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medications Flashcards

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1
Q

what is Naprosyn used for?
how it work
and common side effects

A

is anti-flammatory drug ,analgesic and antipyretic - used for rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis,ankylosing spondylitis, JIA and pain due to inflammation
works on inhitbing prostaglandins
common side effects nausea,dyspepsia,GI ulceration or bleeding,raised liver enzymes,diarrhoea, headache , dizziness and salt and fluid retention

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2
Q

what is cozavan used for?
how it work
and common side effects

A

Used for hypertension and works by Competitively block binding of angiotensinII to type1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors. They reduce angiotensinII-induced vasoconstriction, sodium reabsorption and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensinII on sympathetic nervous activity and growth factors
common side effects dizziness, headache, hyperkalaemia

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3
Q

lithium common side effect and what its used for

A

mood stabilisers main choice drug for acute mania
tremor,stomach upset,polyuria,polydipsia

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4
Q

What dose ADME stand for ?

A

absorption
distribution
metabolism
excretion

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5
Q

is it ends in PRIL or SARTAN what dose that mean?

A

it means it lowers blood pressure

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6
Q

is it ends in PRIL or SARTAN what dose that mean?

A

it means it lowers blood pressure

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7
Q

what dose it mean if a medication ends in PINES and how dose it work

A

it lowers blood pressure by blocking CA channels

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8
Q

Non-dihydropyidines verapamil and diltiazem dose what ?

A

it targets the calium channel more in the heart to decrease blood pressure

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9
Q

AMITRIPTYLINE

A

for major depression
side effects: sedation,dry month,blurred vision, dialation of the pupil, decrease eye lube, constipation, weight gain, blood pressure standing and sitting , tachycardia, urinary problems

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10
Q

aspirin

A

INDICATIONS :ACS-Acute coronary syndrome
history of symptomatic atherosclerosis- cholesterol build up
relief of pain, inflammation and fever
adverse effects- GI irritation, asymptomatic blood loss, increased bleeding time
MODE OF ACTION: inhibits platelet aggegation by irreversibly inhibiting cyclo-oxygenase, reducing the synthesis of

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11
Q

atorvastatin

A

WHAT ITS USED FOR :hypercholesterolaemia-High amounts of cholesterol in the blood.
hypertensive patients with additional risk factors of heart disease
WORKS BY : competitvely inhibiting 3-hydroxy3-methylglutarly coenzyme A, increase hepatic cholesterol uptake from blood , reducing concentrations of total cholesterol
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS: myalgia, mild transient GI symptoms, headaches, sleep disurbance, dizziness

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12
Q

docusate

A

WHAT ITS FOR: Constipation
WORKS BY: soften stools by assisting mixture of water into faeces
common side effects:adominal cramps , diarrhoea, nausea, rash

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13
Q

fluticasone-salmeterol

A

WHAT ITS FOR : maintence of asthma and COPD

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14
Q

haloperidol

A

WHAT ITS FOR: anitphychotic drug , acture mania, acute/chronic psychoses, tourette, choreas

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15
Q

lercanidipine

A

USED FOR :hypertension and angina
HOW IT WORK: block inward current of calcium into cell in vascular smooth muscle

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16
Q
A

de

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17
Q

Macrogol

A

used for constipation

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18
Q

Magnesium aspartate

A

oral electrolytes

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19
Q

mirtazapine

A

USED FOR :major depression
WORKS BY :Postsynaptic blockade of sertonin 5HT2 AND 5HT3 receptors and presynaptic blockade of central alpha2 adrenergic inhibitory autoreptors. it is aalso a potent H1 antagonist which accounts for its sedative effects

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20
Q

Pantoprazole

A

For heartburn
HOW IT FOR: peptic ulcer disease,GORD, Zollinger- Ellison syndrome
HOW IT WORKS :binds to the hydrogen/ potassium ATPase enzyme system (Proton pump), inhibiting both stimulated and basal acid secretion

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21
Q

prazosin

A

USED FOR: hypertension and relief in BPH(benign prostatic hyperplasia or enlarged prostate)
HOW IT WORK: selective alpha 1 blocker:arteriolar and venous vasodilation results in decreased peripheral resistance and BP.BPH

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22
Q

BISOPROLOL

A

WHO IT FOR : chronic heart failure
HOW IT WORK: competitively block beta receptors in the heart, peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas,uterus , kidney , brain and liver. Beta blockers reduce heart rate,BP and cardiac contractility: also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the atrioventricular node and prolong atrial refractory periods.

