Loire Flashcards
(199 cards)
1
Q
Which was the main grape in Sancerre prior phylloxera?
A
phylloxera first identified, in 1877
Pinot Noir
2
Q
Which is the percentage of organic and sustainable vineyards in Loire?
A
About 30% of Loire Valley vineyards are now either sustainably or organically farmed
3
Q
Many of the best-known Loire appellations were defined in?
A
1936
including Muscadet, Vouvray, Bourgueil, Chinon, and Saumur
4
Q
The Loire has five IGPs for wine (and one for Calvados), of which the most important by far is?
A
Val de Loire
(The Loire’s other IGPs are Côtes de la Charité, Coteaux de Tannay, Coteaux du Cher et de l’Arnon, and Puy de Dôme)
5
Q
Val de Loire covers which styles?
A
Reds, whites, and rosés are made under the Val de Loire banner, and almost all are single-variety wines
90h/l permitted
6
Q
Loire Valley hectares?
A
56,900 hectares of vines, an area larger than the entire Austrian or New Zealand vineyard.
7
Q
The basis of the soils of Muscadet and other appellations of the Nantais region and the western half of Anjou, including Savennières is known as?
A
Anjou Noir (black Anjou) because of the dark soils that characterize the Armorican Massif. Granite, gneiss, multicolored schist, slate, and pudding stones are found here.
8
Q
Soils of Anjou and Touraine?
A
The more recent, shallow seas that receded to leave soils based on soft, chalky Cretaceous limestone are easily visible today in the houses, castles, and cellars of the lower Loire
9
Q
Soils of Central Vineyards?
A
The seas were deeper here, however, and these older soils (from the Jurassic period) are frequently characterized by the presence of tiny fossils. The Kimmeridgian clays found in Sancerre continue to the vineyards of Chablis
Flint in Pouilly Fume and St Andelain
10
Q
Name the tributaries of Loire River
A
Maine, Sèvre, Vienne, Indre, Allier, Loir, Layon, Thouet, or Cher
11
Q
Sauvignon Blanc is prone to?
A
powdery mildew
small-berried, tightly packed bunches make it susceptible to botrytis, and wood diseases including Eutypa dieback and esca
12
Q
Chenin Blanc grows in which regions of Loire?
A
The grape plays a key role in Anjou-Saumur, where its best-known incarnation is in the small but significant appellation of Savennières, and in the eastern slice of the Touraine region, where the Vouvray and Montlouis-sur-Loire appellations champion this versatile variety.
13
Q
Name the synonims of Chenin Blanc
A
Pineau de la Loire and Pineau d’Anjou
14
Q
Wines from Auvergne must be?
A
100% Chardonnay
15
Q
Folle Blanche is also called?
A
Gros Plant
16
Q
Name an appellation dedicated to Folle Blanche
A
Gros Plant du Pays Nantais
17
Q
Cour-Cheverny AOC main grape?
A
Romorantin
18
Q
Chasselas is produced in?
A
Pouilly-sur-Loire
19
Q
What is Malvoise?
A
semisweet wine in the Coteaux d’Ancenis appellation, east of Nantes from Pinot Gris
20
Q
Reuilly makes vin gris from?
A
Pinot Gris
21
Q
Cabernet Franc is known also as?
A
Rabelais was the first to mention the red grape in the Loire, in 1534, under the name of Breton
22
Q
Where do we found Cabernet Franc?
A
The variety is at home in the Saumur region as well as the western half of Touraine, particularly the appellations of Chinon, Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil, and Bourgueil. There are also plantings on the schist soils of Anjou, where it can be blended with Cabernet Sauvignon. It may also be found in a blend with Côt (Malbec) or Gamay in Touraine.
23
Q
Which is the second most planted red grape in Loire?
A
Gamay
24
Q
On its own, Gamay is used to make pale, delicate wines which appellations?
A
Coteaux d’Ancenis appellation, sometimes with a small amount of Cabernet Franc
In Anjou and Touraine, too, some Gamay is vinified alone to make Anjou or Touraine Gamay
In the Côtes d’Auvergne, Gamay and Pinot Noir combine to produce easy-drinking reds and rosés
The Loire’s most exciting Gamay wines come from the appellations where the variety is the only one permitted for reds and rosés: the Côte Roannaise and Côtes du Forez
25
The major appellations for Pineau d’Aunis are ?
Coteaux du Vendômois and Coteaux du Loir, where the grape is used to produce red and rosé wines.
26
Malbec synonim?
Côt
27
Which is the largest appellation in the Loire?
Muscadet
28
Name the AOCs of Muscadet
Muscadet AOC
Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu
29
Name the other appellations in the Nantais
Coteaux d’Ancenis
Gros Plant du Pays Nantais
Fiefs Vendéens
30
Muscadet AOC allows a 10%
Melon B: up to 10% Chardonnay
31
Soils of Muscadet?
a highly complex and varied mixture of igneous and metamorphic rocks, including gneiss, granite, gabbro, amphibolite, mica schist, and many others.
32
Muscadet yields?
70h/l and 55 for the others
33
Name the crus of Muscadet
The first crus—Clisson, Gorges, and Le Pallet—were approved in 2011
A further four—Goulaine, Château Thébaud, Monnières-Saint-Fiacre, and Mouzillon-Tillières in 2019
Vallet, Champtoceaux, La Haye fouassiere
45hl/ha
34
The crus Goulaine and Le Pallet must stay on lees until?
