med terms exam 3 Flashcards by ainsley eis

2nd dictionary entry

reveals declension
for 3rd dec., reveals root

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body

corpus, corporis, n

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part

pars, partis

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pars

part

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partis

part

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pars, partis

part

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cavity, abdominal cavity

cavitas, cavitatis

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cavitas

abdominal cavity

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cavitatis

abdominal cavity

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organ

organum, -i

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organum, -i

organ

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artery

arteria, -ae

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vein

vena, -ae

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vessel

vas, vasis

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vas

vessel

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vasis

vessel

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vas, vasis

vessel

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bone

os, ossis

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os, ossis

bone

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muscle

musculus, -i

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nerve

nervus, -i

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head

caput, capitis

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caput

head

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capitis

head

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caput, capitis

head

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face

facies

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facies

face

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eye

oculus

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oculus

eye

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auris

ear

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ear

auris

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nasus

nose

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nose

nasus

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mouth

os, oris

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mouth

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oris

mouth

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os, oris

mouth

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cheek

bucca, -ae

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bucca

cheek

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chin

mentum

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mentum

chin

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occiput, back of head

occiput, occipitis

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forehead

sinciput, sincipitis

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sinciput, sincipitis

forehead

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tempus, temporis

tempora temple of the head

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collum

neck

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neck

collum

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cervix

neck

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neck

cervix

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trunk

truncus

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-ion

the result of, result of an action

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-ure

result of

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nominal suffixes

act of, result of, means of
RAM of

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-cle, -cul-

RAM of
result, act, means of

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-crum, -cr-

RAM of
result, act, means of

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-culum

RAM of
result, act, means of

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-men, -min-

RAM of

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-ment

RAM of

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-mentum

RAM of
result, act, means of

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-trum, -tr-

RAM of

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-ure

RAM of
result, act, means of

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-us

RAM of

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diminutives

little versions
-cle

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-ature

collection/system of something
NOT -ure

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ambul-

to walk

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to walk

ambul

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cer

to wax

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to wax

cer
cerumen, ceraceous

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clos, clud, clus-

to shut, close
closure
occlusion

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to shut, close

clos-, clud, clus-
closure
occlusion

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fid, fiss-

to split

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to split

fid-, fiss
fissure, spina bifida

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fil-

thread

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thread

fil-
filament

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for-

to bore, pierce
forament
perforation

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to bore, pierce

for-
perforation

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hal-, halit-

to breathe

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to breathe

hal-, halit-

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hi-, hiat-

to stand open, to gape

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to stand open, to gape

hi-, hiat-

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lig-, Ligat-

to bind

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to bind

lig, ligat
ligament

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mov-, mot, mo-

to move

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to move

mov-, mot-, mo-
momentum
motion

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pig-

to paint, to dye

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to paint, to dye

pig-

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press-

to press

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to press

press-

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punct-, pung-

to prick

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to prick

punct-, pung-

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rupt-

to break, to burst

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break, burst

rupt-

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sciss-

to cut, split

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to cut, split

sciss-

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sed-, -sid-, sess-

to sit, settle

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to sit, settle

sed-, -sid-, sess-

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spec-, spect-

to look at

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to look at

spec-, spect-

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stimul-

to urge, to goad

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to urge, to goad

stimul-

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tect-, teg-

to cover
protective,

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to cover

tect-, teg-
protective

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temper, temperat-

to moderate, to blend

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to moderate, to blend

temper-, temperat

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tinn, tinnit-

to ring

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to ring

tinn, tinnit-

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tract-

to draw, drag

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to draw, drag

tract-

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volv, volu, volut

to roll
revolution

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to roll

volv, volu, volut
volvulus

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// containment

con / tain / ment
act of holding together

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cerumen

cer / u/ men

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contracture

con / tract / ure

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rupture

rupt / ure

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foramen

for / a / men

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halitus

halit / us

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motion

mot / ion

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protective

pro / tect / ive

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scissure

scissors / ure

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segment

seg / ment

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tegmen

teg / men

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an appendage, means of trying for

tentacle

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result of the act of pressing

