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M10.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is legislation?

A

The creation and implementation of law

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2
Q

What is the purpose of legislation?

A

To protect the public

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3
Q

Where does legislation come from?

A

Government, regulatory bodies (EASA, ICAO, UN, CAA etc)

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4
Q

How was ICAO formed?

A

The US sent an invitation to 55 counties about the harmonisation of civil aviation, of which 54 attended, and 52 signed.

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5
Q

What was the meeting of nations that formed ICAO called?

A

The Chicago Convention

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6
Q

How many states agreed to PICAO?

A

21 States

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7
Q

How many countries are in ICAO today?

A

193 countries

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8
Q

What does ICAO do?

A

ICAO forms the “minimum standards” upon which other international organisation are based

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9
Q

What are the “minimum standards” that ICAO develops known as?

A

Standrads and recommended practices (SARPS)

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10
Q

Does ICAO have executive powers?

A

No, as SARPS are for countries to develop into their own rules.

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11
Q

What is the structure of ICAO

A
  • The Assembly
  • The Council
  • The Secretariat
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12
Q

What is ICAO part of?

A

The United Nations

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13
Q

What do The Assembly do in ICAO?

A

Composed of representatives of contracting states, meets every three years, reviews the work of the organisation and setting policy going forward

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14
Q

What do The Council do in ICAO?

A

Has an elected president on a 3-year term, with members from 36 states. It is the council that provides the direction to ICAO and ensures SARP’s are incorporated into the Annexes

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15
Q

What does the Secritariat do in ICAO?

A

Headed by a secretary general and divided into various bureaus.

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16
Q

What are the ICAO Annexes?

A

The recommendations laid down by ICAO are contained in annexes to the Chicago Convention, each covering one particular aspect of aviation legislation.

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17
Q

What is the ANC?

A

Air Navigation Commission

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18
Q

What does the Air Navigation Commission (ANC) do?

A

It is the technical body of the ICAO responsible for developing SARPS and Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS)

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19
Q

Who tells the ANC what to do?

A

The ICAO Council

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20
Q

Who makes up the ANC?

A

19 members with suitable qualifications and experience. They must be:
- Nominated by specific member states
- Appointed by the council
- Act independently and not be there to represent an interests of any state

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21
Q

When was the CAA established?

A

April 1972

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22
Q

What does the CAA operate under?

A

The Department for Transport

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23
Q

Where are the requirements for the CAA laid down?

A

In the Air Navigation Order (CAP393)

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24
Q

What is the CAA?

A

The independent body for controlling UK aviation

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25
What does CAP 393 state/do?
- It “lays down the law of the land” for UK civil aviation - It is compulsory to be complied by all UK-based organisations, personnel and foreign aircraft operating over the UK - It empower the CAA the power to enforce the requirements of safety legislation and establishes penalties and offences
26
How has UK air legislation changed since brexit?
When the UK left the EU in Dec 2020, the CAA adopted the EASA regulations, known as “UK retained EU legislation”, however the UK no longer has to comply with EASA regulations.
27
What is the State Safety Programme?
It is an ICAO requirement on member states to regulate their aviation system in a proactive and managed way.
28
What is the difference between SSP and SMS
SSP is implemented by states, whereas SMS is implemented by organisations such as airlines and airports.
29
What is the role of the CAA?
The UK CAA main role is to regulate and oversee aviation activities in the UK.
30
What are the responsibilities of the CAA?
- Safety regulation - Airspace management - Licensing and certification - Economic regulation - Environmental regulation - International coordination - Implementation of ICAO requirements
31
What does BCARs stand for?
British Civil Airworthiness Requirements
32
Who makes BCARs?
The CAA, in the form of CAPs
33
What is the purpose of BCARs
To expand on the Air Navigation Order (ANO) and lay down the minimum standards for the airworthiness of aircraft in the UK.
34
How are Annex 1 aircraft regulated in the UK?
Through various BCARs and CAPs
35
Do BCARs apply to all aircraft in the UK?
No, they primarily apply to aircraft types not covered by “UK retained EU legislation”
36
Which documents describes the aircraft not covered by “UK retained EU legislation”?
Annex 1 to the UK basic legislation
37
What does the MAA do?
The MAA has full oversight on defence aviation
38
What is the AAIB?
The AAIB is a branch established under the DfT, and is fully separate from the CAA and other regulatory authorities to ensure independence/impartiality when investigating accidents/incidents.
39
What is the Secretary of State responsible for?
Overall responsibility for the policies of the DfT.
40
Who is the Secretary of State accountable to?
Accountable to parliament for the CAAs proper discharge of its duties.
41
What does the Department of Transport (DfT) have responsibility for?
Responsibility for the coordination of ICAO related matters on behalf of the Secretary of State for transport.
42
What is the difference between Hard Law and Soft Law in aviation regulation?
Hard Law is binding (e.g., Implementing Rules), while Soft Law is non-binding and flexible (e.g., AMC, GM, CS).
43
Are Implementing Rules (IR) binding?
Yes, they are binding in their entirety - Hard Law
44
What is the purpose if Implementing Rules?
To specify a high and uniform level of safety and uniform conformity and compliance.
45
Are AMC and GM binding?
No, they are Soft Law (non-binding)
46
What is the role of AMC and GM?
They support compliance with IRs by providing guidance material and acceptable means of compliance.
47
What are Certification Specifications (CS)?
Non-binding technical standards adopted by the CAA.
48
What can be proposed if a part cannot meet a CS?
An Equivalent Level of Safety (ELOS).
49
What must an ELOS demonstrate?
That it meets the intent of the original CS.
50
What is the main objective of UK Regulation (EU) 2018/1139?
To establish and maintain a high level of civil aviation safety in the UK.
51
What does UK Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 ensure the CAA does?
Fulfils its obligation to implement, amend, and develop regulations in line with ICAO SARPs.
52
What is governed by UK Regulation (EU) 748/2012?
The airworthiness and certification of products, parts, and appliances during initial approval.
53
What is CS-23?
CS-23: Normal Category Aeroplanes
54
What is CS-25?
CS-25: Large Aeroplanes
55
What is CS-27?
CS-27: Small Rotorcraft
56
What is CS-29?
CS-29: Large Rotorcraft
57
What is CS-ETSO/UKTSOA?
The approval of parts and appliances.
58
What does UK Regulation (EU) 1321/2014 cover?
The continuing airworthiness of aircraft and parts from type certification to the end of service
59
What are the 4 main annexes of regulation 1321/2014?
- Annex I (Part-M): Continuing airworthiness of aircraft and components - Annex II (Part-145): Approval of maintenance organisations - Annex III (Part-66): Qualifications of certifying staff - Annex IV (Part-147): Training of certifying staff
60
What is the objective of UK Regulation (EU) 376/2014?
To increase industry awareness of safety risks and ensure preventative action - not to attribute blame. (Occurrence Reporting)
61
Who uses UK Regulation (EU) 376/2014, and for what?
CAA and industry - for reporting occurrences and safety related info (excluding Annex I aircraft/DASORS)
62
What must an operator obtain before starting commercial air operations in the UK?
An Air Operator Certificate (AOC) issued by the CAA.
63
What is Commercial Air Transport (CAT)?
The carrying of passengers or cargo for money.
64
Who must maintain and release a CAT aircraft to service?
An approved Part-145 maintenance organisation.

M10 (6 decks)

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