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Pathophysiology MEDI212 > lower digestive system disorders > Flashcards

lower digestive system disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

infective disorders: ???% of cases of enteritis are due to infection with
pathogens from food or drink

A

90%

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2
Q

other causes of enteritis (outside food/drink) include all BUT which option?
- NSAIDs
- Radiation therapy
- IBD
- Coeliac Disease
- chemo

A
  • chemo
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3
Q

pathogens causing enteritis include:
Bacterial:
 Salmonella
 Clostridium difficile
 Campylobacter jejuni
as well as what virus?

A

Rotavirus

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4
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Bacterial infections have more severe effects than viral infections

A

TRUE

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5
Q

clinical manifestation of enteritis caused by rotavirus:
- alters function of ??? cells, causing malabsorption

A

alters function of epithelial cells causing malabsorption of food

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6
Q

watery diarrhoea (caused by CHO, fat and protein are osmotically active = leads inability to absorb water) is a clinical manifestation of enteritis caused by which pathogen?

A

rotavirus

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7
Q

fever, vomiting, dehydration are common manifestations of which pathogen causing enteritis?

A

rotavirus

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8
Q

groups most at risk of catching rotavirus = ???

A

babies and toddlers

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9
Q

TRUR of FALSE:
Clostridium Difficile: Naturally occurring gut bacteria in humans. Becomes pathogenic when there is a disruption to the number of good gut bacteria that normally suppress growth of C. Diff

A

TRUE

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10
Q

toxins of clostridium difficile bind to epithelial cells (haemorrhage), attract ??? cells, increase capillary permeability, stimulate peristalsis = Fever, Abdominal pain, Diarrhoea

A

inflammatory

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11
Q

Campylobacter Jenjuni cause enteritis by penetrating mucus
layer and attaching to ??? cells and releases toxins

A

epithelial cells

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12
Q

which pathogen is the most prevalent food borne cause of enteritis?

A

campylobacter jenjuni

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13
Q

abdominal pain, fever, diarrhoea, are common signs of which enteritis causing pathogens?
Hint: there are 2

A

campylobacter jenjuni and clostridium difficile

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14
Q

treatment of enteritis-causing pathogen includes: good hand hygiene, good food handling, hygiene in general and in the case of ??? and ??? bacteria, antibiotics

A

C Diff and C. jejuni: Antibiotics

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15
Q

IBD (irritable bowel disease) is an umbrella term for which two gut-related issues?

A

crohn’s disease
ulcerative colitis

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16
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Crohn’s disease is characterised by inflammation of the lining of the entire digestive tract and often disrupts all four layers

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Ulcerative colitis causes long-lasting
inflammation and ulcers in the ??? layer of the large intestine.

A

mucosal layer

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18
Q

TRUE or FALSE: crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis don’t both have periods or remission and relapse

A

FALSE. they do both have them

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19
Q

Features of Chron’s disease DON’T include which one?
- Can be full thickness ulceration
- Skip regions
- Thickened wall, narrow lumen
- Fistulae
- only affects upper GI

A
  • only affects upper GI is INCORRECT, it affects all parts of GI
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20
Q

What are skip lesions in Chron’s disease? THINK progression of lesions

A

Chron’s disease is NOT progressive and can affect multiple, separate parts of the GI tract at once

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21
Q

Ulcerative colitis does or does not contain skip lesions? explain

A

ulcerative colitis does NOT contain skip lesions, it has a progressive movement along colon that beginning at the rectum

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22
Q

clinical manifestations of Chron’s disease in the Small Intestine:
??? of nutrients

A

malabsorption of nutrients

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23
Q

clinical manifestation of Chron’s disease in colon:
malabsorption of ???

A

malabsorption of water

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24
Q

Can there be clinical manifestations of Chron’s disease in the oral cavity?