April 1 of the second year following harvest; the other approved crus must age for at least an additional six months, until October 1 of the second year after harvest.
35
A wine to be labeled sur lie?
between March 1 and November 30 of the year following the harvest
it must spend no more than one winter on lees and may not be bottled before March 1 of the year following fermentation, which equates to between 5 and 14 months of aging.
36
Who is the winemaker of Domaine de l'Ecu?
Guy Bossard
37
Clisson ageing requirements, soils and style?
Ample, powerful, concentrated and full-bodied, generally exhibit higher levels of alcohol. Produced from extremely ripe grapes, they require very long maturing, from twenty-four to thirty-six months.
In southern part of the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine appellation. soils of sand and pebbles that offer excellent drainage and low fertility. The subsoil is mostly composed of identical “Clisson granite” parent rock
Domaine de la Pèpiere and CHÉREAU-CARRÉ
are notable producers
Considered the best cru
38
Gorge ageing requierments, soils and style?
The wines of Gorges are characterized by their long, lingering finish. They deliver tension on the palate and aromas of menthol, lemon, smoke and even flint, sometimes with notes of citrus fruit and zest. Somewhat muted when young, the wines of Gorges require long maturing—twenty-four to forty months—to fully reveal their potential.
Gorges is characterized by deep soils of decomposed clay and clay with quartz pebbles with medium to high fertility, beneath which lies a homogenous subsoil mostly composed of gabbro ( cooled lava and can be dark -- even green).
39
Le Pallet ageing requirements, soils and style?
The wines of Le Pallet are delightful, generous and elegant, with lovely fruity and mineral notes. Eighteen months of maturing generally suffice to reveal their powerful aromas and impart upon them their characteristic silkiness.
Le Pallet is located at the heart of the Muscadet wine region on the right bank of the Sèvre.
favor shallow, rocky soils with good drainage. The exposure of Le Pallet, with its steep slopes, results in moderate vine vigor with a subsoil composed of gneiss, orthogneiss and mica schist.
Vignerons du Pallet one of the top producers
40
Goulaine ageing requierements, soils and style?
Elegant and harmonious, the wines of Goulaine deliver opulence and balance.
They are matured on lees for twenty to thirty months.
Goulaine systematically the first appellation to harvest due to warm microclimate. Soils run from shallow to moderately deep and are mostly composed of sand, some of which is coarsely grained. The underlying subsoil is primarily siliceous metamorphic rock (gneiss and mica schist).
Luneau-Papin's ‘Terre de Pierre’ and ‘Excelsior and Bonnet-Huteau Goulaine
41
Chateau Thebaud ageing requierements, soils and style?
The wines of Château-Thébaud evoke vegetal aromas including fennel and licorice and spices like anise. They deliver balance and an elegant tension on the palate with a slightly salty finish. To fully reveal their potential, they require long aging on lees, for thirty-six to forty-eight months.
The subsoil is composed of granodiorite (calco-alkaline granite) and gneiss resulting from this granite
42
Mouzillon Tilieres ageing requirements, soils and style?
One of the two easternmost crus (along with Vallet). Like Gorges, Mouzillon-Tillères abounds in gabbro and clay. Unsurprisingly, wines from here bear some resemblance to those of Gorges
43
Monierres Saint Fiacre ageing requirements, soils and style?
The principal soil type here is clay made of decomposed Gneiss. It imbues the wines with density, and flavors of ripe, candied citrus. Like those of Gorges, these wines can be quite expressive of smoke and rocks, but here the wines are a little flashier and more muscular out of the gate
44
La Haye Fouassiere ageing requirements, soils and style?
The wines of La Haye Fouassière exhibit tension and refinement. They are extremely expressive, with notes of menthol, fruit and flowers and a flinty, mineral character. The grapes from which they are produced reach maturity early on, so they generally reach full expression after only eighteen months of maturing on lees, a significantly shorter period than required by neighboring crus.
Situated on the right bank of the Sèvre, La Haye Fouassière is the westernmost cru communal of the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine appellation
mostly orthogneiss soils
45
Vallet ageing requirements, soils and style?
Vallet’s wines are rich and elegant, with a highly expressive nose of fruit and flowers. They are matured for more than eighteen months.
Vallet is located in the eastern and northeastern part of the region. Located inland, it enjoys a microclimate resulting in a very regular—albeit late—growing cycle
The subsoil is primarily composed of metamorphic rock (mica schist). Gabbro with granite inclusion is also present
46
Champtoceaux ageing requirements, soils and style?
The wines of Champtoceaux are velvety, even silky, with dense texture and an intense, complex nose. Younger vintages deliver notes of orange blossom and fresh fruit like citrus fruit and peach while older vintages develop notes of spice and aromatic herbs (thyme, sage, licorice) as well as of pastry
These wines are matured on lees for a minimum of seventeen months.
Champtoceaux is the youngest cru communal, and the only one to be located in Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
sedimentary basins primarily composed of mica schist with some gneiss, leptynite, amphibolite and schist.
47
Coteaux d’Ancenis AOC produces?
