Lipids

Question 1

A group of heterogenous biomolecules that are insoluble in water and soluble in non-polar solvents

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Monocarboxylic acids that contain long, unbranched hydrocarbon chains, usually 12 to 25 carbons in length

Answer 2

Fatty acid

Question 4

Smallest fatty acid

Answer 4

butanoic acid (4 carbons)

Question 5

no double bonds

Answer 5

Saturated FA

Question 6

has one double bond

Answer 6

Monounsaturated FA

Question 7

has two or more double bonds

Answer 7

Polyunsaturated FA

Question 8

Fatty Acid Formula

Answer 8

Condensed and Line-bond formula

Question 9

mammals cannot synthesize
• Eg. Omega-3 and Omega-6

Answer 9

fatty acids

Question 10

Produce fatty acid salts upon treatment with base

Answer 10

Saponifiable Lipids

Question 11

Esters of glycerol and fatty acids

Answer 11

Triacyglycerols/Triglycerides

Question 12

TAGs that contain high percentage of SATURATED fatty acids

• SOLID at RT

Answer 12

FATS

Question 13

Usually coming from animal sources

Answer 13

FATS

Question 14

TAGs that contain high percentage of UNSATURATED fatty acids

• LIQUID at RT

Answer 14

OILS

Question 15

Usually coming from plant sources

Answer 15

OILS

Question 16

Common constituents of cell membranes

• A triester in which
• First two (2) ―OH groups of glycerol are ESTERIFIED WITH FATTY ACIDS (need not to be identical)

• Third ―OH group esterified with A PHOSPHATE
GROUP that is in turn esterified to an alcohol

Answer 16

Glycerophospholipids

Question 17

have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Answer 17

Amphiphatic compounds

Question 18

Derivatives of ceramide

Answer 18

Sphingophospholipids

Question 19

Sphingophospholipids

usually esterified with the ―OH group on the terminal carbon

Answer 19

polar group

Question 20

Esters formed from fatty acids and long-chain
monohydric alcohols

Answer 20

Waxes

Question 21

Can be found on: Leaf surfaces, Feathers of birds, hair

Answer 21

Waxes

Question 22

prevents excessive water loss and water absorption which can lead to leaf dissolution

Answer 22

Leaf surfaces

Question 23

contain monosaccharides bonded to the ―OH
group of ceramide through a glycosidic bond

Answer 23

Glycolipids

Question 24

present in the brain and myelin sheath of the nerves

Answer 24

Glycolipid

Question 25

Sugar is either

Answer 25

galactose or glucose

Question 26

Sugar moiety can be more than one

Answer 26

monosaccharides, disaccharides or trisaccharides

Question 27

Lipids containing the STEROID NUCLEUS which is a fused structure of four rings

Answer 27

Cholesterol • Bile salts • Hormones • Vitamin D

Question 28

Most abundant steroid in the body • Can be synthesized in the liver and obtained from diet

Answer 28

Cholesterol

Question 29

Synthesized from cholesterol and released by the gall bladder

Answer 29

Bile Salts

Question 30

Emulsify fats and oils to give a greater surface area for lipid digesting enzymes

Answer 30

Bile Salts

Question 31

Signaling molecules derived from C20 essential fatty acids

Answer 31

Eicosanoids

Question 32

Act a messengers in the central nervous system (3)

Answer 32

Eicosanoids • Prostaglandins • Thromboxanes • Leukotrienes

Question 33

Function in the regulation of contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissues

Answer 33

Prostaglandins

Question 34

Promote formation of blood clots

Answer 34

Thromboxanes

Question 35

Signaling lipids for inflammatory and hypersensivity responses

Answer 35

Leukotrienes

Question 36

Hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon derivatives constructed from recurring ISOPRENE UNITS

Answer 36

Terpenes

Question 37

Responsible for the scents and tastes of plant products

Answer 37

Terpenes

Question 38

Chemicals secreted by insects and animals to transmit messages to other members of the species

Answer 38

Pheromones

Question 39

Long chain alkenes with oxygen-containing functional group

Answer 39

Pheromones

Question 40

part of the visual pigment

Answer 40

Vitamin A

Question 41

an antioxidant

Answer 41

Vitamin E

Question 42

A blood clotting factor

Answer 42

Vitamin K1

Question 43

Calcium metabolism and bone growth

Answer 43

Vitamin D2