Lesson 3

Question 1

axial skeleton

Answer 1

skull, vertebrae, ribs

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

limbs, pectoral girdle, and pelvic girdle

Question 3

what do bone markings indicate? (3)

Answer 3

1. where bones form joints
2. where ligaments attach
3. where blood vessels and nerves pass

Question 4

what do bones form joints with? (3)

Answer 4

1. other bones
2. muscles
3. tendons

Question 5

bone marking: tuberosity

Answer 5

large, rounded projection; may be roughened

Question 6

bone marking: crest

Answer 6

narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Question 7

bone marking: trochanter

Answer 7

very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
- only examples are on the femur

Question 8

bone marking: line

Answer 8

narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Question 9

bone marking: tubercle

Answer 9

small rounded projection or process

Question 10

bone marking: epicondyle

Answer 10

raised area on or above a condyle

Question 11

bone marking: spine

Answer 11

shape, slender, often pointed projection

Question 12

bone marking: process

Answer 12

any bony prominence

Question 13

bone marking: head

Answer 13

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Question 14

bone marking: facet

Answer 14

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Question 15

bone marking: condyle

Answer 15

rounded articular projection

Question 16

bone marking: ramus

Answer 16

armlike bar of bone

Question 17

bone marking: groove

Answer 17

furrow (groove or depression)

Question 18

bone marking: fissure

Answer 18

narrow, slitlike opening

Question 19

bone marking: foramen

Answer 19

round or oval opening through a bone

Question 20

bone marking: notch

Answer 20

indentation at the edge of a structure

Question 21

bone markings that are sites of muscle and ligament attachment (8)

Answer 21

tuberosity, crest, trochanter, line, tubercle, epicondyle, spine, process

Question 22

bone markings that help form joints (4)

Answer 22

head, facet, condyle, ramus

Question 23

bone markings that are for passage of blood vessels or nerves (4)

Answer 23

groove, fissure, foramen, notch

Question 24

bone marking: meatus

Answer 24

canal-like passageway

Question 25

bone marking: sinus

Answer 25

bone cavity filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane

Question 26

bone marking: fossa

Answer 26

shallow basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Question 27

two basic bone classes

Answer 27

compact and spongy/cancellous

Question 28

compact bone

Answer 28

smooth and homogenous

Question 29

spongy/cancellous bone

Answer 29

has small trabeculae (bars) and lots of space

Question 30

four major groups of bones

Answer 30

1. long bones 2. short bones 3. flat bones 4. irregular bones

Question 31

long bones

Answer 31

longer than they are wide, made mostly of compact bone ex. femur

Question 32

short bones

Answer 32

cube shaped, mostly spongy bone ex. tarsals/carpals

Question 33

flat bones

Answer 33

thin, two wafer-like layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between ex. skull

Question 34

irregular bones

Answer 34

irregular shaped bones ex. vertebrae

Question 35

long bone structures: epiphysis

Answer 35

end of bone (distal and proximal)

Question 36

long bone structures: periosteum

Answer 36

covers the bone; SHarpey's fibers from this penetrate the bone

Question 37

long bone structures: articular cartilage

Answer 37

covers epiphyseal surface instead of the periosteum

Question 38

long bone structures: epiphyseal plate

Answer 38

area of hyaline cartilage where longitudinal growth of bones occur - seen as epiphyseal line in adults

Question 39

long bone structures: endosteum

Answer 39

lines the shaft

Question 40

long bone structures: medullary cavity

Answer 40

hollow central interior, contains yellow bone marrow in adults, red bone marrow in infants

Question 41

long bone structures: yellow bone marrow

Answer 41

composed of adipose tissue (fat cells)

Question 42

long bone structures: red bone marrow

Answer 42

consists of immature red and white cells and stem cells, used to produce blood cells

Question 43

compact bone: osteon (Haversian system)

Answer 43

central canal and all concentric lamellae with Haversian/central canal in the center

Question 44

compact bone: Haversian/central canal

Answer 44

runs along the length of bone, carries blood, lymph vessels, and nerves

Question 45

compact bone: canaliculus/canaliculi

Answer 45

ting canals radiating outward from the central canal; they connect at the central canal to small chambers in the lamellae called lacunae

Question 46

compact bone: osteocytes

Answer 46

mature bones cells found inside lacunae

Question 47

compact bone: lacunae

Answer 47

small chambers that 'house' mature bone cells

Question 48

compact bone: perforating/Volkmann's canals

Answer 48

canals that run into compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum

Question 49

bone disorder: shin splints

Answer 49

- dull ache in shin - pain is classified as medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) and the pain is caused by: inflammation of the periosteum or of the perforating fibers - contributing factors include: mechanical factors, flat feet, inversion of feet with impact exercises

Question 50

skeletal cartilage: articular

Answer 50

covers bone ends of movable joints

Question 51

skeletal cartilage: costal

Answer 51

connecting ribs to sternum

Question 52

skeletal cartilage: laryngeal

Answer 52

construct the larynx

Question 53

skeletal cartilage: tracheal and bronchial

Answer 53

reinforce passageways of the respiratory system

Question 54

skeletal cartilage: nasal

Answer 54

supports the nose

Question 55

skeletal cartilage: intervertebral discs

Answer 55

cushion bones of the spine

Question 56

three main types of cartilage

Answer 56

1. hyaline 2. elastic 3. fibrocartilage

Question 57

hyaline cartilage

Answer 57

found in nasal, articular, costal, tracheal/bronchial - most skeletal cartilages are composed of this type

Question 58

elastic cartilage

Answer 58

only found in external ear and epiglottis

Question 59

fibrocartilage

Answer 59

found in cartilage at knee joint, pubic symphysis, intervertebral

Question 60

Identify the types of bones and cartilage. Then, name cartilage after their locations.

Answer 60

Question 61

Identify all the portions of the compact bone.

Answer 61

Question 62

Identify all the portions of the long bone.

Answer 62

Question 63

What type of bone are these?

Answer 63

Irregular, vertebrae

Question 64

What type of bones are these?

Answer 64

Flat, skull

Question 65

What type of bones are these?

Answer 65

short bones, tarsals

Question 66

What types of bones are these?

Answer 66

Long bones, femur

Question 67

articular

Answer 67

of, at, or relating to the joints of the body