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23
Q

Propranolol

A

USED FOR:hypertension, angina,tachyarrhythmias ect
HOW IT WORK: completitelu blocks beta receptors in the heart, peripheral vasculature,bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brain and liver
Beta blockers reduce heart rate,BP and cardiac contractility :also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the artioventricular(AV) node and prolong artial refractory peroids

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24
Q

zolpidem

A

WORKS BY : inhibition effects of GABA
USED FOR:short term insomnia( persistent problem falling and staying asleep.)

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25
thiamine or B1
WORKS BY:coenzyme incarbohydrate METABOLISM WHO IT FOR: alcohol misuse, malnutrition, severe malabsoption, prolong fasting, total parenteral nitrition
26
enoxaparin
thins blood WORKS BY: inactivate clotting factors IIa and Xa by binding to antithrombin 3
27
Pregabalin
USED FOR :neuropathic pain, Seizures
28
levodopa-benserazide
USED FOR : parkinson disease WORKS BY : levodopa is converts to dopamine in the brain and peripheral tissues and replenishes depleted striatal dopamine.Benserazide reduces peripheral dopamine production
29
macrogol
constipation facal impact WORK BY :Increasing fluid in stool
30
metaformin
type 2 diabetes reduces hepatic glucose production
31
moxonidine
hypertension WORKS BY : acting agonist at I1 imidazoline receptors and alpha2 adrenoreptors, it reducesBP by reducing sympathetic tone
32
sertraline
What its used for : major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disoder, social phobia, prementrual dysphoric disoder WORKS BY : SSRIs selectively inhibit the presynapic reuptake of serotonin
33
colecalciferol
Who it for: THOSE LOW IN vitamin D HOW IT WORK?: regulate calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. increase intesterinal absorption and renal reabsorption of calcium phosphate. Promote bone mineralisation
34
sodium citrate-sodium lauryl sulfocetate-sorbitol
used for constripation
35
clonidine
what its used for :HYPERTENSION, treatment of meopausal flushing How it work: acting agoinist at alpha2 adren
36
gliclazide
what its used for : TYPE 2 DIABETES HOW it works: Increase pancreatic insulin secretion; may decrease insulin resistance
37
haloperidol
WHAT ITS USED FOR:acute and chronic psychoses, acute mania, tourette syndrome and other choreas
38
PERINDOPRIL
WHAT ITS USED FOR : Hypertension, chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction as part of standard treatment
39
valproate
WHAT IS IT USED FOR : primary generalised epilepsy HOW IT : prevents repetitive neuronal discharge by blocking voltage and use dependant sodium channels , other actions include enhancement of GABA, inhibiting of glutamate and bloackade of T-TYPE calcium channels
40
bisoprolol
what its used for : chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction as part of standard treatment, used in range of cardivascular conditions hypertension, angina,MI ECT HOW IT WORK:complietely blocks beta receptors which help to reduce heart rate, BP AND cardiac contractility:also depress sinus nod and slow conduction through the av
41
lansoprazole
what its used for : peptic ulcer disease GORD H.PYLORI eradication, as part of an effective regimen dyspepsia HOW IT WORK: bind to hydrogen/potassium APTase enzyme system(proton pump), inhibiting both stimulated and basal acid secretion
42
baclofen
WHAT ITS USED FOR: chronic spasticity associated with MS and spinal cord lesions, chronic spasticity of cerebral origin HOW IT WORK: mucle relaxant :it is structural analogue of GABA;GABAb agonist. inhibits transmission at spinal level and depresses the CNS
43
escitalopram
WHAT ITS USED FOR: major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder HOW IT WORK:SSRIs selectively inhibit the presynapic reuptake of serotonin
44
mometasone nasal
WHAT ITS USED FOR; allergic rhinitis,acute rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps HOW IT WORK: produces local anti-inflammatory effects, decrease capillary permeability and muscus production, and produce vasocontriction in the nasal mucosa
45
prednisolone
WHAT IS IT USED FOR : in a wide range of conditions for there anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant effects,used in physiological doses as replacment therapy in adrenal insufficiency HOW IT WORK:Regulates gene expression
46
tapentadol
what its used for :sever pain HOW IT WORK: act on receptors in the CNS and GIT producing analgesia
