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Pathophysiology > Theory Test #4 - January 29th > Flashcards

Theory Test #4 - January 29th Flashcards

1
Q 
What is a defined function of bone?
A) Generating body heat
B) Maintaining posture
C) Protecting internal organs
D) Stabilizing joints
A

D) Stabilizing joints

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2
Q 
What is NOT a function of muscles?
A) Producing movement
B) Maintaining posture
C) Generating heat
D) Providing levers for movement
A

D) Providing levers for movement

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3
Q 
Which component of the musculoskeletal system allows range of movement?
A) Nerves
B) Connective tissue structures
C) Skeletal muscle
D) Joints
A

D) Joints

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4
Q

Which statement about changes in bone mass is FALSE?
A) During childhood bone resorption is greater than bone formation
B) Significant loss of bone mass results in osteoporosis
C) After age 35 there is a gradual decrease in bone mass
D) Exercise, healthy eating and sunlight help reduce bone loss in later life

A

A) During childhood bone resorption is greater than bone formation

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5
Q 
Which of the following manifests in adults after the age of 35?
A) Bone formation exceeds resorption
B) Bones grow larger and longer
C) Bone mass remains fairly constant
D) Gradual decrease in bone mass
A

D) Gradual decrease in bone mass

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6
Q 
What is the most crucial factor in maintaining plasma calcium levels?
A) Vitamin D
B) Parathyroid hormone
C) Calcitonin
D) Phosphate
A

B) Parathyroid hormone

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7
Q 
Which process is NOT directly dependant on calcium?
A) Protein production
B) Bone formation
C) Muscle contraction
D) Cardiac function
A

A) Protein production

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8
Q

Which statement about calcium in the body is TRUE?
A) Plasma calcium ion levels are maintained within a wide range of values
B) Calcitonin is the primary hormone affecting blood calcium levels
C) Maintaining homeostatic levels of Ca ions is critical to body function
D) Calcium and potassium are the primary minerals in the bone

A

C) Maintaining homeostatic levels of Ca ions is critical to body function

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9
Q 
What is a bone cell?
A) Osteoclast
B) Fibroblast
C) Myofibre
D) Chondrocyte
A

A) Osteoclast

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10
Q

Which statement about bone remodelling is FALSE?
A) Hormones play an important role in bone remodelling
B) Bone remodelling is independent of blood calcium levels
C) Bone remodelling is controlled by local and systemic factors
D) Physical activity promotes strong bones and remodelling

A

B) Bone remodelling is independent of blood calcium levels

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11
Q 
The central canals running through the axis of the bone are known as \_\_\_
A) Lamella
B) Haversian
C) Volkmann
D) Lacunae
A

B) Haversian

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12
Q

Which statement about bone composition is TRUE?
A) The inorganic component of bone provides rigidity and protection
B) The organic component of bone includes mineral (Ca phosphate) salts
C) The inorganic component of bone includes the Osteoid material
D) The organic component of bone contains 99% of the body’s calcium

A

A) The inorganic component of bone provides rigidity and protection

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13
Q 
Which factor has little effect bone remodelling?
A) Bone mineralization
B) Hematopoiesis
C) Bone resorption
D) Bone formation
A

C) Bone resorption

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14
Q

Which statement about endochondral ossification is TRUE?
A) Formation of bone cavities is the last stage in the process
B) Fibrous connective tissue forms the initial supporting structure
C) It results in the production of flat bones
D) It results in the production of most bones

A

D) It results in the production of most bones

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15
Q

A bone fracture is defined as compound when ______
A) An entire portion of the bone shaft is displaced
B) The bone pieces are pushed one into another
C) A piece of bone breaks without being displaced
D) The broken ends of bone protrude from the body

A

D) The broken ends of bone protrude from the body

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16
Q 
Which type of fracture is more likely to be seen in children rather than adults?
A) Compression
B) Spiral
C) Greentsick
D) Comminuted
A

C) Greentsick

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17
Q

Which statement about a Colles fracture is FALSE?
A) An associated fracture may be avulsion of the ulnar styloid process
B) A possible complication is carpal tunnel syndrome
C) Occurs most frequently in small children
D) One of the signs is the presence of edema

A

C) Occurs most frequently in small children

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18
Q 
What stage of fracture healing is a hard callus formed?
A) Fibrocartilage callus formation
B) Bone remodelling
C) Bony callus formation
D) Hematoma formation
A

C) Bone callus formation

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19
Q 
Which complication is due to impaired fracture healing?
A) Compartment syndrome
B) Soft Tissue Injury
C) Loss of musculoskeletal function
D) Delayed union
A

D) Delayed union

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20
Q 
A bone infection contracted during surgery is known as \_\_\_\_\_
A) Nosocomial
B) Communicable
C) Iatrogenic
D) Zoonoses
A

C) Iatrogenic

21
Q 
Which manifestation most likely indicates a local pathology?
A) Inflammation
B) Arthralgia
C) Myalgia
D) Anemia
A

A) Inflammation

22
Q 
What is an unlikely sign/symptom of severe bone fractures?
A) Pain
B) Headaches
C) Soft tissue injury
D) Muscle spasms
A

B) Headaches

23
Q

Which statement best describes osteoporosis?
A) It is impaired synthesis of the organic bone matrix
B) It is the loss of cancellous bone and thinning of compact bone
C) It is inadequate mineralization of the organic bone matrix
D) It is the formation of osteoblastic bone lesions

A

B) It is the loss of cancellous bone and thinning of compact bone

24
Q 
The following bones are commonly fractured in people with osteoporosis, except the \_\_\_\_\_
A) Scapula
B) Vertebrae
C) Radius
D) Hip
A

