Lesson 2 Part 2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
CCTV
CCTV
Explanation:
CCTV stands for Closed-Circuit Television, which refers to a surveillance system where video footage is transmitted to a limited set of monitors rather than being broadcast publicly. It is commonly used for security purposes in homes, businesses, or public places.
⸻
Examples:
1. The store has installed CCTV cameras for security.
2. The CCTV footage helped the police solve the case.
3. CCTV cameras are often placed in strategic locations around the city for monitoring.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Surveillance cameras
• Security cameras
• Closed-circuit cameras
• Video monitoring system
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ˌsiːˌsiːˌtiːˈviː/
Part of Speech: Noun (abbreviation)
Criminal
Criminal
Explanation:
A criminal is a person who commits a crime or engages in illegal activities. It can also refer to anything related to crime or wrongdoing.
⸻
Examples:
1. The police arrested the criminal after a long chase.
2. The city is working on programs to reduce criminal activity.
3. He was sentenced to five years in prison for his criminal actions.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Offender
• Lawbreaker
• Wrongdoer
• Delinquent
• Convict (when referring to someone convicted of a crime)
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/
Part of Speech: Noun (person) or Adjective (related to crime)
Deterrent
Deterrent to crime
Crime prevention
Deterrent
Explanation:
A deterrent is something that discourages or prevents a certain action or behavior, often by making it seem less appealing or more difficult to carry out.
⸻
Examples:
1. Strict laws act as a deterrent to crime.
2. High penalties for speeding are designed to be a deterrent to reckless driving.
3. The presence of security cameras serves as a deterrent to potential burglars.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Obstacle
• Hindrance
• Discouragement
• Prevention
• Blockage
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /dɪˈtɛr.ənt/
Part of Speech: Noun
Number plate recognition
Number Plate Recognition
Explanation:
Number Plate Recognition (NPR), also known as License Plate Recognition (LPR), is a technology used to automatically identify and read vehicle license plates through the use of optical character recognition (OCR) software. It is commonly used for vehicle tracking, law enforcement, and toll collection.
⸻
Examples:
1. The number plate recognition system helped identify the stolen car.
2. Traffic cameras equipped with number plate recognition can help monitor speed limits.
3. The city uses number plate recognition to manage parking fees.
⸻
Synonyms:
• License plate recognition
• Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR)
• Vehicle identification system
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ˈnʌmbər pleɪt rɪˈkəgnɪʃən/
Part of Speech: Noun phrase
Would you like to know how number plate recognition is What extent
Explanation:
The phrase “what extent” is used to ask about the degree, amount, or level of something. It often appears in formal questions or essays to explore how much or how far something is true, effective, or significant.
⸻
Examples:
1. To what extent do you agree with the statement?
2. Scientists are studying what extent climate change affects sea levels.
3. To what extent can technology replace human workers?
⸻
Synonyms / Similar phrases:
• How much
• How far
• To what degree
• To what level
• In what measure
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /wɒt ɪkˈstɛnt/
Part of Speech: Phrase (used in questions)
Authorities
Authority
Explanation:
Authority refers to the power or right to make decisions, give orders, or enforce obedience. It can also refer to a person or organization that holds such power or influence.
⸻
Examples:
1. The principal has the authority to make rules for the school.
2. The authority of the police was challenged during the protest.
3. You must follow the authority of the government to ensure safety.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Power
• Control
• Command
• Jurisdiction
• Influence
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ɔːˈθɒrɪti/ (British), /ɔːˈθɔːrɪti/ (American)
Part of Speech: Noun
Store (V)
Store (as a verb)
Explanation:
As a verb, store means to keep or save something for future use or to place something in a particular location for safekeeping or organization.
⸻
Examples:
1. I need to store my winter clothes until the next season.
2. The company stores its data in a secure database.
3. You should store your important documents in a safe place.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Save
• Keep
• Retain
• Preserve
• Stash
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /stɔːr/
Part of Speech: Verb
Indefinitely
Indefinitely
Explanation:
Indefinitely means for an unspecified or unlimited period of time, without a set end date or clear boundary.
⸻
Examples:
1. The meeting has been postponed indefinitely due to unforeseen circumstances.
2. He has been living in the city indefinitely while waiting for a permanent job.
3. The project will be put on hold indefinitely until more resources are available.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Indeterminately
• Unspecified
• For an unlimited time
• Eternally (in some contexts)
• Without end
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ɪnˈdɛfɪnətli/
Part of Speech: Adverb
Monitor
Monitor (as a verb)
Explanation:
As a verb, monitor means to observe, track, or keep watch over something or someone regularly or continuously, often to gather information or ensure everything is functioning correctly.