47
aluminium hydroxide
WHAT ITS USED FOR :symptomatic relief of dyspepsia(indigestion)
48
lacosamide
used to treat partial-onset seizures
49
amlodipine
HOW IT WORK:blocks inward current of calcium into cell in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L -type calcium channels WHAT IT TREAT: hypertension , angina
50
ezetimibe
WHAT ITS USED FOR : hypercholesterolaemia,homozygous sitosterolaemia HOW it WORK:reduces absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol by in hibiting it transport across the intestinal wall. this leads to an increased demand for cholesterol, an increase in LDL uptake and its removal from the plasma
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52
rosuvastatin
WHAT ITS USED FOR:hypercholesterolaemia, high risk of cardiovascular disease HOW IT WORK:Competitively inhibit 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. increase hepatic cholesterol uptake from blood, reduce concentration of total cholesterol,LDL and triglyceride and produce a small increase in HDL concentrations
53
Diazepam
HOW IT WORK: benzodiazepines potentiate the inhibitory effects of GABA th WHAT IT TREATS: short-term anxiety, agitation, acute alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasm or spasticity, premedication, procedural sedation, status epilepticus
54
bisacodyl
WHAT IT TREATS:constipation, Bowel preparation HOW IT WORK: act by direct stimulation of nerve endings in colonic mucosa to increase intestinal motility. May also cause accumulation of water and electrolytes in the colonic lumen
55
ferrous sulfate
WHAT IT TREATS: Iron deficiency
56
flucloxacillin
WHAT IT TREATS: staphylocccal skin infection,pneumonia, osteomyelitis,septic arthritis, septicaemia, empirical treatment for endocarditis HOW IT WORK: Bactericidal;interfere with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, eventually leading to cell lysis and death
57
levetiracetam
WHAT IT TREATS: seizures
58
salbutamol
WHAT IT TREATS: relief from asthma and COPD, prevention of excise -induced bronchoconstriction,management of preterm labour HOW IT WORK : relax bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta 2 adrenoreptors
59
Allopurinol
Used to treat gout Mode of action :Inhibit xanthine oxidase which reduces production of uric acid, lowering serum urate concentration and allowing acute flares and crystal deposits to resolve if long-term serum urate <0.36 mmol/L. What its used for : to reduce uric acid levels in the blood to treat and prevent gout or kidney stones
60
Amlodpine
Used to treat high blood pressure, chest pain and coronary heart disease Mode of action :Block inward current of calcium into cells in vascular smooth muscle, myocardium and cardiac conducting system via L‑type calcium channels.Act on coronary arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen requirements, relieving angina symptoms. Dihydropyridines act mainly on arteriolar smooth muscle to reduce peripheral vascular resistance and BP. They have minimal effect on myocardial cells. Non-dihydropyridines: diltiazem and verapamil act on cardiac and arteriolar smooth muscle. They reduce cardiac contractility, heart rate and conduction, with verapamil having the greater effect. Diltiazem has a greater effect on arteriolar smooth muscle than verapamil.
61
Buprenorphine
Buprenorphine is prescribed for the medical treatment of people with an opioid drug dependence , also for acute and chronic pain Mode of action:Opioid analgesics act on receptors in the CNS and GIT producing analgesia, respiratory depression, sedation and constipation. They act mainly at mu-opioid receptors in the CNS, reducing transmission of the pain impulse, and by modulating the descending inhibitory pathways from the brain. Cough suppression occurs in the medullary centre of the brain
62
Calcitriol
treats low calcium levels caused by kidney disease. It can also treat parathyroid gland conditions Modeof action :Regulate calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Increase intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of calcium and phosphate. Promote bone mineralisation.
63
Clopidogrel
an antiplatelet medicine. It prevents platelets (a type of blood cell) from sticking together and forming a dangerous blood clot. Taking clopidogrel helps prevent blood clots if you have an increased risk of having them. Mode of action:The active metabolite of the thienopyridines (clopidogrel, prasugrel) irreversibly binds to the platelet P2Y12 receptor and inhibits platelet aggregation for the life of the platelet. Ticagrelor binds reversibly to the P2Y12 receptor.