Semisweet Pinot Gris, locally known as Malvoisie, with 20 to 40 grams per liter of residual sugar. Most is consumed within the region. Reds and rosés are typically 100% Gamay but may contain a small proportion of Cabernet Franc. These are light, dry, and refreshing wines that reflect the cool and mild oceanic climate
48
Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC produces?
A former Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure (VDQS) whites-only denomination for dry wines from the Folle Blanche (meaning “crazy white”) grape, less evocatively known as Gros Plant (meaning “big plant”).
75 hl/ha
The wines are mild in aroma and flavor, and they are characterized by their uniformly high acidity. Gros Plant may be aged on lees for a few months in a similar fashion to Muscadet sur lie. Most wines are 100% Folle Blanche but may include up to 10% Colombard
49
The most oceanic of the Loire’s vineyards is the coastal region of?
Fiefs Vendéens AOC
50
Name the sub-zones of Fiefs Vendéens AOC
Brem, Chantonnay, Mareuil, Pissotte, Vix
51
Fiefs Vendéens produces?
All wines must be blends. Reds and rosés, produced in similar quantities, account for more than 80% of the appellation’s wines.
Rosés are blends of Pinot Noir and Gamay; reds are from Pinot Noir or Cabernet Franc blended with Négrette, the variety native to southwestern France.
Whites are blends of a majority of Chenin Blanc with Chardonnay.
52
Which region is the largest for both production and area under vine in Loire?
Anjou-Saumur
53
Anjou-Saumur grape varieties?
Chenin Blanc dominates for white and sparkling wines, while Cabernet Franc is the primary grape for reds and rosés. Supporting varieties include Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grolleau, and Pineau d’Aunis.
54
A distinction is made between the Anjou Noir and the Anjou Blanc, reflecting the visible difference between the soils of?
Darker, black rocks of volcanic origin and the pale, chalky limestone.
55
The region with the lowest rainfall of all the growing regions of the Loire?
Anjou-Saumur
56
which are responsible for creating conditions favorable to making the sweet wines of Anjou?
The Loire and several other rivers contribute to the climate and styles of wine, notably the Layon and Aubance tributaries.
57
Name the rose styles of Anjou
Cabernet d’Anjou
Rosé d’Anjou
Rosé de Loire
58
The rosé-focused Cabernet d’Anjou AOC accounts for?
45% of the Anjou-Saumur region’s volume and Rosé d’Anjou AOC a further 17%
59
Cabernet d’Anjou AOC requirements?
Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc, and any combination or single-varietal expression of the grapes can be used to make this semisweet rosé.
Minimum of 10 grams per liter of residual sugar, but there is no upper limit, and they are typically sweeter than this.
60hl/ha
60
Rosé d’Anjou AOC requirements?
Grolleau, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pineau d’Aunis, Gamay, and Côt.
minimum residual sugar content of 7 grams per liter
off-dry in style
60hl/ha
61
Rosé de Loire requirements?
An additional category of rosé wine covers approximately 730 hectares spread across the Anjou-Saumur and Touraine regions. Rosé de Loire is made from the same range of grapes as Cabernet d’Anjou and Rosé d’Anjou, but it is always dry, with a maximum permitted residual sugar of 3 grams per liter. There is no requirement to state the sweetness level on any of these wines.
60hl/ha
Rosé de Loire may include the geographical designation "Val de Loire" on the label.
62
Anjou produces mainly?
Around 60% of the generic Anjou appellation’s production is Anjou Rouge, made from Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, max 30% Pineau d’Aunis, and Grolleau. Wines labeled Anjou Gamay must be 100% from the variety.
63
Anjou Blanc is comprised of?
Chenin Blanc, plus max. 20% combined Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc
64
Mousseux Blanc and Rose in Anjou?
Vin Mousseux Blanc: Min. 70% Chenin Blanc, plus Cab. Franc, Cab. Sauvignon, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pineau d'Aunis, Gamay, and max. 20% Chardonnay (traditional method, min. 9 months on lees)
Vin Mousseux Rosé: Cab. Franc, Cab. Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pineau d'Aunis (traditional method, min. 9 months on lees)
65
Anjou Brissac and Anjou-Villages produce?
Red wines only, made from Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
50hl/ha for Brissac
55hl/ha for Village
66
Name the sweet wine AOCs of Anjou
Coteaux du Layon
Coteaux du Layon Villages
Coteaux du Layon Premier Cru Chaume
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Bonnezeaux
Coteaux de l’Aubance
Coteaux de Saumur
67
Coteaux de Saumur requierements?
100% Chenin Blanc
Minimum Alcohol: 15%
Chaptalization is prohibited.
Minimum Residual Sugar: 34 g/l
max yield 35hl/ha and grapes must be hand-picked
68
Coteaux de l’Aubance requierements?
100% Chenin Blanc
Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN)
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 14%
Chaptalization is legal
Minimum Residual Sugar: 34 g/l and hand picked
35 hl/ha
Élevage:
Blanc may not be released until March 1 of the year following the harvest
SGN wines may not be released until June 15 of the second year following the harvest.
69
Bonnezeaux requierements?
