Lesson 22 detailed Flashcards
(80 cards)
Early in 1861, representitives from _______ states had seceded from the Union met to establish a new nation called the _________________________
- 6 of the 7.
- Confederate States of America
What were divided in certain Southern States?
Loyalties and Values
Which states voted to join the cofederacy? Which stayed loyal to the union?
Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina voted to join the Confederacy. The western counties of Virginia, however, remained loyal to the Union. They broke away to form a new state called West Virginia.
Why was the civil war the most painful kind of war?
Divided states, families, and friends.
How many volunteers did Aberham Lincoln call to come to preserve the Union?
75,000
Who was the newly elected president of the confederacy?
Jefferson Davis
What were the Northern Strengths?
(six)
- Populations was about 22 million compared to the souths 9 million.
- 90% of the nation’s manufacturing and most of its banks.
- Richer and more technologically advanced.
- More farms to provide food for troops.
- Most of coutries iron, coal, copper, and gold.
- Controlled the seas and its 21,000 miles of railroad track allowed troops and supplies to be transported wherever they were needed.
Weaknesses of the North
(one)
Military leadership: At the start of the war, ~1/3 of the nation’s military officers resigned and returned to their homes in the south.
Strengths of the South
- Military Leadership: Most of America’s best military officers were southerners who chose to fight for the confederacy.
- Could win by simply defending, due to large size, leading Northerners to get tired of fighting.
Weaknesses of the South
- If the Union gained control of the Mississippi River, it would divide the Confederacy in two.
- Economy: The region’s agriculture based economy could not support a long war.
- Few factories to produce guns and other military supplies.
- Transportations: Lacked railroads needed to haul troops and supplies over long distances.
What was the North’s greatest advantage?
Newly elected president: Aberham Lincoln, who never wavered from his belief that the Union was never to be broken.
Jefferson Davis
A U.S. senater from Mississippi and firm believer in states’ rights he resigned his seat in the Senate when Mississippi left the Union.
In the spring of 1861, President Lincoln and General ______________ planned the Union’s war strategy.
Winfield
What were Lincoln and Winfields’ strategy? What did Journalists call this strategy?
1) Surround the South by sea to cut off its trade.
2) Divide the Confederacy into sections to prevent one region from helping the other.
3) Capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the confederacy, and destroy the confederate government.
They called this the Anaconda Snake.
Rose O’Neal Greenhow
A young widow and Washington social leader
How did women support families during the Civil War?
They ran farms and businesses as men went off to war.
In what new roles did women serve in the military during the Civil War?
As messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, and spies.
Who was Rose Greenhow and what role did she play in the war?
A Confederate spy who smuggled military secrets despite being under guard.
What honor did Rose Greenhow receive after her spying activities?
She was welcomed as a hero by Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
What role did Dorothea Dix have in the war?
She was director of the Union army’s nursing service.
What strict requirements did Dorothea Dix set for Civil War nurses?
Nurses had to be over 30, plain, strong, and ready for hard work.
Why was Dorothea Dix called “Dragon Dix”?
Because of her tough rules for nurses.
How did Clara Barton support soldiers during the war?
She tended to wounded soldiers on battlefields.
What lasting impact did Clara Barton have after the war?
She founded the American Red Cross.
