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Anatomy and Physiology I Lab > Lesson 5 > Flashcards

Lesson 5 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

the vertebral column consists of _____ vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs composed of _____

A

24, fibrocartilage

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2
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: body

A

small, wide side to side

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3
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: spinous process

A

short; bifid; projects directly posteriorly

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4
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: vertebral foramen

A

triangular

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5
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: transverse process

A

contains foramina

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6
Q

regional characteristics - cervical: superior and inferior articulating processes

A

superior facets directed superoposteriorly
inferior facets directed inferoanteriorly

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7
Q

regional characteristics - cervical vertebra: movements allowed

A
  • flexion and extension
  • lateral flexion
  • rotation
  • spine region with the greatest range of movement
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8
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic: body

A

larger than cervical; heart shaped; bears costal facets

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9
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic: spinous process

A

large, sharp, projects inferiorly

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10
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic vertebra: vertebral foramen

A

circular

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11
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic: transverse processes

A

have costal facets for ribs

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12
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic: superior and inferior articulating processes

A

superior facets directly posteriorly
inferior facets directed anteriorly

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13
Q

regional characteristics - thoracic vertebra: movements allowed

A
  • rotation
  • lateral flexion is possible, but restricted by the ribs
  • flexion and extension limited
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14
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar vertebra: body

A

massive, kidney shaped

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15
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: spinous process

A

short, blunt; projects directly posteriorly

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16
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: vertebral foramen

A

triangular

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17
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: transverse process

A

thin and tapered

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18
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: superior and inferior articulating processes

A

superior facets directed posteromedially
inferior facets directed anterolaterally

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19
Q

regional characteristics - lumbar: movements allowed

A
  • flexion and extension
  • some lateral flexion
  • rotation prevented
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20
Q

cervical curvature

A

C1 - C7

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21
Q

thoracic curvature

A
  • convex
  • T1 - T12
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22
Q

lumbar curvature

A

concave
- L1 - L5

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23
Q

sacral curvature

A

convex
- five fused vertebrae just above the coccyx

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24
Q

coccyx

A

four fused vertebrae at the very bottom of the spine

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25
C1 vertebrae
atlas - lacks body and spinous process allowing the head to nod
26
C2 vertebrae
axis - has dens for head rotation
27
dens/odontoid process
for head rotation - a nob like process between the superior articular facets
28
C1 - C7 distinguishing features (3)
- triangular vertebral foramen - transverse processes contain foramen/foramina for vertebral arteries traveling to the brain - C7 is a landmark for counting vertebrae
29
vertebra prominens
C7 vertebrae
30
Label this figure.
31
T1 - T12 distinguishing features (4)
- heart shaped body - small articular surfaces/costal facets articulates with head of rib - round/oval vertebral foramen - transverse costal facets articulate with rib tubercles
32
Label this figure
33
L1 - L5 distinguishing features (5)
- block-like body and short, thick spinous process - superior articulating process pointing posteromedial - inferior articular process pointing anterolateral - spinal cord ends at superior area of L2 - spinal/lumbar 'tap' is performed between L3/L4 or L4/L5 to minimize injury to spinal cord (also epidurals)
34
Label this figure.
35
intervertebral foramen
a foramen between the inferior notch of a superior vertebra and the superior notch of an inferior vertebral where nerves enter and exit the spinal cord
36
sacrum prominent features (5)
- sacral promontory - median sacral crest - ala - transverse ridges - anterior/posterior sacral foramina
37
sacral promontory
the superior facet of the sacral that connects to the superior vertebrae
38
median sacral crest
bumps on the posterior of the sacral, gives it the "spine" look
39
ala
on either side of the sacral promontory; looks like the 'wings' of the sacral
40
transverse ridges
on the anterior of the sacral, show divisions between fused vertebrae
41
anterior/posterior sacral foramina
foramen (holes) that line either side of the sacral
42
how is the coccyx attached to the sacral?
ligaments
43
spinal curvatures: primary curvatures
- present at birth - thoracic and sacral
44
spinal curvatures: secondary curvatures
- develop after birth - cervical and lumbar curvatures
45
the cervical curvatures allows a baby to do what?
hold up its head
46
the lumbar curvature allows a baby to do what?
walk
47
abnormal curvatures: scoliosis
lateral thoracic spine curvature
48
abnormal curvatures: kyphosis
excessive posterior thoracic curvature
49
abnormal curvatures: lordosis
excessive lumbar curvature
50
the thorax is composed of three main sections
1. sternum 2. ribs 3. thoracic vertebrae
51
sternum
- attaches to the first seven pairs of ribs - a fusion of three bones
52
sternum: manubrium
articulates with the clavicle; portion just under the jugular notch
53
sternum: gladiolus
body, bulk of the sternum
54
sternum: xiphoid process
located at the inferior end, made of hyaline cartilage in children, usually ossified in adults (bottom of the sternum)
55
three important sternal landmarks
1. jugular notch 2. sternal angle 3. xiphisternal joint
56
sternum: jugular notch
at the level of the third thoracic vertebra, the superior portion of the sternum
57
stenum: sternal angle
at the level of the 2nd and 5th thoracic vertebrae; connects the manubrium to the sternal body
58
stenum: xiphisternal joint
at the level of the diaphragm and 9th thoracic vertebra; connects the xiphoid process to the sternal body
59
vertebrosternal ribs
true ribs - attach to the sternum through their own costal cartilage
60
vertebrochondral ribs
false ribs - 8-10 attach to the sternum through the costal cartilage of rib 7 - 11/12 are floating ribs and do not attach to the sternum

Anatomy and Physiology I Lab (14 decks)

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