100% Chenin Blanc
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 15%
chaptalization is legal
Minimum Residual Sugar: 51 g/l
25 hl/ha
Grapes may be affected by botrytis and must be harvested by hand in successive tries
Élevage: Wines may not be released until April 1 of the year following the harvest
70
Coteaux du Layon requierements?
Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN): botrytis-affected grapes
Coteaux du Layon: 14%
34 g/l
All grapes destined for the production of Coteaux du Layon & its communal designations must be hand harvested in successive tries.
35 hl/ha
71
Name the villages of Coteaux du Layon
Beaulieu-sur-Layon, Faye-d’Anjou, Rablay-sur-Layon, Rochefort-sur-Loire, Saint-Aubin-de-Luigné, and Saint-Lambert-du-Lattay
72
Coteaux du Layon Village requierements?
min alc 15%
30 hl/ha
54 g/l
73
Coteaux du Layon Premier Cru Chaume requierements?
Coteaux du Layon Chaume Premier Cru: 16.5%
80 g/l
Chaptalization is not allowed for Chaume Premier Cru and SGN wines
hand picked
25 hl/ha
Wines may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest
74
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru requirements?
20 hl/ha
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 18%
Chaptalization is prohibited
hand picked
85 g/l
Wines may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest
75
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru soils?
complex soils that include Broverian schists and pudding sandstones
76
Name some top producers and wines from Quarts de Chaume?
Domaine Belargus Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru Ultra
Domaine de Baumard
Chateau Bellerive
Domaine Jo Pithon
Domaine des Forges
77
Coteaux du Layon Premier Cru Chaume is a superior 70-hectare appellation within which commune?
the commune of Rochefort-sur-Loire
78
Chenin Black is known as?
Pineau de la Loire
79
Name the lieux-dits of Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Les Roueres, Le Veau and Les Quarts
80
Who is Jo Pithon?
Jo Pithon is a pioneer of organic farming in the Loire Valley’s Anjou region. The grandson of a wine grower, Jo started his career in 1978 at St Lambert du Lattay when he launched his first Domaine at only 22 years old. Named grower of the year by the esteemed “Revue des Vins de France” magazine, Pithon champions dry whites from single vineyards across Anjou. Jo decided to sell his Domaine to Ivan Massonnat in 2017 with a look towards both retirement and keeping his vision alive. He remains as a key consultant and together with the incredible team at Domaine Belargus, the sister winery, the quality of the wines have reached new heights.
81
Name the monopole of Belargus
Coteau de Treilles
82
Name the top vintages for sweet wines of Loire
2016
2015
2010
2009
2005
83
Who is the producer of "Clos du Papillon?
Domaine Baumard
84
Vouvray and Montlouis-sur-Loire are separated by the?
Loire River
85
Coteaux d'Ancenis AOP produces which styles?
whites
reds
roses
off dry whites
86
What is the red grape of Reuilly AOP?
Pinot Noir
87
How would Vouvray with 35 g/l of residual sugar be labeled?
Moulleux
88
Soils of Savennieres?
The soils are very shallow, and the vines are never far from the rocks below. These include a wide variety of schists and volcanic rock; there are also patches of windblown sand and clay. This is Anjou Noir terrain located southwest of Angers. Yields are naturally low, and the combination of terroir and grape yields austere wines with intense texture and minerality
89
Savennieres produces which styles?
While Savennières AOC focuses on dry wines, demi-sec and sweet wines are also permitted.
90
Name the appellations of Savennieres
The tiny twin jewels of Savennières Roche aux Moines (33 hectares) and Coulée de Serrant (7 hectares), each of which is a separate appellation island within Savennières.
91
Savennieres yields?
50hl/ha general
30 hectoliters per hectare for Coulée de Serrant and 35 for Roche aux Moines
hand harvested only
92
La Roche aux Moines dates back since?
Winegrowing was recorded here as early as the 12th century, when monks from the order of Saint-Nicolas d’Angers planted a south-facing slope overlooking the Loire that became known as La Roche aux Moines
93
Coulée de Serrant can trace its origins back to?
1130, when vines were planted by Cistercian monks
a monopole vineyard, owned by the biodynamic zealot Nicolas Joly, who makes a very ripe style of wine, often with botrytis and residual sugar.
7 ha (Coulée de Serrant is divided into three distinct sections, the Grand Clos de la Coulée, the Clos du Château, and Les Plantes)
93
Name the second wine of Nicolas Joly
Clos de la Bergerie
94
Savennieres lies in which department?
Maine-et-Loire
95
Name the rivers of Savennieres
Loire but also the Vienne, the Sèvre Nantaise (to give it its proper title), the Maine and the Cher
96
Who is the largest producer of Savennières Roche-aux-Moines?
By far the largest part – perhaps a quarter – is in the hands of Tessa Laroche of the appropriately named Domaine aux Moines.
97
What does La Roche aux Moines means?
The Monk's Rock
98
Name some top producers from Savennieres La Roche aux Moines
Domaine aux Moines
Damien Laureau
99
Name some top producers and wines from Savennieres
Eric Morgat
Thibault Boudignon (Clos de la Hutte)
Domaine de Baumard
Domaine du Closel (Clos du Papillon and la jalousie)
Damien Laureau
Belargus
Chateau d'Epire
Dom de la Bergerie (La Croix Picot)
100
Which is the sub-region of Saumur?
