lessons ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈskuːl.wɜːk/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like tips on how to manage schoolwork more effectively?

Answer 44

Signal (as a verb) Explanation: To signal means to communicate or indicate something using a gesture, action, sound, or sign. It can be used in both literal and figurative contexts. ⸻ Examples: 1. He signaled the driver to stop by raising his hand. 2. The referee signaled a foul by blowing the whistle. 3. Her silence signaled that something was wrong. 4. The company signaled its intent to expand into Asia. ⸻ Synonyms: • Indicate • Show • Gesture • Communicate • Notify ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈsɪɡ.nəl/ Part of Speech: Verb

Answer 45

Head back Explanation: Head back is a phrasal verb that means to return to a place, usually where you came from. It’s commonly used when someone is leaving to go back home, work, or another previous location. ⸻ Examples: 1. It’s getting late — we should head back home. 2. After lunch, they headed back to the office. 3. We’ll head back to the hotel after the concert. ⸻ Synonyms: • Return • Go back • Make one’s way back • Come back • Move back ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /hɛd bæk/ Part of Speech: Phrasal verb

Answer 46

Inspire Explanation: Inspire is a verb that means to motivate, encourage, or fill someone with the desire or confidence to do or feel something, especially something creative or positive. It can also refer to causing a certain emotion or idea. ⸻ Examples: 1. Her courage inspired me to face my own fears. 2. The teacher’s words inspired the students to work harder. 3. That book inspired him to become a writer. ⸻ Synonyms: • Motivate • Encourage • Influence • Stimulate • Uplift ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ɪnˈspaɪər/ Part of Speech: Verb

Answer 47

Astonishing Explanation: Astonishing is an adjective that describes something very surprising, amazing, or hard to believe—usually because it is impressive or unexpected. ⸻ Examples: 1. The team made an astonishing comeback in the final minutes. 2. Her ability to speak six languages is truly astonishing. 3. The view from the mountain was absolutely astonishing. ⸻ Synonyms: • Amazing • Stunning • Incredible • Startling • Extraordinary Eye-opening ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ Part of Speech: Adjective Would you like to see how “astonishing” differs from similar words like “amazing” or “shocking”?

Answer 48

Pledge (as a verb) Explanation: To pledge means to formally or seriously promise to do something, give something, or support a cause. It often involves a public or official commitment. ⸻ Examples: 1. The company pledged to reduce its carbon emissions by 50%. 2. She pledged never to reveal the secret. 3. The government pledged $10 million in aid to the flood victims. 4. He pledged his loyalty to the team. 5. They pledged to improve working conditions for employees. ⸻ Synonyms: • Promise • Vow • Commit • Swear • Guarantee ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /plɛdʒ/ Part of Speech: Verb

Answer 49

Nets and pesticide Explanation: These are two common methods used to protect people and crops from insects, especially mosquitoes that spread diseases like malaria. ⸻ Nets: Refers to insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs), which are hung over beds to physically block and kill mosquitoes during sleep. Example: • Sleeping under a mosquito net reduces the risk of malaria. ⸻ Pesticide: A chemical substance used to kill or repel pests, including insects that damage crops or transmit disease. Example: • Farmers spray pesticides to protect crops from insects. ⸻ Would you like to compare the environmental impacts of nets and pesticides?

Answer 50

Appeal (as a verb) Explanation: To appeal means to make a serious or urgent request, or to formally ask for a decision to be reviewed or reversed. It can also mean to attract or be interesting to someone. ⸻ Examples: 1. The organization appealed for more volunteers during the crisis. 2. She appealed to the manager for more time to complete the task. 3. He plans to appeal the verdict in a higher court. 4. The idea of working abroad really appeals to me. 5. They appealed to the public’s sense of justice. ⸻ Synonyms: • Request • Plead • Petition • Attract • Ask ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /əˈpiːl/ Part of Speech: Verb Would you like to see common collocations with “appeal”?