⸻
Examples:
1. The teacher monitors students’ progress throughout the semester.
2. The system automatically monitors the temperature in the building.
3. They monitored the patient’s heart rate closely during surgery.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Observe
• Watch
• Track
• Supervise
• Oversee
• Check
• Assess
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ˈmɒnɪtə/ (British), /ˈmɑːnɪtər/ (American)
Part of Speech: Verb
Appliance
Appliance
Explanation:
An appliance is a device or machine used to perform a specific household task or service, usually designed to make everyday tasks easier or more efficient.
⸻
Examples:
1. The kitchen appliance includes a refrigerator, oven, and microwave.
2. We need to buy a new washing appliance because the old one broke.
3. The store sells a variety of home appliances like vacuums and coffee makers.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Device
• Machine
• Instrument
• Equipment
• Gadget
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /əˈplaɪəns/
Part of Speech: Noun
Keep track of
Keep track of
Explanation:
Keep track of means to monitor, record, or stay aware of something so that you can follow its progress or changes over time.
⸻
Examples:
1. It’s important to keep track of your expenses to stay within your budget.
2. She always keeps track of her appointments using a digital calendar.
3. I can’t keep track of how many books I’ve read this year!
⸻
Synonyms:
• Monitor
• Record
• Follow
• Keep tabs on
• Stay updated on
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /kiːp træck ʌv/
Part of Speech: Verb phrase
Invasion
Invasion of privacy
Invasion
Explanation:
Invasion refers to the act of entering a place, especially a country or territory, by force with the intent to conquer or occupy it. It can also refer to an intrusion or encroachment into a space or situation.
⸻
Examples:
1. The invasion of Normandy during World War II was a significant event in history.
2. The sudden invasion of ants into the kitchen prompted a cleanup.
3. The country prepared its defenses against a potential invasion by foreign forces.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Attack
• Incursion
• Intrusion
• Occupation
• Conquest
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ɪnˈveɪʒən/
Part of Speech: Noun
Invasion of Privacy
Explanation:
Invasion of privacy refers to the violation of an individual’s right to keep their personal information, space, or activities private without unauthorized interference, scrutiny, or disclosure.
⸻
Examples:
1. Taking photos of someone without their consent is an invasion of privacy.
2. Sharing personal information without permission can lead to legal actions for invasion of privacy.
3. The company was sued for the invasion of privacy after it accessed employees’ private emails.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Breach of privacy
• Intrusion
• Interference
• Unauthorized access
• Privacy violation
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ɪnˈveɪʒən ʌv ˈpraɪvəsi/
Part of Speech: Noun phrase
Surveillance
Surveillance
Explanation:
Surveillance refers to the close observation or monitoring of individuals, groups, or activities, often by authorities or organizations, for the purpose of gathering information or ensuring security.
⸻
Examples:
1. The police have been conducting surveillance on the suspect for several weeks.
2. Surveillance cameras are installed in public areas to monitor for crime.
3. The company uses surveillance to monitor employee activities during work hours.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Monitoring
• Observation
• Supervision
• Watch
• Scrutiny
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /sərˈveɪləns/
Part of Speech: Noun
Unconsciously
Unconsciously
Explanation:
Unconsciously refers to something done without awareness or intent, often due to automatic or involuntary processes. It can also mean that an action occurs without being fully aware or without conscious thought.
⸻
Examples:
1. She was unconsciously tapping her foot to the music.
2. He unconsciously repeated the same mistake without realizing it.
3. They unconsciously mimic the speech patterns of those around them.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Involuntarily
• Automatically
• Unwittingly
• Without realizing
• Without intention
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ʌnˈkɒnʃəsli/
Part of Speech: Adverb
I would say
I would think
I would say
Explanation:
“I would say” is a common phrase used to express an opinion, suggestion, or estimation, often in a less direct or softer manner. It can imply a degree of uncertainty or a more personal perspective.
⸻
Examples:
1. I would say that the meeting was quite productive.
2. I would say it’s better to wait until tomorrow to make a decision.
3. I would say that’s the best option available, considering the circumstances.
⸻
Synonyms/Phrases with a similar meaning:
• In my opinion
• I think
• I believe
• From my perspective
• It seems to me
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /aɪ wʊd seɪ/
Part of Speech: Phrase (used in conversation)
Rob
Rob
Explanation:
Rob is a verb that means to steal from someone by using force, threat, or deceit. It usually refers to taking someone’s property illegally, often involving an act of violence or intimidation.
