Macro-Nutrients

Question 1

What are Macro-Nutrients?

Answer 1

Main Nutrients needed by the body in large amounts

Question 2

What are the 3 macro-nutrients?

Answer 2

Protein, Fats, Carbohydrates

Question 3

Functions of protein

Answer 3

~Growth and repair of body cells
~Maintenance of body cells
~Providing energy

Question 4

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 4

Amino Acids

Question 5

What is the type of protein that contains all the essential amino acids?

Answer 5

High Biological Value (HBV) protein

Question 6

Sources of HBV protein

Answer 6

Meat, fish, eggs, cheese, milk

(Also found in soya beans)

Question 7

What are Low Biological Value (LBV) proteins?

Answer 7

A protein that lacks one or more of the essential amino acids

Question 8

Sources of LBV protein

Answer 8

Cereal, rice, oats, nuts

Question 9

What is the impact on health of not eating enough protein?

Answer 9

~Growth in children slowed
~Cuts and wounds take longer to heal

Question 10

What is the impact on health of eating too much protein?

Answer 10

~Converted to fat in body which can lead to obesity if not used up
~Coronary Heart Disease

Question 11

Function of Carbohydrates

Answer 11

~Supply energy for activities
~Supply warmth and maintain normal body temperature

Question 12

What are the 2 groups of carbohydrates

Answer 12

Sugars & Starches

Question 13

Sources of Sugary carbohydrates

Answer 13

Cake, honey, soft drinks, chocolate

Question 14

What are the 2 types of sugar?

Answer 14

Intrinsic & Extrinsic

Question 15

What are intrinsic sugars?

Answer 15

Natural sugar found inside the cell wall of plants or in dairy foods

Question 16

Sources of Intrinsic sugar

Answer 16

Grapes, apples, milk

Question 17

What are extrinsic sugars?

Answer 17

Added sugars or those that have been released from the cell

Question 18

Sources of extrinsic sugars

Answer 18

Caster sugar, honey, syrup, smoothies

Question 19

Sources of starchy carbohydrates

Answer 19

Bread, rice, pasta, potatoes

Question 20

Impact of eating not enough carbohydrates

Answer 20

~lack of energy for daily activities which can lead to tiredness
~Weight loss

Question 21

Impact of eating too much carbohydrates

Answer 21

~Converted to fat in body which can lead to obesity and CHD
~Too much sugar can lead to type 2 diabetes and dental caries

Question 22

Function of fat

Answer 22

~Provide warmth (layer of insulation under skin)
~Provide concentrated source of energy
~Provide fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E)
~Provide essential fatty acids
~surround and protect vital organs

Question 23

What are the 2 types of fat

Answer 23

Saturated and Unsaturated

Question 24

What do saturated fats do?

Answer 24

Raise blood cholesterol levels, particularly bad cholesterol (Low-density lipoprotein (LDL))

Question 25

Why is Low-density lipoprotein bad?

Answer 25

Sticks to arteries leading to blockages and blood clots

Question 26

Sources of saturated fats

Answer 26

Red meat, butter, cheese, milk

Question 27

What do unsaturated fats do?

Answer 27

Lower LDL cholesterol in blood and increase good cholesterol (High-density lipoprotein (HDL)).

Question 28

Why is High-density lipoprotein good?

Answer 28

Helps to carry bad cholesterol away from the arteries and to the liver, where it is broken down to bile.

Question 29

Sources of unsaturated fats

Answer 29

Olive oil, avocados, nuts, seeds

Question 30

What are essential fatty acids?

Answer 30

Necessary fats that humans cannot make, must be obtained from diet

Question 31

Impact of not eating enough fats

Answer 31

~Omega-3 and fat-soluble vitamins reduced ~Tiredness ~Weight loss ~Reduced risk of CHD

Question 32

Impact of eating too much fats

Answer 32

~Build up and store in the body leading to weight gain and obesity ~fat raises LDL cholesterol levels in blood leading to CHD