Lymphatics

Question 1

the specialized lymphatic capillaries located in the lining of the small intestine are called?

Answer 1

lacteals

Question 2

organs of the lymphatic?

Answer 2

spleen, thymus, and tonsils

Question 3

from lymphatic capillaries, where does lymph flow directly to?

Answer 3

lymphatic vessels; then L or R subclavian vein

Question 4

Which feature of the lymphatic capillaries allows fluid to enter from the interstitial space but prevents the lymph from returning to the interstitial space.

valve-like reason

Answer 4

overlapping squamous cells of vessel walls

Question 5

structure of fluid flow in order

blood travels to and from to become lymph

Answer 5

1. blood capillaries (blood)
2. interstitial spaces (interstitial fluid)
3. lymphatic capillaries (lymph)
4. lymphatic vessels (lymph)

Question 6

lymphatic vessels are present in most tissue of the body except?

5 siya, what r those?

Answer 6

CNS, Bone Marrow, Cartilage, Epidermis, and Cornea

Question 7

does lymph have red bloodz in it?

yes or no

Answer 7

no. rbcs are too large (same w/ protein)

Question 8

factors affecting lymph flow

3 siya

Answer 8

1. smooth muscle contractions (of lymph vessels)
2. skelet muscle contracting around vessels
3. pressure changes in the thorax during breathing

Question 9

the main type of fiber comprising lymphatic tissue is?

Answer 9

reticular fiber

Question 10

the majority of lymph is drained where?

right lymph duct or thoracic?

Answer 10

thoracic duct

Question 11

what tonsil is also known as adenoids?

Answer 11

pharyngeal tonsils

Question 12

lymphatic structures found between the oral cavity and the nasal cavity/pharynx?

Answer 12

tonsils

Question 13

most important and most prevalent type of wbc that comprises lymphatic organs?

Answer 13

lymphocyte

Question 14

Lymph nodes are surrounded by a tough connective tissue ___ that extends into the node to form ______, which subdivide the lymph node.

Answer 14

capsule; trabeculae

Question 15

The space between aggregates of lymphatic tissue that contains a network of fibers with attached macrophages

Answer 15

lymphatic sinus

Question 16

Which structure divides lymph nodes into different compartments?

Answer 16

Trabeculae

Question 17

If germinal centers contain lymphocytes, where r the macrophages?

Answer 17

lymphatic sinuses

Question 18

tough connective tissue that surrounds lymph nodes?

Answer 18

capsule

Question 19

these are extensions of the capsules that extends into the node

these subdivide a node in2 areas containing lymphatic tissue & sinuses

Answer 19

trabeculae

Question 20

is the spleen responsible for lymph filtration?

yes or no

Answer 20

no, spleen filters blood instead of lymph

may also act as a blood reservoir, and kill old nd dmged rbcs

Question 20

is the spleen responsible for lymph filtration?

yes or no

Answer 20

no, spleen filters blood instead of lymph

may also act as a blood reservoir, and kill old nd dmged rbcs

Question 21

the lymphatic tissue surrounding the arteries within the spleen

Answer 21

white pulp

Question 22

this pulp is associated with the veins nd consists of a fibrous network, filled with macrophages & rbcs, and enlarged capillaries that connect to the veins

Answer 22

red pulp

Question 23

the ability to resist damage from foreign substances and cancer cells

Answer 23

immunity

Question 24

site of T cell maturation

Answer 24

thymus

Question 25

cells produced in the red bone marrow that may either mature in the marrow or thymus and then **reside in lymphatic tissue**

Answer 25

lymphocytes

Question 26

when response is rapid but fixed, it is known as what type of immunity?

Answer 26

innate immunity | adaptive takes longer kasi nga *nag-aadapt*

Question 27

specificity and memory are characteristics of what type of immunity?

Answer 27

adaptive

Question 28

what happens when an individual does not have a thymus? a. they will not have any immunoprotection b. they will not have mature b-cells in circulation c. they will not be able to produce complement d. they will not have mature t-cells in circulation

Answer 28

D. they will not have mature t-cells in circulation | considering pati na thymus is responsible for t-cell maturation

Question 29

A group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that circulate in the blood, normally in inactive form, is called

Answer 29

complement

Question 30

complement can be activated by combining with? | 2 sila

Answer 30

(1) parts of a bacterial cell & (2) antibodies

Question 31

the effects when commplement is activated

Answer 31

1. promotion of inflammatory response 2. increased phagocytosis 3. lysing of cells

Question 32

white blood cell movement towards damaged tissue in response to chems released by the tissue and other cells

Answer 32

chemotaxis | basta taxi hehe

Question 32

the most important component of the immune system

Answer 32

WBCs

Question 33

accumulation of dead cells, fluids, and tissue debris at the site of infection is called

Answer 33

pus

Question 34

leukocytes in the blood that release histamine and leukotrienes and promote inflammation

Answer 34

basophil

Question 35

cells that are nonmotile and found in connective tissue | (contribute in histamine and leukotriene release)

Answer 35

mast cells

Question 36

the leukocyte that composes 15% of all lymphocyte is?

