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Anatomy and Physiology > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

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1
Q

process that allows for the exchange of genetic information at the onset of meiosis?

A

crossing over

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2
Q

If mitosis is for somatic cells, ___ is for gametes

A

meiosis

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3
Q

products after second meiosis

A

4 daughter cells containing 23 chromosomes

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4
Q

produces about 60% of the semen

A

seminal vesicle

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5
Q

site of final maturation of sperm

A

epididymis

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6
Q

saclike structure that contains the testes

A

scrotum

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7
Q

what muscle contracts when cold and contraction results in the scrotum being firm and wrinkled, reducing the overall size of the scrotum?

A

dartos muscle

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8
Q

What is the layer of smooth muscle under the superficial fascia of the scrotum called?

A

dartos muscle

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9
Q

effect of the contraction of dartos & cremaster muscles?

A

testes closer to the body = warmer & firm, wrinkled scrotum = smaller in size

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10
Q

site of sperm production in the testes

A

seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

why is it important that the testes are located outside the body cavity?

A

sperm must develop at temperatures less than normal body temp

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12
Q

where do human gonads initially develop?

A

in the abdominopelvic cavity (near the kidneys)

they move from that cavity through the inguinal canal

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13
Q

____ is the process of sperm production

A

spermatogenesis

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14
Q

what do interstitial cells produce

A

testosterone

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15
Q

precursor cells of sperm cells are called

A

spermatogonia or germ cell (spermatogonium for singular)

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16
Q

a mature sperm cell is also known as?

A

spermatozoon

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17
Q

part of the sperm that contains enzymes needed to penetrate the egg is called

A

acromosome

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18
Q

The ductules that carry sperm from the testis and empty into the epididymis are the?

A

efferent ductules

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19
Q

the final changes that occur in sperm after ejaculation is termed as?

A

capacitation

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20
Q

after sperm production in the testes, where does sperm travel to reach the epididymis?

A

rete testis first then efferent ductules

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21
Q

the duct that carries sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct is called?

A

vas/ductus deferens

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22
Q

arrange the structures in order

sperm travel
- seminiferous tubules
- epididymis
- vas deferens
- urethra
- ejaculatory duct
- rete testis
- efferent ductules

A
  1. seminiferous tubules
  2. rete testis
  3. efferent ductules
  4. epididymis
  5. vas deferens
  6. ejaculatory duct
  7. urethra
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23
Q

a wider area of the vas deferens close to the prostate

A

ampulla

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24
Q

tube that transports sperm from the ductus deferens through the prostate gland and into the urethra is the?