pressure

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pierce from act of breaking

fragment

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means of nourishing

nutrition

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related to act of settling (minerals)

sedimentary

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stirring up feelings

sentimental, sensual

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result of act of splitting

fissure

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glans

acorn

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acorn

glans

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penis, phallus

tail

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scrotum

leather pouch

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leather pouch
money bag

scrotum

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ampulla

jar, container

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testis

testicle, witness

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testicle

testis

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witness

testis

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epididymis

upon the testicles, upon the twins

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symphysis pubis

growing together of pubic bones

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prepuce

foreskin

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foreskin

prepuce

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urina

bladder

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ejaculatory

disposed to ejaculate

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urinary bladder

-ary having to do with urine

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vesic-

bladder

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bladder

vesic

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Galen on the usefulness of parts

wished waste products like urine flowed out from the feet
the body is a balance between functional design and beautiful aesthetics/decorations

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cicero on the body

the body is mysterious
we don’t know about it
not even dissection helps to understand

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substantive

adjectives can be used as nouns

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adjectives can be used as nouns

substantive

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place of suffixes

nominal
arium
ary
ble, bule, bula, bulum,
orium
-ory

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place of

arium, orium
ary, ory
bulum, bula, ble, bule

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-ory

place of
dormitory, purgatory

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-orium

place of, nominal
auditorium

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bula

place of

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-bulum

place of

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-ble

place of
mandible

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-bule

place of
vestibule

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-ary

place of

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-arium

place of

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person/thing doing suffixes

nominal
-ant, cant,
ent, ient
-or
assistant, current, motor, contaminator

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-ant

person/thing doing

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-iant

person/thing doing

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-ent

person/thing doing

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-ient

person/thing doing

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-or

person/thing doing

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aper, apert-

to open

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to open

aper, apert-
aperture

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av-

bird

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bird

av-

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crem-, cremat-

to burn

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to burn

crem, cremat

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dilat

spread out

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spread out

dilat

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don, donat-

to give

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to give

don, donat

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firm-

strong, able

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strong, able

firm-

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habit, habitat-

to dwell

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to dwell

habit-, habitat

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I, it-

to go

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to go

I-, it-
exit, transient, itinerary

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lubric-, lubricat-

to make smooth

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to make smooth

lubric, lubricat-

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moll-

soft

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soft

moll
emollient, mollusk

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oper-, operat-

to work

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to work

oper, operat-

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ori, ort

to rise
abortion, disorient

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to rise

ori, ort
abortion, disorient

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oscill, oscillat

to swing

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to swing

oscill, oscillat-

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oss-

bone

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bone

oss

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pati, pass

to suffer, endure

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to suffer, endure

pati, pass

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pend, pens-

to hang, weigh, pay

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to hang, weigh, pay

pend-, pens-
pendulum, appendix, pension

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pil

hair

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hair

pil
pileous

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pred, predat-

prey, to hunt

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reg-, -rig-, rect-

to rule, make straight

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to rule, make straight

reg-, -rig-, rect-
erector

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rod-, ros-

to gnaw

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to gnaw

rod, ros-
corrosion
rodent

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spir, spirat-

to breathe

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to breathe

spir, spirat
respirator

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string, strict-

to draw tight
constrictor

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to draw tight

string-, strict-
constrict

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tribu-, tribut-

to assign, to allot

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to assign, allot

tribu, tribut-

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vit, viv-

life, to live

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life, to live

vit-, viv

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transient

trans / I / ent
tending to go through, inclined to pass away

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abortion

to miscarry
ab- = NOT
not to rise

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extensor

ex / tens / or
muscle extends part of body

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depilatory

de / pil / at / ory
used to remove hair

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ossuary

oss / u / ary
receptacle for bones

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abortorium

ab / ort / orium
clinic for abortions

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ovarian

ov / ar / ian
having to do with ovaries

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expectorant

ex / pector / ant
substance causing discharge of mucus

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infirmary

in / firm / ary
area for the sick

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restriction

re / strict / ion
drawing or holding back

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erector

e / rect / or
on who erects

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place where plants preserved

