Lower Limb Flashcards
(30 cards)
Describe the hip joint
- Synovial
- Ball and Socket
- Acetabulum to head of femur
- Strong capsule with ligaments
What are the ligaments of the hip?
Anterior: -Pubofemoral ligament -Iliofemoral ligament Posterior: -Iliofemoral ligament -Ischiofemoral ligament
Describe the knee joint
- Synovial, hinge
- Between femur and tibia
- Transfers weight= stability
What are the menisci in the knee?
Medial meniscus
Lateral meniscus
-Distribute load, conform to articular surfaces as joint moves
Describe the popliteus muscle
- Originates on lateral condyle of femur, lateral meniscus
- Inserts on posterior proximal tibia
- Knee flexion and medial rotation of tibia
- Innervates by tibial nerve
Describe the Tibiofibular Joint
- Synovial, plane joint
- Movement: glides when ankle moves
- Stability
What is the lateral compartment of the leg?
-Fibularis longus
-Fibularis brevis
(foot eversion, superficial fibular nerve)
What is the posterior (deep) compartment of the leg?
-Popliteus
-Flexor hallucis longus
-Flexor digitorum longus
-Tibialis posterior
(ankle plantar flexion & knee flexion, tibial nerve)
What is the posterior (superficial) compartment of the leg?
-Gastrocnemius
-Soleus
(ankle plantar flexion & knee flexion, tibial nerve)
What is the anterior compartment of the leg?
-Tibialis anterior
-Extensor hallucis longus
-Extensor digitorum longus
(ankle dorsiflex + invert foot + extend toes/hallux, deep fibular nerve)
What is the function of the ankle?
-Stability (push-off, stable base of support)
Name the tarsal bones
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Cuboid
- Navicular
- Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform
Describe the ankle joint
- Synovial/hinge
- Dorsiflexion
- Plantar flexion
- Thin anterior/posterior capsule
What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel?
- Bones and retinaculum
- Passageway for arteries, veins, nerves and tendons
- Tibialis posterior tendon
- Flexor digitorum longus tendon
- Posterior tibial artery and vein
- Tibial nerve: divides into the medial and lateral plantar -
- Flexor hallucis longus tendon
Describe the plantar fascia
- Dense layer of thick fascia
- Covers medial and lateral muscles
- Maintains longitudinal arch
What muscles adduct the hip?
- Adductor Magnus
- Adductor Longus Brevis
- Pectineus
- Gracilis (knee flexion also)
What muscles abduct the hip?
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Minimus
What muscles flex the hip?
- Iliacus
- Tensor Fascia Lata
- Psoas Major
What muscles extend the hip?
-Gluteus Maximus
What muscles extend the hip and flex the knee
Hamstring muscles
-Biceps femoris
-Semimembranous
-Semitendinous
(sciatic nerve)
What muscles extend the knee and flex the hip?
Quadriceps muscles
-Rectus femoris
-Quadriceps Vasti (only knee extension)
(femoral nerve)
What muscles flex the knee?
- Sartorius (hip flexion also)
- Popliteus
What muscles plantar flex the ankle?
-Gastrocemius (knee flexion also)
-Soleus
-Tibialis Posterior (ankle inversion also)
(tibial nerve)
What muscles dorsi flex the ankle?
-Tibialis Anterior (invert ankle also)
-Extensor Digitorum Longus (toe extension also)
-Extensor Hallucis Longus (hallux extension also)
(deep fibular nerve)
