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Carpentry & Construction Technology > Masonry > Flashcards

Masonry Flashcards

1
Q

What do construction joints in masonry do?

A

Isolate the masonry from the through wall elements such as doors and windows.

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2
Q

Control joints in masonry accommodate _______ and ______.

A

Thermal expansion and contraction.

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3
Q

The slope of coping on top of a brick wall is called…

A

wash

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4
Q

What is efflorescence?

A

A white, crystalline deposit from water-soluble salts on the surface of brick. It is caused when water seeps into the masonry and then evaporates leaving behind salts.

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5
Q

What is the equivalent block thickness of an 8” thick concrete block that is 60% solids?

A

Actual thickness is 7 5/8” (7.625) (7.625)(.60) = 4.58

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6
Q

Major Expansion joints are placed every ________ to ________ feet in large buildings?

A

100’ to 150’

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7
Q

Expansion and control joints are placed where in brick masonry walls?

A

Every 20’ and wherever a wall changes direction height of thickness

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8
Q

Horizontal expansion joints should be placed where?

A

below shelf angles that support the intermediate sections of brick below beams and slabs of brick

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9
Q

With Single wythe walls what is the maximum ratio of unsupported height or length to thickness cannot exceed?

A

20:1 in solid masonry walls 18:1 in hollow masonry

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10
Q

What is the spacing of horizontal reinforcement in both CMU and brick masonry walls?

A

16” on center

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11
Q

what are the 8 types of tooling in masonry construction?

A

concave, vee, flush, trowel struck, extruded, beaded, raked, weather struck

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12
Q

What is the slope of the coping called?

A

The wash

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13
Q

What is the typical spacing for weep holes?

A

24” on center

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14
Q

What type of cement would be best when tuck pointing a masonry wall?

A

High lime cement

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15
Q

What is mortar made of?

A

Portland Cement, hydrated lime, and an inert aggregate (sand)

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16
Q

What type of mortar would be best in an exterior load bearing application?

A

Type M and S

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17
Q

After what amount of time should masonry that was mixed be discarded?

A

2.5 Hours after it was mixed, because at this point the masonry has begun the chemical process

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18
Q

What are the three grades of building brick?

A

SW (Oregon and Eastern coast of US) MW (Midwest most of Washington) NW (Southern US, New Mexico Oklahoma Texas)

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19
Q

What are the three grades of facing brick

A

FBX- Best FBS- Middle FBA- Lowest

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20
Q

What are the average thickness for mortar joints?

A

1/4”-1/2”

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21
Q

How long after masonry is placed should the wall be struck?

A

1-2 hours

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22
Q

What are the 4 types of masonry joints that are good in exterior applications?

A

Weathered Joint Concave Joint Vee Joint Flush Joint

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23
Q

What is the ideal temperature range for laying brick?

A

40 degrees - 90 degrees

24
Q

T/F Brick should be wetted before setting to minimize water absorption.

A

TRUE

25
Q

Why is aluminum not used in flashing applications?

A

Because the chemical reaction that occurs between mortar and aluminum can disintegrate.

26
Q

What is the minimum clear airspace for a masonry wall?

A

2” while sometimes less with a rainscreen

27
Q

what is the ideal water to cement ratio?

A

.45-.50 avg. .35-.40 min.

28
Q

Fine aggregates are those that pass through a _______ seive?

A

number 4

29
Q

What are the aggregates in lightweight concrete?

A

Expanded clays, slags, and shales

30
Q

What are the aggregates in insulating concrete?

A

pumice, or cinders

31
Q

What are 6 different types of add mixtures that can be added to concrete?

A

Air entraining agents Accelerators Plasticizers Retarders Waterproofing Fly Ash

32
Q

Why would fly ash be specified as an addmixture in concrete?

A

It is a sustainable material left over from the coal burning process that increases the strength, decreases permeability, reduces temperature rise, increases sulfate resistance, and improves work-ability. It can also decrease the amount of cement required.

33
Q

How thick is the carbon fiber grid, in carbon fiber concrete, and how much stronger is it than steel mesh?

A

0.04 in thick and 7 times stronger

34
Q

How much strength does concrete gain after its first week of curing?

A

70% of its strength

35
Q

How much strength can concrete lose when it freezes while curing?

A

0.5

36
Q

How far can a typical 4’ wide, by 12” deep concrete core slab extend?

A

36’

37
Q

What is the architectural concrete finish called where shaped with liners of plastic wood or metal. Parallel rib liners are a common type. Joints and form tie holes are treated as desired either left exposed or patched.

A

Form Liner

38
Q

What is the architectural concrete finish called where the surface of the concrete is wetted and scrubbed with a wire or fiberbrush to remove some of the surface mortar and expose the coarse aggregate?

A

Scrubbed

39
Q

What is the architectural concrete finish called where the surface of the concrete is wetted with muriatic acid to expose and bring out the full color of the aggregate?

A

Acid Wash

40
Q

What is the architectural concrete finish called where a high pressure water jet mixed with air is used to remove some of the mortar and expose the aggregate

A

Water Jet

41
Q

What is the architectural concrete finish called where you have a rugged heavy texture by removing a portion of the surface made with form liners. The type of texture depends on the liner

A

Bush Hammering

42
Q

What is the architectural concrete finish called where finishes include the application of other materials such as stucco or concrete?

A

Applied

43
Q

What is the architectural concrete finish called that is produced by removing surface material from the concrete exposing the aggregate to varying degrees as specified by light medium or heavy.

A

Sand Blasted

44
Q

What is the architectural concrete finish called where the surface of the concrete is wetted and rubbed with a carborundum brick to produce a smooth uniform color and texture?

A

Smooth

45
Q

What is the architectural concrete finish called where grout is applied over the concrete and smoothed out to make the appearance uniform and conceal defects?

A

Grout cleaned

46
Q

How many days does it take for high early strength concrete to reach its 28 day strength?>

A

7-14 days

47
Q

What does the A represent in Type IA, Type IIA, Type IIIA cement?

A

Air Entraining

48
Q

What are the advantages for Air Entraining concrete?

A

Great for cold climates, and pavings, increases workability, and increases concretes resistance to freeze thaw cycles

49
Q

How do you size aggregate in concrete?

A

Aggregate should not be larger than 3/4 the size of the spacing of the rebar. or larger than 1/3 the depth of the slab

50
Q

What are the advantages of plasticizers?

A

Greater workability and they increase the strength of the concrete by reducing the concretes need for water.

51
Q

What is silica fume?

A

The byproduct of computer manufacturing it has EXTREMELY HIGH strength and low permeability

52
Q

What are the advantages of silica fume in concrete?

A

Increased compression strength Increased modulus of elasticity Increased durability Increased permeability

53
Q

What is a pozzolan?

A

A varicose natural/artificial material with similar properties to cement

54
Q

What is a fibrous admixture?

A

glass or steel fibers that when added to concrete increase its flexural stress.

55
Q

T/F High water to cement ratios decrease the strength of concrete.

A

TRUE

56
Q

In rebar what does the S or W mean?

A

S - Carbon steel W - Low alloy steel

Carpentry & Construction Technology (24 decks)

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