Answer 51

Deaf Explanation: Deaf is an adjective used to describe a person who is unable to hear or has a severe hearing impairment. It can also be used figuratively to mean ignoring or not responding to something. ⸻ Examples: 1. She was born deaf and uses sign language to communicate. 2. He became deaf in one ear after the accident. 3. The manager was deaf to the employees’ complaints. (figurative) ⸻ Synonyms: • Hearing-impaired • Unhearing • Unresponsive (figurative) • Inattentive (figurative) • Tone-deaf (in specific figurative or musical contexts) ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /dɛf/ Part of Speech: Adjective Would you like to learn some common phrases or idioms that include “deaf”?

Answer 52

Wrap in (phrasal verb) Explanation: To wrap in means to cover or enclose something or someone completely in a material or feeling. It can be used literally (covering with cloth, paper, etc.) or figuratively (surrounded by emotion, mystery, etc.). ⸻ Examples: 1. She was wrapped in a warm blanket. 2. The gift was wrapped in shiny paper. 3. His actions are wrapped in mystery. (figurative) 4. The mountain was wrapped in fog. 5. The boy stood silently, wrapped in his own thoughts. ⸻ Synonyms: • Enclose • Cover • Cloak • Shroud • Envelop ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ræp ɪn/ Part of Speech: Phrasal verb Would you like help forming more figurative sentences with “wrap in”?

Answer 53

Suspect (as a verb) Explanation: To suspect means to believe or think that something is true, often with a sense of doubt or uncertainty, or to believe someone is involved in something, typically something wrong or illegal. ⸻ Examples: 1. The detective suspects that the witness is hiding something. 2. I suspect she may not be telling the truth about her plans. 3. We suspected he was involved in the scandal, but had no proof. 4. The teacher suspects that some students are cheating during the exam. 5. She suspects the food might be spoiled after leaving it out for too long. ⸻ Synonyms: • Doubt • Think • Believe • Assume • Surmise ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /səˈspɛkt/ Part of Speech: Verb Would you like to explore how “suspect” is used in different tenses?

Answer 54

Suspect (as a verb) Explanation: To suspect means to believe or think that something is true, often with a sense of doubt or uncertainty, or to believe someone is involved in something, typically something wrong or illegal. ⸻ Examples: 1. The detective suspects that the witness is hiding something. 2. I suspect she may not be telling the truth about her plans. 3. We suspected he was involved in the scandal, but had no proof. 4. The teacher suspects that some students are cheating during the exam. 5. She suspects the food might be spoiled after leaving it out for too long. ⸻ Synonyms: • Doubt • Think • Believe • Assume • Surmise ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /səˈspɛkt/ Part of Speech: Verb

Answer 55

Subtropical Explanation: Subtropical refers to regions or climates that are located just outside the tropical zone. These areas experience mildly warm temperatures with distinct seasons, including a hot or warm summer and a cooler winter. ⸻ Examples: 1. Florida has a subtropical climate, with hot summers and mild winters. 2. Many subtropical regions grow citrus fruits like oranges and lemons. 3. The subtropical zone is ideal for growing crops like bananas and avocados. ⸻ Synonyms: • Near-tropical • Warm • Mild • Temperate (in some contexts) • Semi-tropical ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˌsʌbˈtrɒpɪkəl/ Part of Speech: Adjective Would you like to learn about specific plants or animals found in subtropical regions?

Answer 56

Lack (as a verb) Explanation: To lack something means to not have it, or to have less of it than needed or desired. It refers to the absence or shortage of something important or necessary. ⸻ Examples: 1. He lacks confidence when speaking in public. 2. They lacked the resources to complete the project. 3. The team lacks experience but works very hard. 4. She lacked the strength to continue. 5. This dish lacks flavor — it needs more spices. ⸻ Synonyms: • Be without • Miss • Need • Fall short of • Be deficient in ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /læk/ Part of Speech: Verb (also used as a noun) Would you like to see how “lack” works as a noun too?

