LP#5 - The Chemical Basis For Life

Question 1

What is Matter?

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

What are States of Matter?

Answer 2

Matter can exist in Solid, Liquid or Gaseous forms

Example: Bone (solid), Blood (liquid), Air (gas)

Question 3

What is Energy?

Answer 3

The ability of a system to do work or put matter into motion. Energy is categorized as either Kinetic (E in motion) or Potential (stored E)

Question 4

What is Chemical Energy?

Answer 4

Stored in bonds of chemical substances

Question 5

What is Electrical Energy?

Answer 5

Produced from the movement of charged particles

Question 6

What is Mechanical Energy?

Answer 6

Energy used to move matter

Question 7

What is Radiant Energy?

Answer 7

Energy that travels in waves

Question 8

What are Atoms?

Answer 8

The basic unit of Matter

Question 9

What are Elements?

Answer 9

Formed by Atoms. Elements are unique substances that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical methods

Question 10

What are Molecules?

Answer 10

Are two or more Atoms held together by chemical bonds. When 2 or more of the same element combine, a molecule of that element is formed. Ex. O2
When 2 or more different kinds of atoms combine, a compound is formed. Ex. H2O

Question 11

What are Solvents?

Answer 11

Usually liquids that solutes dissolve in.

The body’s main solvent is water.

Question 12

What are Solutes?

Answer 12

Substances that are dissolved in a solvent.

Question 13

What are Solutions?

Answer 13

Homogenous mixtures that are usually transparent. Ex. Saline Solution

Question 14

What are Colloids?

Answer 14

(Emulsions) Translucent heterogenous mixtures, which are similar to gels, Ex. Cytoplasm of the cell

Question 15

What are Suspensions?

Answer 15

Heterogenous mixtures that contain large particles that settle out. Ex. Water+Sand, and Blood(suspended cells and in the fluid portion of blood/plasma)

Question 16

What is the major difference between ions and atoms?

Answer 16

Atoms have a charge, Ions have either have a negative or positive charge

Question 17

Which element is the backbone of all organic molecules?

Answer 17

Carbon

Question 18

Which element is important to tissue oxygenation

Answer 18

Oxygen & Iron

Question 19

Which element helps harden teeth and bones?

Answer 19

Calcium

Question 20

Which Ion is the most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid?

Answer 20

Chlorine

Question 21

Which 2 Ions are important for nerve signal conduction?

Answer 21

Sodium & Potassium

Question 22

Compound (bones/teeth); Ion needed for various physiological processes, Ex. Muscle contraction

Answer 22

Calcium

Question 23

Compounds with Ca to form bones; component of nuclei acids and ATP

Answer 23

Phosphorus

Question 24

Major cation in cells; important for normal conduction of signals (nerves)

Answer 24

Potassium

Question 25

Component of proteins (hair, muscles)

Answer 25

Sulphur

Question 26

Major Ion in Extracellular Fluid; important for water balance, nerve conduction and muscle contraction

Answer 26

Sodium

Question 27

Abundant anion in EC fluid

Answer 27

Chlorine

Question 28

Important in various chemical reactions (enzyme co-factor)

Answer 28

Magnesium

Question 29

Component of thyroid hormones

Answer 29

Iodine

Question 30

Component of hemoglobin (Hb); needed to transport oxygen

Answer 30

Iron