Puy Notre-Dame
101
Which are the AOCs of Saumur?
Saumur AOC
Saumur Puy-Notre-Dame
Saumur-Champigny
Haut-Poitou
102
Saumur soils?
chalky limestone soils characteristic of the Anjou Blanc
known as tuffeau
103
All the Saumur vineyards are situated south of which river?
Loire
104
Saumur produces which styles?
Styles of Saumur wine include reds and rosés made predominantly from Cabernet Franc, whites from Chenin Blanc, and sparkling wines, which account for more than 60% of production
Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rouge & Rosé: Cabernet Franc, plus a max. 30% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d'Aunis
Saumur "Puy Notre-Dame": Cabernet Franc and a max. 15% Cabernet Sauvignon (reds only)
Vin Mousseux Blanc: Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Cab. Franc, Cab. Sauvignon, Gamay, Pinot Noir, Pineau d'Aunis, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris
Vin Mousseux Rosé: As for Vin Mousseux Blanc
Saumur Blanc wines permitted a max. 20% combined Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc up to the 2016 harvest
105
Saumur Mousseux requierements?
Vin Mousseux Blanc: Min. 60% Chenin Blanc, max. 10% Sauvignon Blanc
Vin Mousseux Rosé: Min. 60% Cabernet Franc, max. 10% Sauvignon Blanc
also known as Fines Bulles
9 months on the lees
106
Yields of Saumur?
Blanc: 60 hl/ha
Rouge/Rosé: 57 hl/ha
Saumur "Puy Notre-Dame": 50 hl/ha
Vin Mousseux: 67 hl/ha
107
Cremant de Loire requierements?
Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Orbois, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pineau d'Aunis
Max. 30% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d'Aunis
traditional method
hand picked
The wines must spend a min. 9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement, and may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage
Min. 4 atmospheres of pressure
max 74 hl/ha
108
Name some top producers for Cremant de Loire
Nine large houses account for 80 per cent of the production.2 Important
companies include Ackerman, Bouvet-Ladubay, Gratien & Meyer, Veuve-Amiot and LangloisChateau.
109
What is Prestige de Loire?
A new top tier sparkling Loire category, Prestige de Loire, was launched in 2018 (with wines
dating back to 2010) on the initiative of InterLoire. The aim is to establish the wine at a
minimum price of €10 in France. It applies across the Crémant de Loire, Anjou, Saumur and
Vouvray appellations.
The wines must be white only, made from Chenin Blanc, Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay
and Pinot Noir, singly or blended. A minimum of 24 months’ ageing on lees is required, the
wines must be vintage-dated and must be in the Brut style (including Brut Nature and Extra Brut). Producers must also achieve a set of environmental standards, aiming at sustainable viticulture, within five years
110
Saumur Puy-Notre-Dame produces?
Composed of at least 85% Cabernet Franc, with the balance coming from Cabernet Sauvignon, these wines are deeply colored and more structured than those of Saumur.
These wines have higher concentration: at harvest, the grapes must have potential alcohol levels of 12%, higher than Saumur Rouge’s 10.5%. Yields are also lower (50 hectoliters per hectare versus 57 for Saumur), and the wines cannot be chaptalized. The vines are planted at around 80 meters above sea level.
111
Haut-Poitou produces which styles?
Wines may be red, white, or rosé.
More than 80% of production consists of whites from primarily Sauvignon Blanc, with an allowance of up to 40% Sauvignon Gris.
Reds are 60% Cabernet Franc, which may be blended with Gamay, Pinot Noir, and Merlot.
A small amount of rosé is made from Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, and Gamay.
Haut-Poitou wines are fruit-driven and intended for early consumption largely within France.
Vineyards planted at 150m altitude
112
Name the rivers of Saumur-Champigny
Bordered to the east and west by the rivers Loire and Thouet
113
Soils of Saumur Champigny?
The soil is clay and tuffeau limestone, which both provides drainage and retains moisture, creating ideal conditions for the vines to thrive
a type of yellowish metamorphic rock
114
Yields of Saumur-Champigny?
57hl/ha
115
Saumur-Champigny produces?
reds only
Cabernet Franc must account for at least 85% of a Saumur-Champigny wine and max. 15% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d'Aunis, but this figure is almost always 100%. These wines are among the most highly regarded in the Loire Valley; the best show the elegance, freshness, fragrance, and finesse that Loire Cabernet Franc can achieve. Highly approachable when young, the wines have generous fruit and supple tannins.
116
Name some top producers from Saumur-Champigny
Clos Rougeard
Thierry Germain
Chateau Yvonne
Domaine de Closiers
Sylvain Dittiere
Chateau de Villenueve
Arnaud Lambert
Ch de Hureau
Filliatreau
117
Pineau d'Aunis is also known as?
Chenin Noir
118
Saumur Chamigny takes its name?
its original Latin name: Campus Ignis ("Field of Fire").
119
Name a Grand Cru of Saumur for Chenin
Brézé
120
CLos Rougeard wines?
Les CLos (50-to-70-year-old vines and a blend of 3 villages)
Les Poyeux (half-century-old vines in a south-facing parcel in Chace in tuffeax soils)
Les Bourg (also in Chace, vines averaging 80 years old is the most powerfull)
Brézé (a unique slope of sandy clay and limestone, 60+year-old Chenin Blanc vines organically, Aged in 20% new barrels, and rarely finishing malolactic fermentation)
The barrels are all neutral for Le Clos; one year old for Poyeaux, and new for the powerfully rich Le Bourg.