A) Scapula

25
Q 
Which metabolic bone disorder manifests as a softening of bones in adults?
A) Fibula
B) Ulna
C) Tibia
D) Radius
A

C) Tibia

26
Q

Which statement about Paget’s disease is FALSE?
A) It is marked by osteopenia or deficient bone
B) It affects more males than females
C) The disorder develops slowly and is progressive
D) The bones are thickened, weak and brittle

A

A) It is marked by osteopenia or deficient bone

27
Q 
What factor is most likely to cause an avulsion fracture?
A) Athletic activity
B) Osteoporosis
C) Bone cancer
D) Bone infection
A

A) Athletic activity

28
Q 
Which condition affects the proximal femoral epiphysis?
A) Paget’s
B) Osgood-Schlatter
C) Sheuermann’s
D) Legg-Calve-Perthes
A

D) Legg-Calve-Perthes

29
Q 
Which disorder manifests with a serious hyperkyphosis?
A) Sheuermann’s
B) Paget’s disease
C) Osgood-Schlatter
D) Legg-Calve-Perthes
A

A) Sheuermann’s

30
Q 
Which deformity is also known as knock-knee’s?
A) Pes planus
B) Genu Valgum
C) Toeing-out
D) Genu Varum
A

B) Genu Valgum

31
Q 
Functional scoliosis \_\_\_\_\_\_
A) Can be corrected with exercise
B) Does not correct with bending
C) May cause a cervical concavity
D) Is generally corrected with surgery
A

A) Can be corrected with exercise

32
Q 
Which one of the following is a possible cause of bowlegs?
A) Mild rickets
B) External femoral rotation
C) Lax collateral Ligaments 
D) Torsion of the lower limb in utero
A

A) Mild rickets

33
Q 
In a person with a left Thoracic scoliosis, you would NOT expect to observe a \_\_\_\_\_
A) Depressed shoulder on the right side
B) Depressed shoulder on the left side
C) Protruding scapula on the left side
D) Prominent hip of the right side
A

B) Depressed shoulder on the left side

34
Q 
Neoplasia is a term that describes a condition in which \_\_\_\_\_
A) There is new cell growth
B) Cancer cells spread
C) There is a loss of differentiation
D) Cells change size and appearance
A

A) There is new cell growth

35
Q

Which symptom is common to malignant bone tumours?
A) Pain and swelling of the affected area
B) Increased skeletal muscle strength
C) Recurrent infections and vertebral collapse
D) Swelling over a bone, and increased sensation

A

A) Pain and swelling of the affected area

36
Q

Which statement about primary bone cancer is TRUE?
A) Malignant bone tumours rarely metastasize
B) It makes up 85% of malignant bone tumours
C) It makes up 1% of malignant bone tumours
D) It only originates from osseous tissues

A

C) It makes up 1% of malignant bone tumours

37
Q 
What is NOT a factor in Stabilizing synovial joints?
A) Nature of articular surfaces
B) Location of bursae
C) Number and Arrangement of ligaments
D) Muscle tone
A

B) Location of bursae

38
Q 
What is NOT a component of the anatomical joint?
A) Articular capsule
B) Muscles
C) Ligaments
D) Articular discs
A

B) Muscles

39
Q 
Which condition is NOT associated with fibromyalgia syndrome?
A) Tension headaches
B) Sensation of swollen hands
C) Hyperactivity
D) Irritable bowel syndrom
A

C) Hyperactivity

40
Q 
What is generally due to trauma?
A) Sprain
B) Tendonitis
C) Gout
D) Fibromyalgia
A

A) Sprain

41
Q 
What is a sign or symptom of rheumatoid arthritis?
A) Weight gain
B) Hyperactivity
C) Increased strength
D) Epidermal nodules
A

D) Epidermal nodules

42
Q

Which statement about treatment of degenerative joint disorders is FALSE?
A) Treatment helps to manage the disease
B) Treatment focuses on curing the disease
C) Massage therapy can alleviate associated discomfort
D) The purpose of treatment is to reduce discomfort

A

B) Treatment focuses on curing the disease

43
Q

Which statement about osteoarthritis is TRUE?
A) The disease manifests with loss of elastic cartilage
B) Signs and symptoms are systemic
C) It is an acute inflammatory disorder
D) The cervical spine is commonly affected

A

D) The cervical spine is commonly affected

44
Q 
Which sign/symptom is unlikely to be observed with Ankylosing spondylitis?
A) Weight loss
B) Decreased Spinal ROM
C) Increased spinal ROM
D) Reduced lung volume
A

C) Increased spinal ROM

45
Q 
Which condition is a hypermobility disorder?
A) Rheumatoid arthritis
B) Ankylosing Spondylitis
C) Fibromyalgia
D) Marfan syndrome
A

D) Marfan syndrome

46
Q

Pathology is the study of ______
A) Disease processes, focusing on cause and development of abnormal states
B) The origin and development of organisms from fertilization to birth
C) Extrasensory perception such as transference and intuition
D) Functional mechanisms of the body that sustain life and ensure survival

A

A) Disease processes, focussing on cause and development of abnormal states

47
Q

Using a language approach, which statement describes chondrosarcoma?
A) It is an inflammation of the periosteum and underlying bone
B) It is a disorder manifested by a softening of any form of cartilage
C) It is an inflammation of a bone and underlying articular cartilage
D) It is a malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells

A

D) It is a malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells

48
Q 
Which term describes muscle pain?
A) Ankylosis
B) Neuralgia
C) Arthralgia
D) Myalgia
A

D) Myalgia

Pathophysiology (13 decks)

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