TCI Lesson 23 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What was Presidential Reconstruction?
Under President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan, every Southern state rejoined the Union after it had (1) written a new constitution, (2) elected a new state government, (3) cancelled its war debts, (4) ratified the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, and (5) offically took back their act of secession.
What was Congressional Reconstruction?
Congressional Reconstruction began in 1866, when Republican leaders in Congress worked to give freed people the full rights of citizenship. Congress passed, and the states ratified, the Fourteenth Amendment, which gave citizenship to all people born in the United States and equal protection of the law to all.
What was Southern Reconstruction?
Under the Military Reconstruction Act, federal troops returned to the South in 1867 and began registering voters. New Southern voters helped former Union general Ulysses S. Grant become president. In 1869, Congress passed the Fifteenth Amendment, which protected the right of African American men to vote. Many black men were elected to state government offices during this third phase of Reconstruction.
What was the end of reconstruction?
White Southerners used legal means as well as violence to keep black men from voting or taking office. Reconstruction officially ended in 1877, when President Rutherford B. Hayes withdrew all remaining federal troops from the South once he took office after the disputed election of 1876.
What was reconstruction reversed?
After Reconstruction, African Americans lost educational and political gains. Many Southern states closed schools that had been opened to freed people. They also passed laws to keep black people from voting. Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision legalized many forms of discrimination against black people.
How did people respond to segregation?
Many African Americans responded to segregation by leaving the South. Many migrated to other parts of the United States. Those who remained in the South worked hard to improve their lives.
What was President Lincoln’s vision for peace after the Civil War?
A healing peace “with malice toward none, with charity for all,” focused on binding the nation’s wounds and caring for those affected by the war.
When and where was President Abraham Lincoln assassinated, and who became president after?
April 14, 1865, at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C.
Andrew Johnson became president after Lincoln since he was Lincoln’s VP.
What issues remained unresolved under President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan?
Who would control Southern state governments, whether freed people would have equal rights, and the relationship between freed people and former enslavers.
What did Reconstruction mean to many Republicans in Congress?
A complete remaking of the South based on equal rights and a free-labor economy.
How many African Americans were freed from slavery as a result of the Civil War?
Four million
What assistance did the Freedmen’s Bureau provide to freed people in the South?
The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, medical care, helped with wages and working conditions, distributed some land, and built schools for African Americans.
What were the purposes of the black codes passed by new state governments in the South?
Black codes aimed to limit the rights of freed people, help landowners find workers, and limit freed people to farming or domestic service.
What farming system emerged from the needs of both formerly enslaved people and former enslavers in the South?
Sharecropping (lead to TONS of debt, almost like slavery)
What did Southern Democrats call white men who voted Republican?
Southern Democrats scorned white men who voted Republican as scalawags, or worthless scoundrels
What did Southerners call Northerners who moved south after the war and why?
Southerners called Northerners who moved south after the war “carpetbaggers,” seeing them as fortune hunters exploiting the South’s misfortunes.
Who won the 1868 presidential election and how?
Ulysses S. Grant won the 1868 presidential election with the help of half a million black votes, despite Horatio Seymour winning a majority of white votes.
Briefly summarize the key events and challenges of the Reconstruction era in the South.
Reconstruction involved rebuilding Southern governments and infrastructure after the Civil War, with African Americans participating in politics and holding office. However, it faced resistance from white Southerners and ultimately ended due to violence and political maneuvering
What violent tactics were used against African Americans during Reconstruction?
White people formed secret societies like the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) to drive African Americans from political life. They used threats, beatings, tarring and feathering, and even murder.
What were the Enforcement Acts, and how did the federal government attempt to enforce them?
The Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 made it illegal to prevent another person from voting by bribery, force, or scare tactics. President Grant sent troops to enforce these acts, leading to arrests for violence against black people.
What did the Amnesty Act of 1872 do?
The Amnesty Act of 1872 allowed most former Confederates to vote once again.
What was the result of the 1876 election?
In the 1876 election, Samuel J. Tilden won a majority of popular votes and 184 electoral votes, while Rutherford B. Hayes received 165 electoral votes. Twenty electoral votes from four states were in dispute.
What were the terms of the Compromise of 1877?
The Compromise of 1877 involved Democrats accepting the electoral commission’s decision, allowing Hayes to become president, in return for Hayes withdrawing the remaining federal troops from Southern states.
In what ways did Southern Democrats reverse the gains made by freed people after the Civil War?
Southern Democrats cut spending on education, leading to school closures and fees. They also implemented poll taxes and literacy tests to restrict black citizens’ voting rights, using grandfather clauses to exempt white voters. Segregation was enforced through Jim Crow laws, separating black and white people in public life.