vivarium, herbarium

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something that nourishes

nutrient

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something causes movement

motor

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something swinging back and forth

oscillator

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something that drags

tractor

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one who hears, takes account of

auditor

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something that presses down

depressor

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one who apportions resources

distributor

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oscillopsia

illusionary perception og stationary objects moving

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abortive

premature expulsion of fetus

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astringent

agent with constricting or binding effect

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interosseous

between the bones

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aperient

mild laxative opens the bowels

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suspension

attachment of body part to supporting structure

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cohabitation

act of living with another entity

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nasociliary

relating to nose and eyebrows

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expedient

something that quickens a task, an advantage

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papilla

small nipple shaped projection

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insemination

discharge of semen to fertilize ovum

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appendix

accessory, hangin on part

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pileous

hairy

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distal

farther removed from given point of reference

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respirometer

device to measure breathing quality

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vor-

to eat

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ann, enn

year

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flor

floral

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year

ann, enn

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loc-

place

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mort-

death

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labia majora

bigger lips

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labia minora

smaller lips

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vagina

sheath, scabbard

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sheath, scabbard

vagina

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cervix

opening to womb
(neck)

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cervix uteri

opening to the womb

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ovaries

produce eggs, ova

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fornix

arch, curved surface
brothel
3 in vagina

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arch

fornix

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uterus

womb

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womb

uterus

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belly

alvus

belly

venter

stomach

venter

uterine

having to do with uterus

uterine

related to urethra

urethral

related to urethra

sigmoid colon

shaped like a sigma

macrobius

stomach should be the father authority of the body

plato

the head is the most divine and spherical

wearing ring on finger

when body’s cut open, a nerve runs from heart to the finger so it should be decorated

galen on the the brain

the brain is divine, more likely to be the ruler of body than the heart

Homer’s Odyssey

hero Odysseus - stomach is wretched (hunger, Macrobius)

believe the heart rules

Aristotle and stoics
kardia for heart, kratia for rule
nerves of heart to the finger rings

diminutive nouns

little
smaller, little versions

flagellum

tiny whip

diminutive suffixes

cle, cule
ellus, ella, ellum
ette, et
ule, ole, -le
ulus, ula, ulum, olus, ola, olum

-cule

little (diminutive)

-cle

little (diminutive)

-ellus, -ella, -ellum

(diminutive) little

-et, -ette

(diminutive) little

-ole, -le, -ule

little (diminutive)

-ula, ulus, ulum, olus

little (diminutive)

nominal -cle

RAM od
result, act, means of

rare diminutives

-el
-il
ills, illa, illum
uncle
unculus

to make, to cause to be suffix

-fy, -ize

to make, to cause to be

-esce

process begins/continues
–> -escent

to make, to cause to be

-fy, -ize

to begin, to become/grow

-esce
verbal

-esce

to begin, to become/grow

-ate

to make, perform act of

-ate

anim-

soul spirit

capill

hair (on head)
capillary
(caput = head; pil = body hair)

cand

to glow white

hair (on head)

