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Health Assessment LEC > Lesson 10 Neurological > Flashcards

Lesson 10 Neurological Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two regions of the Nervous System?

A
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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2
Q

*Control center of body

  • Covered and protected by scalp, skull, and meninges
  • Blood brain barrier
A

CNS - Brain

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3
Q

right and left hemispheres, frontal, parietal, occipital & temporal lobes

A

Cerebrum

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4
Q

What part of the brain regulates body temperature and sleep

A

Diencephalon

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5
Q

What are the organs containing the Diencephalon?

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

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6
Q

What part of the brain regulates position sense, posture & equilibrium/balance?

A

Cerebellum

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7
Q

What part of the brain regulates resp. & cardiac regulation, sneezing?

A

Brain Stem

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8
Q

What organs contain the brain stem?

A

medulla oblongata, pons & midbrain

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9
Q

What are the lobes of the Cerebrum?

A

Parietal, Temporal, Frontal and Occipital

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10
Q

What lobe contains the somatic sensory center?

A

Parietal

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11
Q

What lobe contains higher intellect, speech production, personality, behavior, emotions, voluntary movement

A

Frontal

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12
Q

What lobe contains hearing, memory, speech perception and translation?

A

Temporal

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13
Q

What lobe contains vision?

A

Occipital

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14
Q
  • Extends from medulla to the level of the first lumbar vertebra
  • Cord protected by vertebra, meninges and cerebral spinal fluid
  • Gray matter is on the inside and white matter on the outside
  • Mediates deep tendon reflexes
A

CNS - Spinal cord

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15
Q

What consists of the insides of the spinal cord?

A

Gray matter

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16
Q

What consists of the outside of the spinal cord?

A

White matter

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17
Q

Mediates deep tendon reflexes

A

CNS - Spinal cord

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18
Q

What nerves consists of the spinal roots?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar nerves

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19
Q

What type of roots is the posterior root?

A

Sensory

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20
Q

What type of roots is the anterior root?

A

Motor

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21
Q

What is the implication of a damage to the anterior spine?

A

flaccid paralysis

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22
Q

What is the implication of a damage to the posterior spine?

A

Loss of sensation

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23
Q

What links CNS with the rest of the body?

A

PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

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24
Q

How many pairs in the cervical nerve?

A

8 pairs ( C1-C8 )

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25
Q

How many pairs in the Thoracic nerve?

A

12 pairs ( T1-T12 )

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26
Q

How many pairs in the Lumbar nerve?

A

5 pairs ( L1-L5 )

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27
Q

How many pairs in the Sacral nerve?

A

5 pairs ( S1-S5 )

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28
Q

How many pair in the Coccygeal nerve?

A

1 pair ( Coccyx )

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29
Q

Rapid involuntary predictable motor response to a stimulus

A

Reflex

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30
Q

Is the reflex arc a dependent part of the brain?

A

No

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31
Q

What type of reflex exists in the Somatic reflex?

A

Skeletal muscle contraction

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32
Q

What type of reflex exists in the Autonomic reflex?

A

Cardiac, smooth muscle and glands

33
Q

Three basic types of neurologic examination?

A

a) Screening neurologic exam
b) Complete neurologic exam
c) Neurologic recheck exam

34
Q

What do you measure in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

Eye opening (E)
Verbal response (V)
Motor response (M)

35
Q

What do you evaluate in the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

a) Traumatic brain injury
b) altered mental status

36
Q

What is the Normal GCS score?

A

15

37
Q

What does a score of 13-15 in the GCS suggest?

A

Mild head injury

38
Q

What does a score of 9-12 in the GCS suggest?

A

Moderate head injury

39
Q

What does a score of 8 or less in the GCS suggest?

A

Severe head injury

40
Q

What are the abnormal patterns in fluency?

A

a) Aphonia/dysphonia
b) Cerebellar dysarthria

41
Q

What type of abnormal pattern consists of distorted speech sounds, may sound unintelligible, basic language intact?

A

Cerebellar dysarthria

42
Q

What type of abnormal pattern consists of distorted speech?

A

Aphonia/dysphonia

43
Q

Is a language disorder that makes it hard to read, write, and say what you mean?

A

Aphasia

44
Q

What type of Aphasia that understands, but cannot speak?