64
Carvedilol ## Footnote blocks beta receptors
Used for Hypertension, Chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction as part of standard treatment. Mode of action:Competitively block beta receptors in heart, peripheral vasculature, bronchi, pancreas, uterus, kidney, brain and liver. Beta-blockers reduce heart rate, BP and cardiac contractility; also depress sinus node rate and slow conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node, and prolong atrial refractory periods.
65
Duloxetine
used to treat depression and anxiety. It is also used for pain caused by nerve damage associated with diabetes (diabetic peripheral neuropathy). Mode of action:Inhibit serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake.
66
Dapaglifozin
Used to treat:Type 2 diabetes(mainly ) GETS RID OF SUGAR BY MAKING YOU PEE Symptomatic heart failure, independent of ejection fraction Chronic kidney disease, stage 2, 3 or 4 with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) 30 mg/g or higher Mode of action Inhibit sodium-glucose co-transporter 2, reducing glucose reabsorption in the kidney (and increasing its excretion in the urine). How SGLT2 inhibitors exert their effects in heart failure and chronic kidney disease is not established but the mechanisms appear to be independent of glucose lowering.
67
Darbepoetin alfa
helps your body make more red blood cells to treat anemia caused by kidney failure or chemotherapy Mode of action Recombinant glycoproteins that bind to erythropoietin receptors on erythroid progenitor cells. Stimulate erythropoiesis, increasing reticulocyte count, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration.
68
Dutasteride with tamsulosin
used to treat men who have symptoms of an enlarged prostate gland, which is also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
69
Dutasteride with tamsulosin
used to treat men who have symptoms of an enlarged prostate gland, which is also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
70
Dutasteride with tamsulosin
used to treat men who have symptoms of an enlarged prostate gland, which is also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
71
Ggg
72
Domperidone
Used to stop Nausea and vomiting Gastroparesis (idiopathic or diabetic)
73
Domperidone
Used to stop Nausea and vomiting Gastroparesis (idiopathic or diabetic)
74
Empaglifozin
Used for Type 2 diabetes( mainly) Symptomatic heart failure, independent of ejection fraction Chronic kidney disease, stage 2 or 3a with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) 30 mg/g or higher, or stage 3b, 4 or 5 Inhibit sodium-glucose co-transporter 2, reducing glucose reabsorption in the kidney (and increasing its excretion in the urine). How SGLT2 inhibitors exert their effects in heart failure and chronic kidney disease is not established but the mechanisms appear to be independent of glucose lowering.
75
Erythromycin
Erythromycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes respiratory tract infections, skin infections, chlamydia infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and syphilis. Mode of action Bacteriostatic; inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. They also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
76
Furosemide
Oedema associated with heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, renal impairment and nephrotic syndrome Inhibit reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This site accounts for retention of approximately 20% of filtered sodium; therefore, these are potent diuretics. Produce a rapid and intense diuresis and have a short duration of action (4–6 hours). They are effective over a wide dose range with a dose-related response.
77
Glycogon
emergency medical treatment to treat very low blood sugar. Increases blood glucose concentration by activating hepatic glucose production; decreases GI motility.
78
Glycogon
emergency medical treatment to treat very low blood sugar. Increases blood glucose concentration by activating hepatic glucose production; decreases GI motility.
79
Nystatin
used to treat fungal infections of the inside of the mouth and lining of the stomach and intestines. Nystatin is in a class of antifungal medications called polyenes. Binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes altering their permeability and allowing leakage of intracellular components.

NS2881 (12 decks)

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