capill

to glow white

cand

cell

room

cell

circ

circle, ring

circle ring

circ

clav

key

clav

cut-

skin

cut

ferr-

iron

ferr-

flor-

flower

flor-

foll-

bag

foll-
follicle

germ, germin-

sprout, bud, germ

sprout, germ , bud

germ, germin

glabr-

smooth

glabr-

glob-

sphere, lump

lump, sphere

glob-

gran-

grain, seed

grain seeed

gran-

loc-, locat

place

loc, locat

mol-

mass, bulk

mol-

mort-

death

mort

plan-

flat

plan
planar

pulv, pulver-

dust

pulv, pulver
pulverize

ret

net

ret-

sicc, siccat-

dry, to dry

sicc, siccat-

tuber-

swelling

tuber-

ungu-

finger/toe nail

ungu

viscer-

entrails, organs, innards

entrails

viscer-

muscle

little mouse

corpuscle

corpus / cle
little body of matter

expectorate

ex / pector / ate
to discharge from chest

glabella

glab / ella
smooth area between eyebrows

naturalize

nat / ur / al / ize
adapt a plant/animal to new environ

molecule

mol / e/ cule
small mass or particle

planula

plan / ula
larva with flat body

florescent

flor / esc / ent
flowering

rectify

rect / I / fy
to make right

ferrule

ferr / ule
metallic ring for holding things together

to grind up into dust

pulverize

a little ear, earlobe

auricle

turn into liquid

liquify

small bone

ossicle

hair like blood vessel

capillary

to make clean

sanitize

to cause to die

mortify

to take the entrails out

eviscerate

glabrate

smooth, bald

desiccation

act of drying out

mortiferous

bringing death

globule

small rounded body

unguiculus

small nail or claw

siccostabile

not altered by drying

visceroparietal

related to entrails

granule

small grain like mass

reticulation

formation of network mass

ferrokinetics

study of use, storage of iron

nox, noct

night

macul-

spot

pet-

to seek, ask for
centripetal, petition

form-

form, shape

ultim-

last, farthest

staphyle

bunch of grapes
–> staphylococcus

uvula

little grape

epiglottis

upon the tongue
flap ata the roof of tongue that covers glottis during swallowing

gingiva

gum

tonsillae

tonsils

amygdala

almonds

palatum

roof of mouth as the sky

papillae

nipples of the tongue
4 categories
filiform, fungiform, foliate, circumvallate

fil-

thread

filiform

papillae of tongue are thread shaped

fungiform

papillae of tongue are mushroom shaped

foliate

papillae of tongue shaped like leaves

circumvallate

papillae of tongue are surrounded by rampart

phys-

nature

gno

to know

what do physical features reveal?

Medea play - men are not like gold. cant tell if real fake, honest deceitful
pliny the elder believed body could predict future

physiognomy

signs of the corpus
- stereotypic and racist

mult-

many

medi-

middle

peninsula

almost an island

-cide

murder

dens-

thick

lat-

wide

nov-

new

centr-

center

equ

equal, even

magn

great

medi

middle

mult

many, much

pen

almost

pen

plur

many

plur, mult

vari

different, varied

-cide

kill, murder

-fuge

flight escape

-grade

step, degree

-ped(e)

foot

aev-, -ev-

age, period of time

longevity
aev-, -ev-

al-

wing

al-

ann-, enn

year

ann-, enn

calci-

limestone, calcium

calci-

cili-

eyelid, eyelash

cili-

foli-

leaf

foli-
exfoliate

herb-

grass

herb-

lamin-

thin plate

lamin-

macul-

spot

macul
immaculate

matr-, matern

mother

matr, matern

nod-

knot
multinodal

knot

nod

not(urn), nox

night

not(urn), nox

omn-

all, every

omn-

patr-, patern

father

patr, patern

pet, petit

to seek, ask for

pet, petit
centripetal
petition

sept-

fence, to separate

sept-
septum

spic-

point, spike

spic-

ultim-

last, farthest

ultim-

umbr

shade, shadow

umbr-

unc-, uncin-

hook

unc-, uncin

verm

worm

verm

vill-

shaggy hair, tuft of hair

shaggy or tuft of hair

vill-

voc-

voice, to call

voice to call

voc-

vor-

to eat

vor-

multiciliate

mult / i / cili / ate

egocentric

ego / centr / ic

primeval

prim / ev / al

febrifuge

febr / i / fuge

exfoliate

ex / foli / ate

lamelliform

lam / ell / I / form
shape of a small thin plate

pluriseptate

plur / i / sept / ate
having several partitions

unciform

unc / I / form
shaped like a hook

equinox

equi / nox
day when duration of night = duration

shaped like a wing

aliform

mowing something bigger

magnification

having many leaves

plurifoliate

having diff forms

multiform

unspotted

immaculate

second to last, almost last

penultimate

plurennial

lasting for many years

maculopapular

having colored spots

varicella

infectious disease marked by rashes/spots

nodose

swollen knot like at intervals

uncinariasis

condition of being infested with hookworms

oviform

egg shaped

cilioretinal

related to ciliary body and the retina

villosity

being covered with shaggy hairs

tooth divisions

crown, neck and root
corona, collum/cervix, radix

crown

corona

neck

collum or cervix

root

radix

pulpa dentis

soft pulp of core of tooth

dentin(e)