A

Broca’s (expressive)

45
Q

What type of Aphasia that is severe, absent/reduced speech, absent/reduced understanding?

A

Global

46
Q

What type of Aphasia that has the ability to express self, but cannot understand others?

A

Wernicke’s (receptive)

47
Q

What are the types of comatose posturing?

A

a) Decorticate Rigidity
b) Decerebrate Rigidity
c) Flaccid Quadriplegia
d) Opisthotonos

48
Q

What type of abnormality present in Decorticate Rigidity?

A

abnormal flexion

49
Q

What type of abnormality present in Decerebrate Rigidity?

A

abnormal extension

50
Q

What type of issue is related in Flaccid Quadriplegia?

A

nonfunctional brain stem

51
Q

What type of issue is related in Opisthotonos?

A

meningeal irritation

52
Q

is a term fora group of disorders that affect coordination, balance and speech.

A

Ataxia

53
Q

What type of test do you use for balance and coordination?

A

Romberg’s test

54
Q

What type of test do you use for gait and balance?

A

Heel-toe walk (Tandem test)

55
Q

Assess the patient’s ability to stand with the feet parallel and together with the eyes open and then close for 30 s ?

A

Romberg Test

56
Q

is agait(method of walking or running) where the toes of the first foot touch the heel of the next one at each step.

A

Tandem gait

57
Q

What type of Gait abnormality that has stroke, immobile arm against body, stiff/extended leg, toe drag?

A

Spastic hemiparesis

58
Q

What type of Gait abnormality that is the sudden, uncoordinated muscle movement due to disease or injury to the cerebellum?

A

Cerebellar Ataxia

59
Q

What type of Gait abnormality that is a brain disorder that causes unintended or uncontrolled movement, such as shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with balance and coordination?

A

Parkinsonian

60
Q

What type of Gait abnormality that is characterized by hypertonia and flexion in the legs, hips and pelvis accompanied by extreme adduction?

A

Scissors

61
Q

What type of Gait abnormality that is the inability to lift foot while walking?

A

Steppage/footdrop

62
Q

What type of Gait abnormality that is weakness in the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles?

A

Waddling

63
Q

In sensory assessment, what is (also termed superficial sensation): receptors in skin and mucous membranes?

A

Exteroceptive sensation

64
Q

In sensory assessment, what is (also termed deep sensation): receptors located in muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints?

A

Proprioceptive sensation

65
Q

In sensory assessment, what is the interpretative sensory functions that require analysis of individual sensory modalities by the parietal lobes to provide discrimination. Individual sensory modalities must be intact to measure cortical sensation?

A

Cortical sensation

66
Q
  • Client sitting
  • Eyes closed
  • “Say where you are touched.”
    Compare bilaterally, and distally to
    proximally.
A

Light Touch

67
Q
  • Close eyes
  • Strike fork & start on most distal bony prominence & work medially with neuropathy
  • Ask when do you feel the vibration start and when do you feel the vibration stop.
A

Vibratory Sensation

68
Q
  • Close eyes
  • Place object in hand
  • “Identify object.”
  • Test bilaterally with different objects.
    Note speed and accuracy
A

Stereognosis

69
Q

In stereognosis, what is the inability to identify object?

A

Astereognosis

70
Q
  • Close eyes
  • Draw letter or number on hand
  • “Identify figure.”
  • Test bilaterally
  • Note speed and accuracy
A

Graphesthesia

71
Q

What type of lobe is related to Graphesthesia?

A

Parietal lobe

72
Q

In Graphesthesia, what is the inability to identify figure?

A

Agraphesthesia

73
Q

What does having a 4+ in Reflex chart?

A

Hyperactive, commonly with clonus

74
Q

In reflex charting, what is the continued movement after stimulations removed?

A

Clonus

75
Q

In Meningeal Irritation, what is related to severe pain, spasms and resistance with gentle neck flexion?

A

Nuchal rigidity

76
Q

In Meningeal Irritation, what is related to thigh on abdomen, knee flexed to 90 degrees, resistance with pain?

A

Kernig’s sign

77
Q

In Meningeal Irritation, what is related to Chin to chest – involuntary hip flexion and pain?

A

Brudzinski’s sign

78
Q

What do you assess for increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A

a) Level of consciousness (LOC)
b) Motor function
c) Pupillary response
d) Vital signs

Health Assessment LEC (23 decks)

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