18-24 months in small barrels
121
Clos Rougeard owned by?
two brothers who are among France’s most gifted, Nady and Charly Foucault.
122
The majority of Touraine's vineyards lie between which rivers?
Loire and Cher
123
Soils of Touraine?
Touraine sits in the Paris Basin, where the diverse soils include tuffeau, sand, clay, and flint, and alluvial terraces also have deposits of gravel.
124
Which are the appellations of Touraine?
Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil
Bourgueil
Chinon
Vouvray
Montlouis-sur-Loire
Cheverny
Cour-Cheverny
Jasnières
Coteaux du Vendômois
Valencay
Coteaux du Loir
125
Coteaux du Vendômois produces which styles?
Blanc: Chenin Blanc, plus max. 20% Chardonnay
Rosé (Vin Gris): 100% Pineau d'Aunis
Rouge: Min. 50% Pineau d'Aunis, 10-40% Pinot Noir, 10-40% Cabernet Franc, max. 20% Gamay
The variety typically yields pale-hued wines that are light, vivacious, and peppery
126
Jasnières produces which styles?
It is a small (70-hectare) appellation exclusively for Chenin Blanc
When conditions permit, botrytized wines can be made
127
Which is the best winery in Jasnières?
Domaien de Belliviere and Pascal Javnier
128
Cour-Cheverny produces which styles?
produces white wine from 100% Romorantin
The wines are typically dry, but late-harvest sweet wines are occasionally produced. Some of the best wines are made from old, ungrafted vines.
129
Cheverny produces which styles?
Blanc:
Principal Varieties: 60-84% combined Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris
Complementary Varieties: 16-40% combined Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and Orbois
Rosé:
Principal Variety: 60-84% Pinot Noir
Complementary Variety: 16-40% Gamay
Accessory Varieties: Max. 25% Cot (Malbec)
Rouge:
Principal Variety: 60-84% Pinot Noir
Complementary Variety: 16-40% Gamay
Accessory Varieties: Max. 5% combined Cot
130
Montlouis-sur-Loire produces which styles?
Like Vouvray, Montlouis-sur-Loire is an appellation for white wine only, making both still and sparkling Chenin Blanc as well as sweet. In addition to traditional method sparkling wines, the appellation includes a pétillant category, for delicately sparkling wines (1.5 to 2 bars).
131
Name a top producer from Montlouis-sur-Loire
Francois Chidaine
Jacky Blot Domaine de la Taillex aux Loups
132
Which are the most planted grapes in Touraine?
The main grape varieties of Anjou-Saumur—Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc—are also grown in Touraine, particularly in the western half. But the primary white grape planted in the Touraine appellation is Sauvignon Blanc, at 43% of plantings (Chenin Blanc accounts for just 7%).
Gamay is the most planted red variety with 21% of vineyard area, followed by Cabernet Franc with 10% and Côt with 8%.
133
Name the sub-zones of Touraine
Amboise, Mesland, Azay-le-Rideau, Oisly, Chenonceaux and Noble Joue
134
Touraine Amboise produces which styles?
Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rosé: min. 70% Cot with Gamay
Rouge: 100% Cot
135
Touraine Mesland produces which styles?
Blanc: Min. 60% Chenin Blanc, max. 30% Sauvignon Blanc, max. 15% Chardonnay (the amount of Chardonnay in the vineyard may not exceed the amount of Sauvignon Blanc)
Rosé: Min. 80% Gamay, plus Cot and Cabernet Franc
Rouge: Min. 60% Gamay, 10-30% Cot, 10-30% Cabernet Franc
136
Touraine Azay-le-Rideau produces which styles?
Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rosé: Min. 60% Grolleau; plus Cot, Gamay, and max. 10% combined Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
137
Touraine Oisly produces which styles?
Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc
138
Touraine Chenonceaux produces which styles?
Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc
Rouge: min. 50% Cot with min. 10% Cabernet Franc
139
Touraine Noble Joue produces which styles?
Rose from Pinot Gris, Meunier and Pinot Noir
140
Coteaux du Loir produces which styles?
Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rose: Gamay, Pineau d'Aunis, Malbec and 'Cabernet' – a blend of Franc and Sauvignon and permits a 25% Grolleau
Rouge: Gamay, Pineau d'Aunis, Malbec and 'Cabernet' – a blend of Franc and Sauvignon
141
Valencay produces which styles?
White: Sauvignon Blanc (alone or to a minimum of 70%) with the authorised addition of Arbois Blanc, Sauvignon Gris and Chardonnay.
Red: Gamay Noir (30-60%), Pinot Noir (minimum 10%), Côt (minimum 10%) with the authorised, discretionary addition of Cabernet Franc (20%).
Rosé: The same varietals as reds, with the possibility of adding Pineau d’Aunis to the blend.
142
Max yields for Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil and Bourgueil?
55hl/ha
143
Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil produces which styles?
Rosé: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
Rouge: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
144
Bourgueil produces which styles?