Answer 57

Somebody that I used to know Explanation: This phrase refers to a person who was once close (a friend, partner, etc.) but is no longer part of your life, either emotionally or physically — now they feel like a stranger. ⸻ Examples: 1. After our breakup, he became just somebody that I used to know. 2. We were best friends in high school, but now she’s somebody I used to know. 3. That teacher I admired? He’s somebody I used to know — I haven’t seen him in years. ⸻ Synonyms (figurative): • Former acquaintance • Ex-friend • Old flame • Past companion • One-time partner ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈsʌmbədi ðæt aɪ ˈjuːst tə nəʊ/ Part of Speech: Phrase (informal, emotional) This phrase is famously used in Gotye’s song “Somebody That I Used to Know.” Would you like to explore its meaning in the song’s context?

Answer 58

Affordable Explanation: Affordable means something is reasonably priced and within one’s financial reach — you can buy or pay for it without too much difficulty. ⸻ Examples: 1. This apartment is affordable for young professionals. 2. We’re looking for affordable travel options. 3. The government plans to build affordable housing. ⸻ Synonyms: • Reasonable • Inexpensive • Budget-friendly • Economical • Low-cost مقرون بصرفه ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /əˈfɔː.də.bəl/ Part of Speech: Adjective Would you like examples related to affordable products or services?

Answer 59

Decency Explanation: Decency refers to behavior that is proper, respectful, and morally acceptable. It often reflects kindness, modesty, or socially appropriate conduct. ⸻ Examples: 1. He had the decency to apologize for his mistake. 2. Please show some decency and wait your turn. 3. They acted with decency even under pressure. ⸻ Synonyms: • Respectability • Civility • Modesty • Morality • Courtesy ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈdiː.sən.si/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to see idioms or phrases related to “decency”?

Answer 60

Common courtesy Explanation: Common courtesy refers to basic, polite behavior that is generally expected in social situations — such as saying “please,” “thank you,” or waiting your turn. It reflects respect and good manners. ⸻ Examples: 1. It’s just common courtesy to hold the door open for someone behind you. 2. He didn’t even say thank you — that’s a lack of common courtesy. 3. Responding to messages is common courtesy in a professional setting. ⸻ Synonyms: • Basic manners • Politeness • Civility • Respect • Social etiquette ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈkɒm.ən ˈkɜː.tə.si/ (British), /ˈkɑː.mən ˈkɝː.t̬ə.si/ (American) Part of Speech: Noun phrase Would you like examples of situations where common courtesy is especially important?

Answer 61

Infrastructure Explanation: Infrastructure refers to the basic physical and organizational structures and systems that a society or organization needs to operate — such as roads, bridges, water supply, electricity, and communication systems. ⸻ Examples: 1. The government invested heavily in transportation infrastructure. 2. Poor infrastructure can slow down economic growth. 3. The storm damaged the city’s power and water infrastructure. ⸻ Synonyms: • Facilities • Framework • Foundation • Systems • Base ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like examples of digital or organizational infrastructure as well?

Answer 62

Commodity Explanation: A commodity is a raw material or primary product that can be bought, sold, or traded, especially on a large scale. Common examples include oil, wheat, gold, and coffee. It can also mean something useful or valuable in a broader sense. ⸻ Examples: 1. Oil is one of the most traded commodities in the world. 2. The price of agricultural commodities like corn and soybeans is rising. 3. In today’s job market, time is a precious commodity. ⸻ Synonyms: • Product • Goods • Item • Material • Asset ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /kəˈmɒ.də.ti/ (British), /kəˈmɑː.də.t̬i/ (American) Part of Speech: Noun Would you like a list of the most common traded commodities?

Answer 63

Council Explanation: A council is a group of people who come together to make decisions, give advice, or manage something — often in government, education, or community organizations. ⸻ Examples: 1. The city council will vote on the new building project. 2. She’s a member of the student council at her school. 3. The United Nations Security Council held an emergency meeting. ⸻ Synonyms: • Committee • Board • Assembly • Panel • Advisory group ⸻ Phonetic Transcription: /ˈkaʊn.səl/ Part of Speech: Noun Would you like to see how “council” differs from “counsel”?

Lesson 2 Part 1 Flashcards

(89 cards)