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Eng 12AP/CC > Medieval Literature > Flashcards

Medieval Literature Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

October 14, 1066

A
  • Norman Conquest of England, led by Duke of Normandy (later became English norman king, William I called the Conqueror)
  • Met forces of last Saxon king, Harold
  • Battle of Hastings
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2
Q

Last Saxon King

A

King Harold

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3
Q

Norman

A
  • Means “northman,” people were another branch of Scandinavian peoples (dated back to 787)
  • Collectively, (Danes, Vikings, Swedes, Normans) controlled northern regions
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4
Q

Norman Regions

A
  • Southern Italy and Sicily

- Contended for control of Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem during Crusades

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5
Q

911

A

Normans acquire Normandy and begin to intermingle with French

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6
Q

Nobility and Language

A

-10% of English affected by new owners, William evicted English nobility
-Norman French became official court tongue,
Latin remained spoken/written of church, English remained for people

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7
Q

French Words

A
  • King John lost continental lands (including Normandy) in battle with French king in 1204
  • English began to be spoken by all
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8
Q

Normans “Anglified”

A
  • William improved government

- Domesday Book

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9
Q

Domesday Book of 1086

A
  • First census throughout medieval Europe

- Purpose was to tax

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10
Q

“Little Twelfth-Century Renaissance”

A
  • Increasing prosperity in England during eleventh century

- Bologna founded (Europe’s first university)

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11
Q

Geoffrey of Monmouth

A
  • Welsh clergyman educated at Oxford

- Wrote legend of King Arthur, tragic hero

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12
Q

Celts vs. English

A

-English continued to fight Celtic until eleventh century

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13
Q

Tragic Heroism

A

-Triumphs over insurmountable odds (differs with Old English acceptance of death)

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14
Q

Le Morte Darthur

A

-Written by Sir Thomas Malory, developed entire English drama

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15
Q

Chivalry

A
  • From “cheval,” horse (knights)
  • “Courtly love,” attached to Arthurian romance
  • Introduced by Eleanor of Aquitaine
  • Concedes that marriage is political matter, grants that women have right to love and be loved (contained strict guiding rules)
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16
Q

Eleanor of Aquitaine

A
  • Married by French King and then English King
  • With daughter, wrote book called “The Art of Courtly Love” (Andreas Capellanus helped)
  • Challenged English husband (Henry II) to seize crown
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17
Q

Troubadours

A

-Traveling singers that took up chivalry theme

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18
Q

Great Plague of 1348

A

-1/3 dead, Renaissance stopped in its tracks

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19
Q

Hundred Years War

A

-England tried and failed to reclaim French possessions

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20
Q

War of the Roses

A

-Quarrel about royal succession, resulted in English civil war

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21
Q

Peasants

A
  • During medieval period, began to gain self-awareness

- Sang ballads and lyrics

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22
Q

Magna Carta of 1215

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A

-Forced King to grant barons more privileges, first parliament formation in 1265

23
Q

Lollard Movement

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A
  • Radical religious doctrine founded by John Wyclif

- Surfaced in Puritan revolution of 17th century

24
Q

Peasant Revolutions:

  • 1381
  • 1450
Study These Flashcards
A
  • 1381: Led by Wat Tyler, revolutions

- 1450: Jack Cade

25
Cycle of Plays/Morality Plays
- Performed annually on Corpus Christi day, focused on common life, familiar religious stories - Made up of a short play with few characters (based on different elements of Christian story - Secular instruction, characters are vices/virtues
26
Wakefield Master
-Wrote "The Second Shepherd's Play," secular mischief and comedy
27
"The Canterbury Tales"
- Geoffrey Chaucer | - Sacred and secular, pilgrims reflect wide span of society, details function symbolically
28
Sir Thomas Malory
- Embodiment of Middle English sensibility - Combines universality with populist qualities - Imprisoned, sided with York, and wrote "Le Morte Darthur"
29
Stratford (big cities)
-Fairs, entertainment, touring companies
30
William Caxton
-England's first printer
31
William I
- (1) The Conqueror | - Died 1087, took over Normandy in 1066
32
William II
- (2) 1087-1100 | - Ruthless, unpopular, killed by arrow while hunting
33
Henry I (1100-1135)
- (3) Fourth son of William I - Took throne, strengthened bonds between Normandy and English - 20 illegitimate children, rule to daughter (Matilda)
34
1154
-Plantagenets
35
``` Henry II (1154-1189) Plantagenet ```
- (4) Matilda's son, marries Eleanor of Aquitaine - Fights French king - Has Thomas of Beckett murdered (Henry wanted reform) - Probs with King Philip (French) - Divides kingdom for sons (Richard and John)
36
John (1199-1216) | Plantagenet
- (5) Richard's legitimate son | - Wrote Magna Carta under duress of Barons
37
``` Henry III (1216-1272) Plantagenet ```
- (6) John's son | - Participated in Crusades, fought barons against Magna Carta
38
``` Edward I (1272-1307) Plantagenet ```
- (7) Crusader, known for legal reforms - Raised taxes, conquered Wales, implemented government - Tried to conquer Scotland - Married Eleanor, no illegitimate kiddos - Established temporary peace with France (married French princess in 1299)
39
``` Edward II (1307-1327) Plantagenet ```
- (8) Known for sexual liaisons | - Married Isabella (French), Isabella overthrew Edward with Roger and acted as regent
40
``` Edward III (1327-1377) Plantagenet ```
- (9) Led coo against mother, declared to French throne - Start of "Hundred Years War" - Developed Parliament, House of Lords/Commons, added title of Duke and Duchess - Bilingual, French and Anglo
41
``` Richard II (1377-1399) Plantagenet ```
- (10) Edward II's grandson, king at age 10 - Kingdom led by John of Gaunt (uncle, acting as regent) - Suppresses peasant revolt started by poll tax - Uprising against lords, disinherits John's son (Henry)
42
1399-1461
Lancasters
43
``` Henry IV (1399-1461) Lancaster ```
-(11) Defended self from Plantagenets
44
``` Henry V (1413-1422) Lancaster ```
- (12) Battle of Agencourt (1415) is victory - Introduced longbow, establishes treaty with France by marrying French princess - Sea-commanding skills
45
``` Henry VI (1422-1461) Lancaster ```
- (13) King as child, uncle regent until 1423 - Only king to rule England twice (1422-1461, 1470-1471) - Pious, wanted peace with France - War of Roses began (breakdown, Margaret/Henry exiled by Yorks)
46
1461-1485
Yorks
47
Edward IV | Yorks
- (14) Rules in peace (not France) - Main supporter of Caxton, invented printing press - Revolution in literacy, facilitates cheaper material, requires spelling systemization
48
``` Edward V (1483) Yorks ```
-(15) Takes throne at 12 in 1483, imprisoned by Richard III
49
``` Richard III (1483-1485) Yorks ```
- (16) Civil War - Led by Edward's supporters, Henry Tudor - Richard killed in war (last king to be killed like that)
50
1485-1509
Tudors
51
Henry VII
- (17) Distant relative of Yorks, exiled and returned to take throne - Marries sister of Edward II - Amasses large fortune - Rules England until end of Middle Ages
52
Crusades (1096-1270)
-Christian knights died for religious beliefs and captured Jerusalem
53
7 Deadly Sins
1. Lechery (lust) 2. Pride 3. Gluttony 4. Sloth 5. Envy 6. Wrath 7. Greed

Eng 12AP/CC (30 decks)

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