Lesson 8

Question 1

muscles can be classified by their _____

Answer 1

function

Question 2

muscle classification: agonists

Answer 2

prime moves, primarily responsible for producing a particular movement

Question 3

muscle classification: antagonists

Answer 3

oppose, restrict, or reverse a movement

Question 4

muscle classification: synergists

Answer 4

aid the action of agonists

Question 5

muscle classification: ficators

Answer 5

specialize synergists that immobilize the origin of the agonist muscle so all tension is exerted at the insertion

Question 6

muscles are named on the basis of these 7 things

Answer 6

1. direction of the fibers
2. relative size
3. location
4. number of origins
5. location of the origin/insertion
6. shape of the muscle
7. action of the muscle

Question 7

head and neck: epicranius frontalis

Answer 7

epicranius frontal belly
- origin: epicranial aponeurosis
- insertions: skin of the eyebrows and root of the nose

Question 8

head and neck: epicranial aponeurosis

Answer 8

area between the frontal belly and occipital belly of the epicranius

Question 9

head and neck: epicranius occipitalis

Answer 9

epicranius occipital belly
- origins: occipital and temporal bones
- insertion: epicranial aponeurosis

Question 10

head and neck: orbicularis oculi

Answer 10

close eyes and pull down the eyebrows

Question 11

head and neck: orbicularis oris

Answer 11

close or protrude lips

Question 12

head and neck: masseter

Answer 12

closes the jaw
- origins: zygomatic arch and maxilla
- insertions: the angle and ramus of the mandible

Question 13

head and neck: temporalis

Answer 13

closes the jaw
- located on the temporal bone

Question 14

head and neck: platysma

Answer 14

opens the jaw and pulls the lower lip down
- origin: over the pectoral muscles
- insertions: lower margin of the mandible, skin, and muscles at the mouth center

Question 15

head and neck: sternocleidomastoid

Answer 15

neck flexion and head rotation towards the shoulder
- origins: manubrium of the sternum and the medial portion of the clavicle
- insertions: mastoid process of the temporal bone, and superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

Question 16

head and neck: digastric anterior belly

Answer 16

opens jaw and elevates the hyoid bone
- origins: lower margin of the mandible and mastoid process
- insertion: connective tissue loop of the hyoid bone
portion of the muscle that is medial

Question 17

head and neck: digastric posterior belly

Answer 17

opens the jaw and elevates the hyoid bone
- origins: lower margin of the mandible and mastoid process
- insertion: connective tissue loop of the hyoid bone
portion of the muscle that is lateral

Question 18

head and neck: mylohyoid

Answer 18

elevates the hyoid bone and the base of the tongue
deep to the digastric muscle

Question 19

head and neck: sternohyoid

Answer 19

depresses the larynx and hyoid bone
inferior to the hyoid bone

Question 20

anterior thorax and shoulder: deltoid

Answer 20

abducts the arm, flexes/extends/rotates the humerus

Question 21

anterior thorax and shoulder: pectoralis major

Answer 21

adducts and rotates medially the arm and pulls the chest upward for inhalation
- origins: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, and the aponeurosis of the external obliques
- insertions: short tendons into the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 22

anterior thorax and shoulder: pectoralis minor

Answer 22

moves the scapular in the anterior/inferior movements and raises the ribs during inhalation

Question 23

anterior thorax and shoulder: serratus anterior

Answer 23

fixes the scapula for arm abduction, essential for raising the arm, and pulls the scapula anteriorly/inferiorly

Question 24

abdominal wall: rectus abdominis

Answer 24

flexes the vertebral column, depresses the ribs, and compresses the abdomen during exhalation
- origins: pubic crest and symphysis
- insertions: xiphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
deep to the external oblique

Question 25

abdominal wall: external oblique

Answer 25

flexes the vertebral column, depresses the ribs, rotates the trunk, and compresses the abdomen during exhalation

Question 26

abdominal wall: internal oblique

Answer 26

flexes the vertebral column, depresses the ribs, rotates the trunk, and compresses the abdomen during exhalation deep to external obliques

Question 27

abdominal wall: transversus abdominis

Answer 27

compresses the abdomen during exhalation deep to internal obliques and rectus abdominis

