M11

Question 1

Virus(Viron)

Answer 1

Infectious microbe

Question 2

Can a virus replicate on its own

Answer 2

Cannot replicate on its own

Question 3

What do Viruses consist of

Answer 3

Nuclei acid core (DNA/RNA)
Protein coating (capsid)
(Sometimes) Phospholipid envelope

Question 4

What makes viruses hard to study

Answer 4

No fossil record -> difficult to study

Question 5

Are viruses living species

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Can Viruses reproduce

Answer 6

No, USe host to replicate

Question 7

Can Viruses Grow

Answer 7

Replicate into “Adult” form

Question 8

Do Viruses have energy processing

Answer 8

No, neither producers nor consumers

Question 9

What domains of life do viruses affect

Answer 9

All domains

Question 10

How big are viruses

Answer 10

very small

Question 11

What are Viruses’ Shape and forms like

Answer 11

Very diverse, depends on host specificity

Question 12

Are all Viruses the same

Answer 12

No, Varied Complexity

Question 13

Is Viron complexity the same as host complexity

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What are the 4 steps of replication

Answer 14

Attachment
Entrance
Replication
Replication

Question 15

What happens in the Attachment for Virus Replication

Answer 15

Binding of Virion to host cell

Question 16

What happens in the Entrance for Viral replication

Answer 16

DNA/RNA injected in or endocytosis occurs

Question 17

What happens in Replication for Viral replication

Answer 17

Viral genetic materials hijacks host replication machinery

Question 18

What happens in Release for Viral replication

Answer 18

Budding(HIV), or Lysis(Common cold)

Question 19

What are the 2 categories of treatment for Viruses

Answer 19

Antiviral drugs
Vaccines

Question 20

What do Antiviral drugs do

Answer 20

Do not prevent disease
Reduce Symptoms -> Target viral enzymes/proteins

Question 21

What do Vaccines do

Answer 21

Weekend viral solution -> minor symptoms
future immunity
Viruses mutate quickly -> annual vaccines

Question 22

What is your immune system

Answer 22

Organs, Cells and Proteins that defend the body against infection

Question 23

What are the characteristics of Innate immunity

Answer 23

Time Within Hours
Non-Specific
no memory

Question 24

What is the first line of defense

Answer 24

Physical Barriers

Question 25

What are the Physical barries in innate immunity

Answer 25

Skin, Secreations, Mucous

Question 26

What is second line of defense

Answer 26

Internal defenses

Question 27

What are the internal defenses?

Answer 27

Non-Specific WBC, complement system, inflammation

Question 28

Do non-specific white blood cells only respond to just one antigen

Answer 28

No, many antigens

Question 29

What is an antigen

Answer 29

Any molecule that stimulates an immune response

Question 30

What do Macrophate + Netrophil do

Answer 30

Enguld foreign particles and pathogens

Question 31

What do Natural Killer cells do

Answer 31

Target infected cells, release chemicals that induce cell death

Question 32

What is the Complement System

Answer 32

proteins that assist with innate immunity

Question 33

What does the complement system do

Answer 33

Enhance Phagocytosis Boreholes in pathogens Recruit WBC

Question 34

What is Inflammation

Answer 34

Localized swelling, redness, and pain form WBC moving through capillaries to infection site

Question 35

What is the Third line of defense

Answer 35

Adaptive Immune System

Question 36

What are the characteristics of a Adaptive immune system

Answer 36

Specific to Pathogen type Days to weeks to activate Long term protection -> memory

Question 37

What are the 2 types of Adaptive immune system

Answer 37

Response Type 1 - Humoral Response Type 2 - Cell-Mediated

Question 38

What is the Humoral Response

Answer 38

B Cell(WBC) recognizes antigen - > binds to antigen Helper T Cell (TH) activated B cell to divide into plasma cells or memory B cells

Question 39

What are plasma cells

Answer 39

Produce antibodies to eliminate extracellular pathogens

Question 40

What are memory B Cells

Answer 40

Wait for reinfection

Question 41

What is Cell Mediate response

Answer 41

Dendritic cell or macrophage breaks down a pathogen -> presents antigenic material on cell surface to activate TH/send for help and call Cytoxoic T cells

Question 42

What do Cytotoxic T cells do

Answer 42

Attack and destroy disruptions in the immune system

Question 43

What is immunodeficiency

Answer 43

failure in or delayed response

Question 44

What are the 2 types of immunodefiency

Answer 44

Genetic Acquired

Question 45

What is Hypersensitivity

Answer 45

incorrect response to harmless foreign substances

Question 46

What is autoimmunity

Answer 46

hypersensitivity to self-antigens Antibody incorrectly markes self-component as foreign