M7

Question 1

What are 2 reasons that cells repoduce

Answer 1

1)Repair/Renew cells/tissues(Mitosis)
2)Create New Individuals(Meiosis)

Question 2

In What phase does DNA get replicated

Answer 2

Interphase

Question 3

What is the Cell Cycle

Answer 3

Sequence of events in which a single parent cell divides to produce 2 new daughter cells which then continue the cycle

Question 4

What is a Genome

Answer 4

A organisms complete set of DNA

Question 5

What does the DNA of a prokaryotic organism look like

Answer 5

Single Double Stranded DNA in a circle

Question 6

What does the DNA in a eukaryotic organism look like

Answer 6

Several double-stranded DNA in chromosomes/chromatin

Question 7

What is the center of a chromosome called?

Answer 7

Centromere

Question 8

What is the leg of a Chromosome called

Answer 8

Chromatid

Question 9

Haploid (n/gamete)

Answer 9

one half of chromosome pair

Question 10

Diploid (2n)

Answer 10

full set of chromosomes

Question 11

Homologous pairs

Answer 11

Same length, same gene placement in chromosomes

Question 12

How do you count the number of chromosomes

Answer 12

The number of centromeres

Question 13

What is a Loci

Answer 13

The location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 14

Are sex chromosomes a homologous pair

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What is Phase 1 of mitosis

Answer 15

Interphase

Question 16

What happens in Interphase

Answer 16

cell growth, replication

Question 17

What is phase 2 of mitosis

Answer 17

Mitotic Phase

Question 18

What happens is the mitotic phase

Answer 18

Actual Separation of cells

Question 19

What are the three phases in interphase for mitosis

Answer 19

G phase = growth, S phase = DNA replicated, G2 phase = final prep

Question 20

What is the first phase of the mitotic cycle

Answer 20

Prophase

Question 21

What happens in Prophase

Answer 21

Chromatin turns into chromosomes, Organelles break up/disperse to edges

Question 22

What is the second stage in the mitotic cycle

Answer 22

Prometaphase

Question 23

What happens in prometaphase

Answer 23

Nuclear envelope dissolves, Chromosomes attach to kinetochore at centrosomeres

Question 24

What is the third phase in the mitotic cycle

Answer 24

Metaphase

Question 25

What happens in the metaphase

Answer 25

chromosomes align at the middle of the cells

Question 26

What is the 4th phase in the mitotic cycle

Answer 26

Anaphase

Question 27

What happens in Anaphase

Answer 27

Sister chromatids split apart, cell enlongates into oval

Question 28

What is the 5th phase in the mitotic cycle

Answer 28

Telophase

Question 29

What happens in Telophase

Answer 29

First 3 stages in reverse, Cleavage furrow

Question 30

What happens in Cytokinesis

Answer 30

Ring of micro filaments pull apart cells

Question 31

What causes Cancer

Answer 31

Uncontrolled Cell division after mutation in gene that codes for cell reproduction proteins

Question 32

What are the Proto-onco genes

Answer 32

Genes that code for normal cell growth, Mutation = cancer

Question 33

What do the Tumor suppressor genes do

Answer 33

Slow down cell cycle or tell the cells to dies, Mutations = cancer

Question 34

What is prokaryotic cell division called

Answer 34

Binary fission

Question 35

What happens in sexual reproduction

Answer 35

2 haploid cells from parents fuse together to form 1 diploid

Question 36

What happens in Asexual repdroducion

Answer 36

offspring from single parents(clone

Question 37

What are the pros of Asexual reproduction

Answer 37

Do not need to waste time finding mates, less energy expended, faster, can produce many more offspring

Question 38

What are the cons of asexual reproduction

Answer 38

no genetic variation, Adaption difficult, evolve slower

Question 39

What are the types of Sexual reproduction

Answer 39

Diploid Dominant, Haploid Dominant, Alteration of generations

Question 40

What is diploid dominant sexual reproduction

Answer 40

Most of life as diploids ex humans

Question 41

What is Haploid dominant sexual reproduction

Answer 41

Most life as haploids ex fungi

Question 42

What is Alternation of generations sexual reproduction

Answer 42

Diploid->Haploid->Diploid ... most plants

Question 43

What does Meiosis output

Answer 43

Cell division that results in 4 haploid cells(gametes)

Question 44

What performs Meiosis

Answer 44

Only performed by germ cells

Question 45

What are somatic cells

Answer 45

Any other cells that are not germ cells ex blood cells

Question 46

What are the 3 rounds in Meiosis

Answer 46

Round 1: DNA replication (chromosomes duplication) Round 2: Meiosis 1 Round 3 Meiosis 2

Question 47

What happens in Meiosis 1 prophase 1

Answer 47

Homologous pairs line up next to each other then crossover -> recombines the 2 chromosomes. 1st source of genetic variation

Question 48

What happens in Meiosis 1 prometaphse 1

Answer 48

Micro tubules attach to the diploid chromosome

Question 49

What happens in Meiosis 1 metaphase 1

Answer 49

Independent assortment into middle of cells, 2nd source of genetic variation

Question 50

What happens in the 3 last stages of Meiosis 1

Answer 50

Same as Mitosis, Anaphase - pull apart, Telophase - undo organelle stuff, Cytokineses - 2 daughter cells

Question 51

What happens in meiosis 2

Answer 51

Both the daugher cells go through cell division again (basically mitosis)

Question 52

What mistakes can happen during cell division

Answer 52

Incorrect # of chromosomes, chromosomes structure rearranged

Question 53

What is a Karyotype

Answer 53

# of chromosomes and apperance of chromosomes

Question 54

What is nondisjunction

Answer 54

Failed separation during meiosis -> chromosomes duplicated or lost

Question 55

What is Aneuploid

Answer 55

change in number of chromosomes

Question 56

What is Euploid

Answer 56

Correct number of chromosomes

Question 57

What is monosomy

Answer 57

lost chromosome -> inability to survive

Question 58

What is trisomy

Answer 58

gain chromosome -> Down Syndrome

Question 59

What is a Barr Body

Answer 59

In females the second X chromosome is shut down. The second X chromosome is always shut down.

Question 60

Klinefelter(XXY)

Answer 60

One is barr body, Can cause reduced body hair

Question 61

Triple X (XXX)

Answer 61

2 Barr bodies, Leads to Development delays and reduced fertilatity

Question 62

Chromosome rearragements

Answer 62

Duplication/deletion/inversion/translocation in replication leading to development/ physical changes