London Vs Mumbai Case Studies(urban Growth,challenges, Sustainability In Developing/ Emerging Countries

Question 2

London case study?

Answer 2

Located in the uk with population of 9m

Urban challenges:
Housing/settlements- high property prices and increasing homelessness/housing inequality
Pollution-High air pollution especially from cars.low emission zones/ultra low emission zones.
Transport- wel developed public transport. Lots of congestion zones to reduce traffic

Sustainability:
Environmental-green belt policies reduce urban sprawl(protects land/encourages land use.preserves biodiversity/ecosystems) , investment in cycle superhighways and electric buses(health benefits,reduce reliance on cars low ghg emission/air pollution)

Social-
Affordable housing schemes(lic families have access to safe/liveable conditions reducing homelessness/improve health(stress/anxiety) and regeneration of Stratford was transformed due to Olympics (job opportunities,infrastructure improvements in schools,healthcare,community centres)

Economic-
Global finance hubs(offer high pay jobs increasing employment rate,attract investment driving economic growth)

Question 3

Mumbai case study?

Answer 3

Located in India.has a population of 20m

Urban challenges:
Housing/settlements-60% live in slums e.g dharavi, housing lacks clean water/sanitation.high population/overcrowding (high risks of flooding/earthquakes,health risks,increase competition for jobs=high unemployment rates)

Transport- overcrowded trains and severe traffic congestion. Infrastructure under strain from rapid growth.(health issues,increase are pollution/carbon emissions

Pollution- major issues with air and water pollution.vehicles cause severe smog

Sustainability/strategies:

Environmental-slum sanitation projects improving toilets and drainage.redevelopment plans for dharavi to improve housing(reduce health risks/ better living conditions)

Economic-major centre for finance and Bollywood.huge informal economy 85% jobs, worth 1b.(reduces unemployment rates providing essential income.leads to grassroots recycling efforts,dharavi 80% of Mumbai waste)

Social- NGO involvement in slum upgrading e.g SPARC. Self housing groups
(Improves housing e.g toilets/sanitation/electricy reducing disease,improve health/quality of life.offers education…)