⸻
Examples:
1. The thief tried to rob the bank but was caught by the police.
2. He was robbed at gunpoint while walking home last night.
3. The robber robbed the jewelry store and escaped with expensive items.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Steal
• Mug
• Thieve
• Plunder
• Loot
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /rɒb/
Part of Speech: Verb
Survey
Questionnaire
Offensive vs defensive
Offensive vs Defensive
Offensive
Explanation:
Offensive refers to actions or behaviors that are aggressive, attacking, or intended to initiate conflict. It can also refer to things that are disrespectful or hurtful in nature.
⸻
Examples (adjective):
1. His offensive remarks upset everyone at the meeting.
2. The team played an offensive strategy to quickly score goals.
3. The offensive tactics involved striking first and fast.
Examples (noun):
1. The general launched an offensive against enemy forces.
2. The police are mounting an offensive against drug trafficking.
⸻
Synonyms for Offensive (Adjective):
• Aggressive
• Hostile
• Attacking
• Antagonistic
• Provocative
⸻
Defensive
Explanation:
Defensive refers to actions or behaviors that are protective, defending, or meant to resist attack or criticism. It can also describe something that is intended to prevent harm or danger.
⸻
Examples (adjective):
1. The player adopted a defensive position to protect the goal.
2. He became defensive when asked about the mistake he made.
3. The country’s defensive strategy focused on fortifying its borders.
Examples (noun):
1. The team focused on a strong defensive strategy to stop their opponents.
2. The soldiers prepared for a defensive stand against the invaders.
⸻
Synonyms for Defensive (Adjective):
• Protective
• Guarding
• Shielding
• Defensive-minded
• Resisting
⸻
Phonetic Transcription:
• Offensive: /əˈfɛnsɪv/
• Defensive: /dɪˈfɛnsɪv/
Part of Speech:
• Offensive: Adjective or Noun
• Defensive: Adjective or Noun
Patronize
Patronize
Explanation:
Patronize is a verb with two main meanings, depending on the context:
1. To support or be a regular customer of a business (neutral or positive meaning).
2. To treat someone in a condescending or superior way, as if they are less intelligent or capable (negative meaning).
⸻
Examples:
1. We always patronize local restaurants to support small businesses. (positive)
2. Don’t patronize me—I know exactly what I’m doing. (negative)
3. The artist was patronized by a wealthy collector who funded her work. (neutral/positive)
⸻
Synonyms:
(Positive sense):
• Support
• Frequent
• Sponsor
• Back
• Promote
(Negative sense):
• Talk down to
• Belittle
• Condescend
• Mock
• Humiliate
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ˈpætrənaɪz/ or /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/
Part of Speech: Verb
Autonomy
Autonomy
Explanation:
Autonomy is a noun that means the ability to make your own decisions without being controlled by anyone else. It can refer to personal independence or political self-governance.
⸻
Examples:
1. Children should be given some autonomy to make their own choices.
2. The region is seeking greater autonomy from the central government.
3. In the workplace, employees value autonomy in how they complete tasks.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Independence
• Self-rule
• Self-governance
• Freedom
• Sovereignty
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ɔːˈtɒnəmi/ (British) – /ɑːˈtɑːnəmi/ (American)
Part of Speech: Noun
Allocate
Allocate
Explanation:
Allocate is a verb that means to assign or distribute resources, time, or responsibilities for a specific purpose.
⸻
Examples:
1. The manager allocated tasks to each team member.
2. We need to allocate more funds to education.
3. Time was allocated for questions at the end of the meeting.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Distribute
• Assign
• Apportion
• Allot
• Designate
تخصیص دادن
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /ˈæləkeɪt/
Part of Speech: Verb
Consumerism
Consumerism
Explanation:
Consumerism is a noun that refers to the belief or practice of buying and consuming goods and services, often in large amounts. It can also describe a social and economic system where personal happiness is thought to depend heavily on material possessions.
⸻
Examples:
1. Modern advertising plays a major role in promoting consumerism.
2. Critics argue that consumerism leads to environmental damage and waste.
3. Consumerism has shaped many aspects of modern culture and identity.
⸻
Synonyms:
• Materialism
• Consumption culture
• Buying behavior
• Acquisition
• Commercialism
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /kənˈsjuːmərɪzəm/ (British) — /kənˈsuːmərɪzəm/ (American)
Part of Speech: Noun
What extent
What extent
Explanation:
The phrase “what extent” is used to ask about the degree, amount, or level of something. It often appears in formal questions or essays to explore how much or how far something is true, effective, or significant.
⸻
Examples:
1. To what extent do you agree with the statement?
2. Scientists are studying what extent climate change affects sea levels.
3. To what extent can technology replace human workers?
⸻
Synonyms / Similar phrases:
• How much
• How far
• To what degree
• To what level
• In what measure
⸻
Phonetic Transcription: /wɒt ɪkˈstɛnt/
Part of Speech: Phrase (used in questions)