Rosé: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
Rouge: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
145
Name some top producers from Bourgueil
Jacky Blot Domaine de la Butte
Catherine et Pierre Breton
Domaine de la Chevalerie
Gauthier Pere et Fils Domaine du Bel Air
Yannick Amirault
146
Which is the Loire Valley’s largest red-producing appellation?
Chinon
147
Chinon produces which styles?
Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rosé: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
Rouge: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
148
Max yields in Chinon?
55hl/ha
149
Which are the 3 main soil types of Chinon?
First, alluvial terraces made of sand, silt, and river gravels can be found on lower, flatter lands close to the river in western Chinon. Known as the Véron peninsula, this area has highly sandy soils that are free draining and warm up quickly, making vines in this part of the appellation early to bud and early to ripen
The second soil is TUFFEAUX MIXED WITH CLAY, found on the coteaux (hillsides), where the vineyards rise upward, away from the river and the valley floor. Here, the limestone is yellow, unlike the white chalks of Saumur.If there were grand cru vineyards in Chinon, the vast majority would be at these sites, which produce the most elegant, densely concentrated, chalky-textured, and ageworthy Cabernet Franc.
Chinon’s third terroir is generally found at the top of the hillsides, where SAND AND CLAY MIX WITH FLINT; it is also found on the hillocks, known as puys, found in the Véron peninsula. These soils, while not considered as prestigious as the clay-limestone of the coteaux, also yield high-quality wines.
150
Name the best vineyards of Chinon
Les Grézeaux ,Le Clos de l’Olive, Le Chêne Vert, and La Croix Boissée, Les Picasses, Coteau de Noiré
151
Name some top producers from Chinon
Bernard Baudry
Charles Joguet
Olga Raffault
Couly Dutheil
Domaine Fabrice Gasnier
Philippe Alliet
Jean-Maurice Raffault.
152
Name the top bottling of Olga Raffault
Les Picasses
153
Name the top bottling of Charles Joguet
Clos de la Dioterie
La Dioterie is a plot on tuffeau that enjoys a long, slow ripening thanks to its cooler, northern exposure. It is consistently the domaine’s most powerful wine: vines up to 85 years old
154
Name the top wine of Philippe Alliet
Coteau de Noiré
155
Phylloxera arrived in Loire when?
1882
156
Vouvray produces which styles?
Blanc: min 95% Chenin Blanc, plus a max. 5% Orbois
Vin Mousseux/Pétillant
157
Vouvray yields?
Blanc: 52 hl/ha
Vin Mousseux/Pétillant: 65 hl/ha
158
Soils of Vouvray?
Tuffeau limestone is the basis of Vouvray. Some vineyards sit almost directly on the limestone, but most have a topsoil of clay or flint, or both, in varying proportions. The slopes are referred to as premières côtes, where the topsoil is clay-flint, a soil known locally as perruches
159
Sparkling Wine Requirements in Vouvray?
Traditional Method Secondary Fermentation
Wines may not be released until 12 months after the date of tirage
sparkling Vouvray, which requires a potential alcohol of just 9.5% compared with 11% for still wine
160
60% of Vouvray production is?
sparkling
161
Which is the max residual sugars for Vouvray sec, demi sec, Moelleux and doux?
sec: 8 grams per litre
demi-sec: 9 and 18 grams per liter
moelleux: must be between 18 and 45 grams per liter
doux: 45 grams per liter
162
Falling between sec and demi-sec styles is?
sec tendre
163
Name some top producers from Vouvray
Domaine Huet
Champalou
François Chidaine (labels his wines Vin dr France)
Jacky Blot at Domaine de la Taille aux Loups
Domaine Delétang
Domaine du Clos Naudin by Philippe Foreau
Domaine des Aubuisières
Marc Bredif
Domaine Vincent Careme
164
Name a top producer from Bonnezeaux
Domaine des GRANDES VIGNES
noble rot and the Chenin that has been grown on schist, biodynamic estate.
165
Name the 3 vineyards of Huet
Le Haut Lieu
on the Première Côte — Le Mont and Clos du Bourg
One of the earliest practicioners of Biodynamics
166
Who produces Constance?
Since 1989, Huet has also produced this magical, botrytized dessert wine selected from one, two or all three vineyards, (named for Gaston’s mother) ranks among the world’s greatest dessert wines.
167
Touraine produces which styles?
Blanc: Sauvignon Blanc and max. 20% Sauvignon Gris
Rosé (still and Mousseux): Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Meunier, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pineau d'Aunis
Rouge:
Principal Varieties: Min. 40% Cot. Vineyards west of Tours have a min. 90% Cabernet Franc.
Accessory Varieties: Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir
Varietal-Labeled Gamay: Min. 75% Gamay, plus Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, and Pinot Noir
Vin Mousseux/Pétillant Blanc: Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Orbois, Pineau d'Aunis, Pinot Noir
168
Name the wines of Francois Chidaine
Les Argiles: This is a blend of various plots which is vinified this dry, usually around 4 g/l of residual sugar.
Clos Baudoin: The 2.7-hectare south-facing Clos Baudoin is one of Vouvray’s legendary sites, 60 year old vines and dry
Le Bouchet: demi sec, with vines 60-70y north facing adjacent to Clos du Bourg
169
Sancerre became an appellation when?