Answer 36

NK cell (natural killer)

Question 37

Virus and tumors are recognized by what leukocyte in innate immunity?

Answer 37

Natural Killer Cells

Question 38

Immune cell & complement activation can occur as a result of?

Answer 38

Inflammation

Question 39

two types of inflammation

Answer 39

local (specific region) nd systemic (throughout the body)

Question 40

chemicals that **stimulate fever production** to enhance phagocytosis and inhibits replication of some microorgz

Answer 40

pyrogens

Question 41

___ are substances that stimulate adaptive immune responses

Answer 41

Antigens

Question 42

two types of antigens

Answer 42

foreign and self

Question 43

this refers to an overreaction of the immune system to a foreign antigen

Answer 43

allergic reaction

Question 44

When self-antigens stimulate unwanted tissue destruction, ___ disease can be the result.

Answer 44

autoimmune

Question 45

Proteins that bind and respond to specific antigens are called

Answer 45

antibodies | immunoglobulins

Question 45

B cells and antibodies are the primary components of what type of adaptive immunity

Answer 45

antibody-mediated

Question 46

what part of the lymphocytes combine with specific antigens to initiate adaptive immune response?

Answer 46

receptors | receptors combine with antigens

Question 47

The adaptive immunity cells that are able to circulate between the blood, lymph, and peripheral tissues are the?

Answer 47

lymphocytes

Question 48

lymphocytes with identical receptors are called?

Answer 48

clones | all cells in a clone respond only to a particular antigen

Question 49

The cells that phagocytize foreign antigens are called? | these cells also insert antigens on their cell membranes w/ MHC class II

Answer 49

antigen presenting cells

Question 50

this class of lymphocytes respond to MHC II and they **activate B cells and effector T cells**

Answer 50

Helper T cells

Question 51

# True or False Helper T cells secrete cytokines that stimulate other immune cells.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Antibody-mediated immunity is most often stimulated by the activation of what lymphocyte? | Helper T or B cell?

Answer 52

Helper T cells | helper T stimulates B cells

Question 52

Antibody-mediated immunity is most often stimulated by the activation of what lymphocyte? | Helper T or B cell?

Answer 52

Helper T cells | helper T stimulates B cells

Question 53

CD4 cells are also known as?

Answer 53

Helper T cells

Question 54

produced by helper T cells when presented with an antigen

Answer 54

Interleukin-2

Question 55

the cells that produce antibodies are called?

Answer 55

plasma cells ## Footnote `

Question 56

Stimulated B cells divide to form cells that secrete

Answer 56

antibodies

Question 57

The region of an antibody molecule that binds to the antibody's target antigen is called the

Answer 57

variable region

Question 58

The region of an antibody that can activate complement or bind to mast cells, macrophages, or basophils is the?

Answer 58

constant region | constant for complement activation; variable in antigen combination

Question 59

four polypeptide chains of antibodies?

Answer 59

2 heavy; 2 light | identical w/ each other

Question 60

The immune response that occurs after the first exposure to an antigen is referred to as the

Answer 60

primary immune response

Question 61

memory B cells respond to an antigen during a ___ immune response

Answer 61

secondary immune response

Question 62

# Immunoglobulin Identification **The majority of antibodies in the body are of this type.** It activates complement and is able to cross placenta. It is responsible for Rh reactions in newborns. | Gago May Aso Eto Daw

Answer 62

IgG

Question 63

# Immunoglobulin Identification It **activates complement and functions as an antigen binding receptor** on the surface of B cells. It is **responsible for transfusion reactions in the ABO blood system** and is the first antibody type produced during a primary immune response.

Answer 63

IgM

Question 64

# Immunoglobulin Identification It is found in saliva, tears, and mucous membranes, colostrum and milk. It also provides immune protection for newborns.

Answer 64

IgA

Question 65

# Immunoglobulin Identification It binds to mast cells and basophils and stimulates inflammation.

Answer 65

IgE

Question 66

# Immunoglobulin Identification It functions as an antigen-binding receptor on B cells.

Answer 66

IgD

Question 67

What specific cell type is the effector cell for cell-mediated immunity (i.e., **the cell type that destroys the antigen-containing cell**)?

Answer 67

Cytotoxic T cell