Upper Limb

Question 1

Name the bones of the shoulder

Answer 1

• Clavicle
• Scapula
• Humerus

Question 2

What are the ligaments in the shoulder?

Answer 2

• Coracoacrominal (coracoid to acromion)
• Glenohumeral (head of humerus and glenoid fossa)
• Coracoclavicular (coracoid to clavicle)

Question 3

What are muscles of the rotator cuff?

Answer 3

1) Supraspinatus
2) Infraspinatus
3) Subcapsularis
4) Teres Minor

Question 4

What are the nerves passing through the elbow?

Answer 4

• Median nerve (anterior)
• Ulnar nerve (medial)
• Radial nerve (posterior)

Question 5

What are the ligaments in the forearm?

Answer 5

• Annular ligament
• Radial collateral ligament
• Ulnar collateral ligament

Question 6

What are the bones of the hand?

Answer 6

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum 
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

Question 7

What muscle elevates the scapula?

Answer 7

• Trapezius

- Levator Scapulae

Question 8

What muscle depresses the scapula?

Answer 8

Pectoralis Major

Question 9

What muscles protract the scapula?

Answer 9

• Pectoralis Minor

- Serratus Anterior

Question 10

What muscles abduct the shoulder?

Answer 10

• Deltoid

- Supraspinatus

Question 11

What muscles flex the shoulder?

Answer 11

• Pectoralis Major
• Coracobrachialis
• Biceps
• Deltoid (anterior)

Question 12

What muscles extend the shoulder?

Answer 12

• Latissimus Dorsi
• Deltoid (posterior)
• Teres Major
• Teres Minor
• Triceps (long head)

Question 13

What muscles internally rotate the shoulder?

Answer 13

• Subcapsularis
• Pectoralis Major
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Teres Major

Question 14

What muscles externally rotate the shoulder?

Answer 14

• Subcapsularis
• Teres Minor
• Deltoid (posterior)

Question 15

What muscle extend the elbow?

Answer 15

Triceps Brachii

Question 16

What muscles flex the elbow?

Answer 16

• Biceps
• Brachialis
• Brachioradialis

Question 17

What are the forearm rotators (deep)?

Answer 17

• Supinator
• Pronator Teres
• Pronator Quadratus

Question 18

What muscles extend the wrist?

Answer 18

-Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
-Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
-Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
(Radial)

Question 19

What muscles flex the wrist?

Answer 19

-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
-Flexor Carpi Radialis
(Ulnar)

Question 20

What muscle extends the fingers?

Answer 20

Extensor Digitorum

Radial

Question 21

What muscles flex the fingers?

Answer 21

• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (Median)
• Flexor Digitorum Profundus (Median)
• Flexor Pollicis Longus (Ulnar)

Question 22

What muscles extend the thumb?

Answer 22

-Abductor Pollicis Longus
-Extensor Pollicis Brevis
-Extensor Pollicis Longus
(Radial)

Question 23

What are the Thenar Muscles?

Answer 23

-Flexor Pollicis Brevis
-Adductor Pollicis
-Abductor Pollicis Brevis
-Opponens Pollicis
(OAAF)

Question 24

What are the Hypothenar Muscles?

Answer 24

-Abductor Digiti Minimi
-Flexor Digiti Minimi
-Opponens Digiti Minimi
(OAF)

Question 25

What spinal nerve roots make up the brachial plexus?

Answer 25

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 spinal roots.

Question 26

How is the elbow joint stabilised? It rarely dislocates

Answer 26

- The elbow has a large amount of bony surface area contact between the trochlea of the humerus and the proximal ulna, all the way through its range of flexion and extension. - The elbow has both medial and lateral collateral ligaments which are each a fan shape from the epicondyles of the humerus to the radius and the ulna

Question 27

What is the carpal tunnel? What structures pass through it?

Answer 27

- Inclosed tunnel of carpal bones | - Median Nerve, Flexor Retinaculum, Opponens Pollicis, Carpal Bones, Flexor Tendons pass through.

Question 28

Why do we have three elbow flexors? Explain what each one does.

Answer 28

-Required when forearm is pronated or supinated Biceps: Elbow Flexion Brachialis: Elbow Flexion Brachioradialis: Elbow Flexion

Question 29

Which dislocates more, the shoulder or the hip. Why is this?

Answer 29

The shoulder because: - It has a greater range of motion so more range where there is less bone contact - The glenohumeral ligaments are not as short or tight or strong as the iliofemoral, ischiofemoral or pubofemoral ligaments - The acetabulum is deeper than the glenoid fossa so there is more bone to bone contact - The hip is made for weight-bearing more than mobility, it attaches to the pelvic girdle whereas the shoulder only attaches to the clavicle and scapula

Question 30

What muscles retract the scapula?

Answer 30

- Rhomboid Major | - Rhomboid Minor

Question 31

What is the common extensor origin?

Answer 31

The lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 32

What is the common flexor origin?

Answer 32

The medial epicondyle of humerus