A

ejaculatory duct

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25
# arrange **sperm travel structures** - ampulla - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - membranous urethra - spongy urethra - prostatic urethra
1. vas deferens 2. ampulla 3. ejaculatory duct 4. prostatic urethra 5. membranous urethra 6. spongy urethra
26
are seminal vesicles located anterior or posterior to the urinary bladder?
posterior to the urinary bladder
27
what forms when the seminal vesicles and the vas deferens converge?
ejaculatory duct
28
What is the erectile column of the penis that passes along the ventral side and encloses the penile urethra?
corpus spongiosum
29
what are the 3 columns of erectile tissue in the penis?
2 corpora cavernosa - dorsal side 1 corpus spongiosum - ventral side
30
loose fold of skin that covers the glans penis
prepuce
31
opening of the penis
external urethral orifice
32
bulbourethral secretion
mucous **for:** - urethra & intercourse lubricant - neut of vagina & urethra (sperm mvmnt)
33
Seminal Vesicle secretion
4F (Fluid, Fructose, Fibrinogen, Flavin, Prostaglandin)
34
Prostate gland secretion
alkaline solution, proteolytic enzymes | thin, milky
35
A component of the semen that is a thick, nourishing fluid and stimulates smooth muscle contractions is produced by the
seminal vesicles
36
The gonadotropin that stimulates spermatogenesis is
FSH
37
In males, FSH targets the ___ and LH targets the ____ of the testes.
sustentacular cells (sertoli cells); interstitial cell
38
movement of sperm and fluids through the male repro system to the urethra is termed as
emission
39
forceful expulsion of semen from the urethra is called?
ejaculation
40
Pleasurable sensations that occur during the sex act culminate in an intense sensation called ____
orgasm | intense sensation after a compilation of pleasureable ones
41
Pleasurable sensations that occur during the sex act culminate in an intense sensation called ____
orgasm | intense sensation after a compilation of pleasureable ones
42
phase wherein penis is flaccid and unable to achieve erection
resolution
43
4 phases of male sexual act
1. erection 2. emission 3. ejaculation 4. resolution
44
is erection sympath.. or parasympa...
parasympathetic | only erection is para; the rest are sympathetic
45
3 ligaments that secure the ovaries into position
1. broad 2. suspensory 3. ovarian
46
ligament that connects the ovary to the superior margin of the uterus is the?
ovarian ligament
47
ligament that attaches the ovary to the lateral body wall
suspensory ligament
48
ligament that spreads out on both sides of the uterus and attaches to the ovaries and uterine tubes
broad ligament
49
femal reproductive cells found within the ovarian follicles
oocytes
50
in what phase does meiosis stop for oogonia? and what is the cell at this stage called?
meiosis during prophase I, leaving **primary oocytes** as is until puberty
51
The cells of the innermost layer that surrounds the oocyte in a secondary follicle are called
granulosa cells
52
meiosis stops at prophase I in the first meiotic division with the formation of?
primary oocyte
53
the follicles that become primary follicles are called?
primordial follicles | primordial has a single layer of granulosa
54
layer of clear material that is deposited around the primary oocyte
zona pellucida
55
developing female gametes as they progress through meiosis I
primary oocytes
56
capsule surrounding a secondary follicle
theca
57
fluid-filled cavity in a mature follicle
antrum
58
A follicle that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells surrounding a large primary oocyte
primary follicle
59
the release of what from an ovary is called ovulation
secondary oocyte
60
fluid-filled cavity in a mature follicle is called
antrum
61
The mass of granulosa (epithelial) cells surrounding the oocyte in the mature follicle are the?
cumulus cells
62
What will be formed only if the secondary oocyte is fertilized?
second polar body
63
penetration of a secondary oocyte by a sperm cell is known as
fertilization
64
remnants of the follicle formed after an egg has been ovulated?
corpus luteum
65
If meiosis II of oogenesis completes, the small, nonviable daughter cell that is formed is the
second polar body
66
duct that extends from the ovary to the uterus and conveys an egg to the uterus
fallopian tube/uterine tube
67
Fringelike projections extending from the opening of the uterine tube are called
fimbriae | also the long, thin projections from fallop tube that surround the ovary
68
widest and longest portion of the uterine tube where fertilization usually occurs is called the
ampulla
69
superior broad part of the uterus is called the
fundus
70
layers of the uterine wall
perimetrium myometrium endometrium
71
process wherein fertilized oocyte travels to the uterus and embeds in the uterine wall.
implantation
72
3 major parts of the uterus
Fundus = superior Body = main part Cervical canal = inferior
73
The passage through the cervix that connects the uterus and the vagina is the
cervical canal
74
It is the site of implantation and the source of menstrual discharge. | what muscle layer
endometrium
75
what ligaments supports the uterus
broad ligament and round ligament
76
condition wherein the pelvic floor in a woman weakens and the uterus extends inferiorly into the vagina
prolapsed uterus
77
membrane that stretches across the vaginal orifice
hymen
78
the female external genitalia are collectively known as?
vulva
79
thin, hairless folds of skin lateral to the vaginal and urethral openings are called the
labia minora
80
tube that allows discharge of menstrual fluid, receipt of the penis and semen, and birth of a baby
vagina
81
erectile organ of the female genitalia
clitoris
82
external fold of the labia minora that covers the clitoris
prepuce
83
vagina and urethra open into a space called?
vestibule
84
hair-covered anterior surface over the pubic symphysis
mons pubis
85
two large skin folds that usually come together to **conceal the structures of the vestibule**
labia majora
86
colored circular zone surrounding the nipple of the breast
areola
87
what do you call the region between the anus and the vagina?
clinical perineum
88
abnormal enlargement of male breasts
gynecomastia
89
ligaments that attach the breast to the dermis of the overlaying skin and the fascia of the pectoralis major
suspensory ligaments
90
first sloughing of the uterine lining is called | first mentstrual bleeding
menarche
91
during what phase does the part of the endometrium sloughs off?
menses
92
3 phases of the menstrual cycle
menses, secretory phase, proliferative
93
secretory and proliferative phases are associated with which structure?
uterus
94
involves the rupture of the mature follicle and the release of its egg and surrounding cells at about day 14 of the ovarian cycle
ovulation
95
What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?
Progesterone
96
What hormone is at its highest levels AFTER ovulation occurs?
Progesterone | highest also during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
97
Ovulation is due to a spike in the levels of what hormone?
Luteinizing hormone
98
What structure implants in the endometrium of the uterus?
blastocyst | if blastocyst implants outside the uterus, ectopic pregnancy

Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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