hard chemical substance

cementum

rough-hewn stone
protects dentin; a bonelike connective tissue
from base cid- = to cut

enamel

to smelt
hard, smooth glossy surface

gingiva

gum

around the tooth

periodontal ligament

around the tooth
around the root, connects to alveolar bone

occlusal

top of molars and premolars

molars

grinding function
mola = millstone

mola

millstone
molars

bicuspid

2 cusped premolars
before the moalrs

canins

4 dog teeth

incisors

cutting into teeth

opinions on athletes

galen - they are still vulnerable and most at risk bc the rigor they practice is unnatural

verb suffixes

ate, esce, fy, ize

adjective suffixes

ary, ose, ate, form

adductor

ad duct or

sanatorium

sanat / orium

ovulate

ov - ul - ate

corrosion

cor - ros - ion

dentiform

dent - I - form

incandescent

in - când - esc - ent

herbivorous

herb - I - vor - ous

dilation

dilat - ion

multimacular

mult - i - macul - ar

invigorate

in - vig - or - ate

arbor

tree

clin-

inclination, decline
to lend

jug, junct

to join

aborting a fetus

feticide

tends to flout from center

centrifugal

act of doing something again

repetition

to bring to focus in middle

concentrate

recurring every year

perennial

dividing wall/membrane

septum

a little knot

nodule

used for tying or binding (bones)

ligament

melancholia

melan / col / ia
the state of black bile
- humoral thry

gonorrhea

gon / o / rrhea
belief discharge consisted of seminal fluid (seed)

rheumatism

from flow of watery humors in body

4 humors

blood, phlegm/mucus, yellow and black bile
retained for humors of the eye

vitreous

glass

contraction

general to specific
ex - epilepsy

epilepsy as contraction

from general to specific
from all seizures to 1 specific disease

typhus

smoke or mist

eclampsia

light burst from the lamp
disease that suddenly came on –> now specific pregnancy complication

glaucoma

grey green eye color

herpes

creep now STI

expansion

from specific to general meaning

semantic changes

contraction
expansion transfer
reversal
equivocal

expansion EX

epithelium
skin over nipple to all skin
nausea
from seas sickness to all sickness

reversal EX

values meant bow legged not knock kneed

RAM of

nominal form nouns

vas deferens

vessel of bearing, carrying away vessel

seminal vesicle

little bladder

prostate

to stand before

glans penis

acorn of the penis

dissection

hellenistic period in 330s
herophilus and erasistratus did human dissections (on criminals)

hellenistic period

Alexander the Great died 323
greek culture thrives in Alexandria
1st libraries

herophilus

in hellenistic period,
discovered and named structures
distinguished veins and arteries and nerves and pulses
static

erasistratus

focused on brain and heart
valves to prevent reflux
more dynamic, body as living and functioning organism

place of suffixes

nominal nouns
arium, orium
ary ory
ble, bule, bula, bulum

person/thing doing

-ant, ent
iant, int
-or

ovary

place of the eggs

fallopian tube

named after person fallopia

fundus

bottom
furthest removed from vaginal exit

fimbriae

fringes at Fallopian tubes

infundibulum

a place for pouring in - funnel

endometrium

inner wall of uterus

Soranus of Ephesus

modern turkey, 2nd c. AD
trained everywhere (alexandria , Rome) known for gynecology
wrote of childbirth, and compassionate treatment
wrote 3 books
described ideal midwife
how to determine if infant is worth rearing
rejected wandering womb theory