A

yes

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25
common clinical manifestations of Crohn's disease: pain LOW, malena (black blood from bleeding is visible), ???, ???, low appetite
diarrhoea fever
26
nutritional implications of Crohn's disease: Malabsorption of nutrients - Fe, folate, B12 = nutritional ???
anemias
27
Malabsorption of nutrients in Crohn's disease: - Mg, Zn: ???
wound healing
28
Malabsorption of nutrients in Crohn's disease: - Vit D and Ca: ???
bone health
29
Malabsorption of nutrients in Chron's disease: - Vit K: ???
clotting
30
Malabsorption of nutrients in Chron's disease: - Fat: ??? – LOW
steatorrhoea
31
treatment for Crohn's disease: nothing. Can control it through: - Medication--> Immunosuppression: can be life long. - Some evidence high dose ??? fat can be helpful. - Antibiotics for infection eg abscess - Elemental tube feeds - Surgery: can resect regions and rejoin
omega 3
32
Ulcerative colitis features: Chronic inflammation of mucosal and submuscosal layer of ??? that IS or ISN't progressive?
colon it IS progressive
33
Ulcerative colitis is characterised by frequent bloody mucousy ??? (> 30 x day)
diarrhoea
34
clinical manifestations of Ulcerative Colitis: - Loss of mucin layer. Lesions form in crypts of Lieberkühn in base of ??? layer - Diarrhoea, Abdo pain, Malena, LOW
mucosal
35
TRUE or FALSE: long term complications of ulcerative colitis is that it can lead to bowel cancer due to acute bowel obstruction and toxic megacolon.
TRUE
36
Treatment of ulcerative colitis: No treatment, but can have medication: immunosuppression which can be life long. ALSO ??? can resect whole colon
surgery
37
what type of inflammation does Crohn's disease have in comparison to ulcerative colitis? granulatomous orulcerative/exudative
granulatomous
38
are fistulas common in Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis?
crohn's disease
39
diverticular disease is a pathological condition: presence of several sacs/pouches formed by ??? of the intestine wall
herniation
40
TRUE or FALSE: Diverticulitis: inflammation of one or more of the diverticula, especially the colon
TRUE
41
TRUE or FALSE: Diverticulitis is not very common in western world
FALSE it is rare in developing countries
42
reasons for diverticulitis developing include: - Age = weakening of colon wall - Obesity. - ??? - Lack of exercise. - Diet high in animal fat and low in fiber (constipation) - NSAIDs, steroids
Smoking.
43
clinical manifestations of Diverticulitis: - 80% suffer no adverse effects - Hypertrophy in the sigmoid colon = narrowing of ??? = bowel blockage
lumen
44
TRUE or FALSE: ~25% of diverticulitis develop infection of pouch – perforation and abscess = pain, bleeding, pus, diarrhoea . 1 In 3 need surgery
TRUE
45
treatment of diverticulitis includes: - antibiotics, bowel rest, IV fluids for acute cases - Diet progression: NBM /clear fluids/ ??? or ??? diet
low fibre / normal diet
46
prevention of diverticulitis includes a ??? diet, exercise, correct technique to poo (which is 35 degree angle)
high fibre
47
IBS is a functional bowel disorder involving: - ??? contractions (motility) - increased gut sensations (visceral hypersensitivity) - Relief from symptoms after defecation
abnormal gut contractions
48
IBS is present in ??? of the population
15%
49
cause of IBS is KNOWN or UNKNOWN and related to multiple factors including motility, inflammatory, genetic, immune, psychological, and dietary components
unknown
50
IBS has no structural abnormalities, but it is a real ??? problem due to altered colonic motility and hormones. ALSO associated with ???, stress and lifestyle
physiological. menstruation
51
common clinical manifestations fo the 3 types of IBS (classified by stool): pain, ???, flatulence, nausea, anorexia, anxiety or depression.
bloating
52
treatment of IBS includes lifestyle management to reduce ???, avoid gastric stimulants eg caffeine, alcohol, and personal triggers
stress
53
TRUE or FALSE: Constipation is the most common function GI disorder and causes major morbidity
True
54
primary causes of constipation do NOT include which one: - Slow transit time eg IBS-C, neuropathy - Inadequate fibre and fluid intake - Cancer eg bowel or obstruction or stricture
Cancer eg bowel or obstruction or stricture-- this is a secondary cause
55
secondary causes of constipation do NOT include which one: - Metabolic: eg hypothyroid - Neurological – MS, Parkinson’s disease, SCI - Medication: eg opioids, Fe, antihistamines - Cancer eg bowel or obstruction or stricture - inadequate fibre and fluid intake
- inadequate fibre and fluid intake -- primary cause, NOT secondary
56
nutritional implications of constipation: can impact absorbance/intake of ???
nutrients
57
constipation treatment includes: ??? and fluid +/ - regular aperients
fibre
58
coeliac disease is a short or long term autoimmune disorder characterised by damage to the small intestine from ingestion of gluten
long term
59
TRUE or FALSE: coeliac disease is present 1 in 70 (1% =1:86 men; 1 :52 Australians women)
TRUE
60
clinical manifestations of coeliac disease: - Allergy to gluten = inflammation gastritis and atrophy of JEJUNAL, ILEUM, or DUODENAL mucosa in SI (Loss of mature villous epithelium)
JEJUNAL
61
clinical manifestations of coeliac disease: - Flat jejunal mucosa (ie villi absent) = reduced OR increased enzyme activity for digestion
reduced
62
signs of coeliac disease: ???, Steatorrhea, Abdo pain, lethargy, anaemia,
Diarrhoea
63
steatorrhea is ??? = undigested fat in faeces, stinky stool, and rapid LOW
Malabsorption of fat
64
nutritional consequences of coeliac diseasE: Lack of minerals - Fe, folate and B12 = nutritional anaemias - Ca: ???
osteoporosis
65
nutritional consequences of coeliac disease: Lack of vitamins: - Vit B, C - Vit K: ???
blood clotting
66
TRUE or FALSE: Ca not absorbed in coeliac disease can lead to development of oxalate kidney stones
TRUE
67
treatment of coeliac disease includes lifelong avoidance of gluten. Atrophied intestinal villi can take ???years to heal
3.8 years

Pathophysiology MEDI212 (14 decks)

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