M4

Question 1

Magnification

Answer 1

Degree of enlargement

Question 2

Resolving power/Resolution

Answer 2

Detail and Clarity

Question 3

Light Microscope

Answer 3

Uses light from below, inexpensive, observe living organisms, Thin samples only, Not very powerful

Question 4

Dissecting microscope

Answer 4

Thick objects, 3D view, low magnification.

Question 5

Electron microscope

Answer 5

high magnification and resolving power, No living samples

Question 6

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 6

e beam moves across the cell surface, and observes surface structure.

Question 7

Transmission e microscope

Answer 7

e- beamed through sample, gets internal structure

Question 8

Robert Hooke

Answer 8

termed “cells” in 1670’s

Question 9

Antonie van leevwhenhoek

Answer 9

Lens hobbyist, Discovered several bacteria in 1670’s, Considered Father of microbiology

Question 10

Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwan

Answer 10

Botanist and zoologist, unified cell theory, 1830’s

Question 11

Unifed cell theory states

Answer 11

1) All living things are made of cells, 2)cell is the basic unit of life, 3)new cells come from existing cells.

Question 12

prokaryotic cells

Answer 12

simple unicellular, or nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. Dna located in nucleoid

Question 13

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 13

Unicellular or multicellular, Has nucleus + membrane-bound organelles, DNA located within nucleus, larger than prokaryotic cells, animal and plant cells.

Question 14

Form Follows Function (FFF)

Answer 14

structure relation to function

Question 15

Plasma membrane (PA)

Answer 15

Separate internal organelle contents from the outside environment. Regulates passage of substances, phospholipid bilayer(PLB)

Question 16

Cytoplasm

Answer 16

contents of the cell between membrane and nucleus

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

Collection of filaments that provide structure and movement for cell. Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, Microtubules

Question 18

Microfilaments

Answer 18

Thinnest, Used for cell division and Muscle contraction

Question 19

Intermediate filaments

Answer 19

Cell shape and Anchor organelles in place

Question 20

Microtubules

Answer 20

Thickest, organelle movement, Cell division, Centrosome

Question 21

Endomembrane System

Answer 21

collection of membrane and organelles involved in protein synthesis, 8 structures

Question 22

Nucleus

Answer 22

organelle that contains DNA (Chromotin), Synthesize ribosomes (nucleolus)

Question 23

Nuclear envelope

Answer 23

membrane that surrounds nucleus, PLB

Question 24

Ribosome

Answer 24

organelle for protien synthesis

Question 25

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Answer 25

organelle for portien synthesis and phospholipid synthesis

Question 26

Smooth ER

Answer 26

organelle for synthesis of carbs, lipid, and steroid horomones

Question 27

Golgi Apparatus GA

Answer 27

organelle for sorting, tag, package, ship lipids and protiens

Question 28

Vesicles

Answer 28

Organelle for storage + transport

Question 29

Vacuole

Answer 29

large vesicle

Question 30

Lysosome

Answer 30

Type of Vesicle to break down materials

Question 31

Mitochondria

Answer 31

Synthesizes ATP(energy carrying molecules), powerhouse of the cell

Question 32

Extracellular matrix

Answer 32

material secreted from cell, Holds cells together(tissue), cell communication, protection

Question 33

Intercellular Junctions IJ

Answer 33

When contact is made btwn cells, Plasmodesmata(plant cells)

Question 34

Tight Junction

Answer 34

Water tight seal

Question 35

Gap Junction

Answer 35

material transport

Question 36

Desmosome

Answer 36

allows for cells to slide against each other

Question 37

Plant cells specific

Answer 37

Cell Wall, Central vacuole, chloroplast

Question 38

Animal cell-specific

Answer 38

Centriole, centrosome, lysosome

Question 39

Cell Wall

Answer 39

Structure external to cell membrane, rigid, protection, cellulose

Question 40

Chloroplast

Answer 40

organelle where photosynthesis occurs

Question 41

Central Vacuole

Answer 41

fluid-filled organelle, provides outward pressure

Question 42

autotroph

Answer 42

organism that makes own food, plant photosynthesis

Question 43

Heterotroph

Answer 43

Animals that eat other organisms for food

Question 44

Cell Membrane CM

Answer 44

encloses cell, Flexible, controls passage of materials, Receptors + Protiens embedded in membrane

Question 45

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 45

CM is mosaic of components that flow and change position

Question 46

Membrane Transport

Answer 46

movement across CM, Selectively permeable (semi-permeable)

Question 47

Passive Transport PT

Answer 47

does not require/use energy. Transport via diffusion (spread). High concentration to Low concentration

Question 48

Cocentration gradient

Answer 48

Area of High concentration to low concentration

Question 49

Affectors of Rate of diffusion

Answer 49

The extent of concen gradient (Faster at high concen), Ambient Temperature (Hot has higher diffusion), Diffusion medium(gas has higher diffusion), Mass of molecules diffusing.

Question 50

Facilitated transport

Answer 50

PT assisted by protien

Question 51

Osmosis

Answer 51

diffusion across semipermeable membrane based on water concentration gradient, Water POV

Question 52

osmolarity

Answer 52

total amount of solution per 1 liter of solution

Question 53

tonicity

Answer 53

The capability of a solution to modify the volume of cells by change in water content.

Question 54

Hypotonic

Answer 54

extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than inside-cell

Question 55

Hypertonic

Answer 55

more concentration outside cell

Question 56

Lysis

Answer 56

cell death too much water

Question 57

crenation

Answer 57

too little water = shrivel cell

Question 58

Isotonic

Answer 58

Same osmolarity inside and outside, no net movement

Question 59

Electrical gradient

Answer 59

Gradient resulting from ions moving in/out of cell

Question 60

Electrochemical gradient

Answer 60

Combined gradient (electrical + concentration) that attracts an ion

Question 61

Active Transport (AT)

Answer 61

Requires/uses energy 3 types

Question 62

Primary AT

Answer 62

uses ATP, move ions across a membrane + creates a diff in charge across membrane

Question 63

Secondary AT

Answer 63

Uses energy from primary AT to move materials across the membrane

Question 64

Endocytosis

Answer 64

moves fluid/other particles into the cell

Question 65

Phoshocytosis

Answer 65

solutes into cell

Question 66

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 66

, Specific substances using binding proteins to move into cell

Question 67

Exocytosis

Answer 67

process of expelling materials from cell