soranus

from Ephesus of turkey
2nd c. AD
gynecologist
writer

thorax

thorax, thoracis

chest

precuts, pectoris

back

dorsum, -i

back

abdomen

abdomen, abdominis

groin

inguen, inguinis

groin

limb

membrum

limb

armpit

axilla, axilllae

axilla

armpit

brachium, brachii

arm

brachium, brachii

cubitus

elbow

cubitus

forearm

antebrachium

wrist

carpus

wrist

palm

palma, vola

vola, palma

palm

thumb

pollex

thumb

nates, natis

buttocks

clunis, clunes

buttocks

clones, nates

hip

coxa

hip

thigh

femur, femoris

thigh

knee

genu

knee

posterior knee

poples, poplitis

posterior knee

leg

crus, cruris

leg

calf

sura,

sura

calf

ankle

tarsus

ankle

heel

calx, calcis

heel

sole

planta

sole

big toe

hallux, hallex, hallucis

venae dorsi colli

veins of the back of the neck

digiti pedis

toes of the foot

partes genus

parts of the knee

vasa atrium capitis

vessels of the ears of the head

ora venarum menti

mouths of the veins of the chin

venae buccae faciei

veins of the cheek of the face

nervi natium

nerves of the buttocks

cavitates corporis

cavities of the body

where are adjectives

usually after the noun they modify

types of adjectives

1/2nd declension (3 dictionary entries) 3rd d = 2 dict. entries

armadillo

little armed man

verbal suffixes

-ate = to make, act of
-esce = to begin, become/grow
-fy = to make, cause to be
-ize = to make, cause to be

molecule

little mass

larynx

throat

pharynx

gullet

esophagus

to carry and eat from

palatum

palate of mouth = sky

frenulum linguae

little bridle of the tongue

ovid’s story

the metamorphoses

1/2 declension adjectives - singular endings

NOM
M -us
Fem - a
Neut -um
GEN MFN -i, -ae, -i

1/2 declension adjectives - plural

NOM MFN = -I, -ae, -a
GEN MFN = orum, arum, orum

1/2 declension adjectives - NOM SING

MFN = -us, a, -um

1/2 declension adjectives - GEN SING

-I, -ae, -i

1/2 declension adjectives - PLURAL NOM

MFN = -I, ae, -a

1/2 declension adjectives - GEN PLURAL

MFN = orum, arum, orum

adjective EXCEPTION

masc. NOM singular for -er endings instead of -us

dictionary entry for adjectives

1/2 declension ALL NOM SING, masc. fem, neuter

Os (nom sing neut) long___

longUM

carpus (NSM) extern___

externUS

genu (NSN) valg___

valgum

collum calcis (GSF) ver___

verae

nervus (NSM) dext___

dextER

nervus manus (GSF) extern___

externae

Which noun does adjective ‘interni’ modify in ‘Musculus brachii interni’?

brachii

Which noun does the adjective ‘internae’ modify in ‘Ossa manus internae’?

manus

Which noun does the adjective ‘dexter’ modify in ‘Digitus pedis dexter’?

digitus

3rd dec. adjectives

3 types
3, 2, and 1 termination
declined as I-stems

termination

for each or for all the genders

noun into nominative forms of adjectives

3rd dec. -Aris and -alis translate to al and -ar

3rd declension dictionary entries

2 entries: NOM sing MF & neuter

venae (NFP) proximal__

proximalES
3rd

Os (NSN) ventral__

ventrale

brachium (NSN) brev__

breve

muscle stratum (GPF) distal__

distalium

caveats organi (GSN) superficial__

superficialis

which noun does proximal modify in - muscle brachii proximales

musculi

Which noun does ‘proximale’ modify in ‘Vas brachiorum proximale’?

vas
NSN

Which noun does ‘proximales’ modify in ‘Arteriae membri proximales’?

arteriae
NOM plural

Which noun does ‘proximalis’ modify in ‘Ossa faciei proximalis’?

faciei

3rd dec. adjectives SINGULAR endings

Nom
is, e
Gen: is, is

3rd dec. plural adjectives endings

Nom: es, ia
Gen: ium, ium

metamorphoses

cadmus is sent on new journey
encounters and kills snake/dragon
earth-born warriors arise - 1 echoin
cadmus grandson g actaeon transformed into stag, hunted by his dogs
transformed by nymph who he watched bath
nymph echo sees narcissus and falls in love
Juno punished echo
narcissus sees himself and falls in love
heart broken, into flower

ovid

was exiled by Augustus

narc

to numb

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