week 6

Question 1

what detects flow rate in the kidneys?

Answer 1

macula densa

Question 2

what other external mechanism control flow rate in the kidney?

Answer 2

Question 3

angiotensin will …… filtration rate

Answer 3

increase

Question 4

noradrenaline will …… filtration rate

Answer 4

decrease

Question 5

prostaglandins will …… filtration rate

Answer 5

increase

Question 6

nitrous oxide will …… filtration rate

Answer 6

increase

Question 7

overalll glomerular filtration rate is determined using what?

Answer 7

creatine

Question 8

what is acute glomerulonephritis ?
how it treated ?

Answer 8

is damage to the glomerulus leading to protein losses this occurs because of excess immune response in the kidney which cause inflammation and injury to the glomerular basement membrane
treatment with steroids and plasmapheresis

Question 9

nephrotic syndrome is caused by ?
and treatment

Answer 9

significant damage to the glomerular basement which cause excess protein losses
this can cause oedema ,hyperlipidaemia, increase for thrombosis risk and treatmet is with diuretics

Question 10

acute renal injury is what?

Answer 10

sudden loss of renal fuction
it is diagnosied by low urine output and increase in creatinine and nitrogen (urea)

Question 11

what is 3 causes of acute renal injury?

Answer 11

inadequate blood supple(pre-renal)
Damage to Nephron(renal or intra-renal)
ureter blockage(post renal)

Question 12

What dose RIFLE SCALE stand for ?

Answer 12

it is a messurement of the serverity of kidney injury
RISK
INJURY
FAILURE
LOSS
END-STAGE

Question 13

What dose oliguria lead to ?

Answer 13

Question 14

what are the 2most common causes of intrarenal failure

Answer 14

tubular necrosis
. ischaemic
. nephrotoxic

Question 15

what are the 2most common causes of intrarenal failure

Answer 15

tubular necrosis
. ischaemic
. nephrotoxic

Question 16

The oliguric phase monitoring and treatment for sodium?

Answer 16

fluid management(adequate with adequate ions)

Question 17

The oliguric phase monitoring and treatment with potassium

Answer 17

insulin/beta agoinsts/sodium polystyrene sulfonate

Question 18

The oliguric phase monitoring and treatment foR Creatinine, urine output , sodium, potassium p.H, oedema,urea or anorexia

Answer 18

Question 19

post renal obstruction inhibits renal outflow the cause of this can because of ?

Answer 19

occlusion of ureter/urethra
or
drug inhibiting bladder contractions, sphincter relaxation

Question 20

incontinence drug that inhibit cholinergic do what ?

Answer 20

induce bladder contractions

Question 21

incontinence drugs that stiumlate noradrenaline have what effect on the body?

Answer 21

they effect the urinary sphincters

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

what symptoms are you going to see in renal injury for
1.risk
2. injury
3. failure

Answer 23

1.risk- none
2. injury -azotemia-high levels of urea in the blood
you may have ——–acidosis, hyperkalaemia-high levels of potassium,oedema
3.you will have azotemia,acidosis,hyperkalaemia,oedema

Question 24

how is chronic kidney disease diagnosed?

Answer 24

glomerular filtration rates(urine protein (albumin)

Question 25

Answer 25

Question 26

what are common symptoms of renal failure?

Answer 26

Question 27

what are common symptoms of renal failure?

Answer 27

Question 28

Answer 28

Question 29

what is common signs and systptoms of acute kidney injury?

Answer 29

decreased UO FLUID OVERLOAD(hypervolaemia) metabolic acidosis sodium imbalance hyperkalaemia increased urea and creatine

Question 30

what are the 3 stages of acute kidney injury healing

Answer 30

oliguric phase diuretic phase recovery phase

Question 31

what are the stages of CKD

Answer 31

STAGE 1-normal function STAGE 2 - loss of function STAGE 3 - moderate loss of function STAGE 4- severe loss of function STAGE 5- kidney failure

Question 32

what stuff do we need to educate our patient on when is comes to CKD?

Answer 32

Question 33

What factor determine the severity or stage of chronic kidney disease? 1. urea and creatinine 2. sodium and potassium level 3.glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) 4. URINE OUTPUT

Answer 33

eGFR

Question 34

Assessment of an arteriovenous fistula should include checking what 3things ?

Answer 34

checking the perfusion palpating for thrill auscultating for bruit

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

whar are the 3 phases of peritioneal dialysis?

Answer 36

inflow,dwell,drain