In 1936, the Sancerre appellation was created exclusively for Sauvignon Blanc wines, and in 1959 red and rosé wines made solely from Pinot Noir were incorporated into the appellation.
170
Name the 3 main soil types of Sancerre
Terres blanches, named for the white appearance of the soils in the summer sunshine, are Kimmeridgian marls, which consist of clay and limestone. The word caillottes (or griottes) refers to limestone pebbles of differing sizes. The third soil, silex, is rich in flint and found mostly on the eastern slopes of Sancerre. Terres blanches are relatively cool, and grapes take longer to ripen on these soils than on caillottes. Sancerre grown on Kimmeridgian marls tends to be more complex and fuller bodied, while caillottes typically produce more open, fruity wines. Silex generally yields powerful, firm, and even lightly bitter styles. It is common for producers to blend grapes from different sites to create their main white Sancerre cuvées.
171
Name the 3 best vineyards of Sancerre
Mont Damnes
Cul de Beajeau
La Grande Cot
Les Romains
172
Name some top producers from Sancerre
Domaine Vacheron
Joseph and Alphonse Mellot
Didier Dageaneau
Gerard Boulay
Vincent Gaudry
Pascal Jolivet
Francois Cotat
Henri Bourgeois
173
Pouilly Fume produces only?
Sauvignon Blanc
174
There are seven villages within Pouilly-Fumé’s borders, including Pouilly and the highest point?
Saint Andelain
175
Name some top producers from Pouilly Fume
Didier Dageaneau
Domaine de Ladoucette
Chatelain
Chateau de Tracy
Serge Dageaneau
Joseph Mellot
176
Top vineyards in Pouilly-Fumé include?
Les Cocques, Les Bois and Les Cornets
177
Pouilly-sur-Loire produces?
white wines from Chasselas
178
Menetou Salon produces?
white, rose and reds from Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir only
179
Which appellation of the Central Vineyards has the most organic vineyards?
Menetou Salon
180
Quincy produces?
only whites from Sauvignon Blanc
181
Which river flows in Quincy?
Cher
182
Which river flows though Reuilly?
Arnon
183
Reuilly produces?
white, rose and red wines from Sauvignon Blanc
reds from Pinot Noir and rose from Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir
184
max yields for Sancerre and Pouilly Fume?
Pouilly Fume 65hl/ha
Sancerre blanc: 60 hl/ha
Sancerre rouge and rose: 55 hl/ha
185
Coteaux du Giennois produces?
Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc
Rosé: Pinot Noir and Gamay (neither may exceed 80%)
Rouge: Pinot Noir and Gamay (neither may exceed 80%)
186
Côtes de la Charité produces?
Slightly more white wine than red is produced, from Chardonnay and Pinot Gris. Pinot Noir is grown for reds, and a little rosé is also made.
187
Coteaux de Tannay produces?
White wines dominate, made from Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Melon B, Pinot Gris, and Auxerrois. Reds, based on Pinot Noir and Gamay, account for 25% of production. A small amount of rosé is also made.
188
Orléans produces?
Blanc:
Principal Variety: Min. 60% Chardonnay
Accessory Variety: Pinot Gris
Rosé:
Principal Variety: Min. 60% Meunier
Complementary Variety: Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir
Rouge:
Principal Variety: 70-90% Meunier
Accessory Variety: Pinot Noir
189
Orléans-Cléry produces?
Rouge: 100% Cabernet Franc
190
Name the appellations of Central Vineyards
Sancerre
Pouilly Fume
Pouilly-sur-Loire
Quincy
Reuilly
Menetou Salon
Orleans
Orleans-Clery
Coteaux de Giennois
Coteaux de Tannay
Cotes de la Charite
Chateaumeillant
191
Chateaumeillant produces?
red and rose from Gamay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris
192
Name the four appellations of Central France
Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne, Côtes du Forez, and Côte Roannaise. There are two IGP denominations as well, IGP d’Urfé and IGP Puy de Dôme
193
Cote Roannaise produces?
Rosé: 100% Gamay
Rouge: 100% Gamay
it is also home to a wide range of grapes made into IGP d’Urfé wines
194
Côtes du Forez produces?
Rosé: 100% Gamay
Rouge: 100% Gamay
Some producers grow varieties as varied as Roussanne, Viognier, Pinot Noir, Riesling, and Syrah, bottled under the IGP d’Urfé label. There are also red wines made from Gamaret, a Swiss-derived cross between Gamay and Reichensteiner that is usefully less susceptible to rot than Gamay.
195
Côtes d’Auvergne produces?
Blanc: 100% Chardonnay
Rosé: Min. 50% Gamay plus Pinot Noir
Rouge: Min. 50% Gamay plus Pinot Noir
196
Côtes d’Auvergne soils?
volcanic deposited by Puy mountain
197
Name the five crus of Cotes d'Auvergne
Corent is one of the five crus of the appellation and is authorized only for production of rosé. The other four—Boudes, Madargue, Chanturgue, and Châteaugay—are authorized solely for red
198
Saint-Pourçain produces?
Blanc: 50-80% Chardonnay, 20-40% Sacy (Tressalier), max. 10% Sauvignon Blanc
Rosé: 100% Gamay
Rouge: 40-75% Gamay, and 25-60% Pinot Noir