Question 28

posterior trunk: trapezius

Answer 28

extends the head, adducts the scapula and lateral clavicle

Question 29

posterior trunk: latissimus dorsi

Answer 29

extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

Question 30

upper arm: triceps brachii - posterior compartment

Answer 30

lateral, long, and medial head extends the forearms

Question 31

upper arm: biceps brachii - anterior compartment

Answer 31

flex the forearm - origins: short head - coracoid process; long head - intertubercular sulcus and within the capsule of the shoulder joint - insertion: radial tuberosity

Question 32

upper arm: brachioradialis - anterior compartment

Answer 32

flexes the forearm

Question 33

upper arm: brachialis - anterior compartment

Answer 33

flexes the forearm

Question 34

forearm: pronator teres - anterior compartment

Answer 34

pronates and weakly flexes the arm

Question 35

forearm: flexor carpi radialis - anterior compartment

Answer 35

flexes the hand at the wrist - origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus - insertions: palmar aponeurosis, skin, and fascia of the palm

Question 36

forearm: flexor carpi ulnaris - anterior compartment

Answer 36

flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist

Question 37

forearm: extensor carpi radialis - posterior compartment

Answer 37

longus and brevis extends and abducts the hand at the wrist

Question 38

forearm: extensor digitorum - posterior compartment

Answer 38

extends fingers and hand at the wrist - origins: lateral epicondyle of the humerus - insertions: by four tendons in the distal phalanges of fingers 2-5

Question 39

forearm: extensor carpi ulnaris - posterior compartment

Answer 39

extends and adducts the hand at the wrist

Question 40

anterior and medial thigh: iliopsoas

Answer 40

flexes the trunk and thigh at the hip

Question 41

anterior and medial thigh: sartorius

Answer 41

flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh - origins: anterior superior iliac spine - insertion: by aponeurosis into the medial aspect of the proximal tibia

Question 42

anterior and medial thigh: medial compartment - adductor group

Answer 42

adduct, flex, and medially rotates the thigh

Question 43

adductor group (3)

Answer 43

- adductor magnus - adductor longus - adductor brevis

Question 44

anterior and medial thigh: medial compartment - pectineus

Answer 44

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh

Question 45

anterior and medial thigh: medial compartment - gracilis

Answer 45

adducts, flexes, and medially rotates the thigh

Question 46

anterior and medial thigh: anterior compartment - quadriceps femoris

Answer 46

extends the lower leg at the knee and flexes the thigh - origins: anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum - insertions: tibial tuberosity and patella

Question 47

parts of quadriceps femoris

Answer 47

rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus intermedius vastus medialis

Question 48

anterior and medial thigh: anterior compartment - tensor fasciae latae

Answer 48

flex, abduct, and medially rotates the thigh

Question 49

hip and posterior thigh: gluteus maximus

Answer 49

laterally rotates, abducts, and extends the thigh - origins: dorsal ilium, sacrum, and coccyx - insertions: gluteal tuberosity of the femur and iliotibial tract

Question 50

hip and posterior thigh: gluteus medius

Answer 50

abducts and medially rotates the thigh

Question 51

hip and posterior thigh: posterior compartment - biceps femoris

Answer 51

extends the thigh, laterally rotates the leg, and flexes the knee long and short heads

Question 52

hip and posterior thigh: posterior compartment - semitendinosus

Answer 52

extends the thigh, medially rotates the leg, and flexes the knee

Question 53

hip and posterior thigh: posterior compartment - semimembranosus

Answer 53

extends the thigh, medially rotates the leg, and flexes the knee

Question 54

lower leg: lateral compartment - fibularis longus

Answer 54

plantar flex and everts foot - origins: head and upper portion of the fibula - insertions: by long tendon under the foot to metatarsal 1 and medial cuneiform

Question 55

lower leg: anterior compartment - tibialis anterior

Answer 55

dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

Question 56

lower leg: anterior compartment - extensor digitorum longus

Answer 56

dorsiflexes the foot and extends the toes

Question 57

lower leg: posterior compartment - triceps surae

Answer 57

plantar flexes the foot - origins: by two heads from the medial and lateral condyles of the femur - insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 58

the triceps surae is composed of...

Answer 58

gastrocnemius lateral and medial head soleus

Question 59

lower leg: posterior compartment - flexor digitorum longus

Answer 59

flexes toes, plantar flexes, and inverts foot