The Renaissance/Hamlet Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
Henry VII
A
- (1485-1509) Peaceful time period; challenged by Lancasters
- Married Elizabeth, begets Arthur (betrothed to Catherine of Aragon, Spanish)
2
Q
Henry VIII
A
- Born 1491; reign 1509-1547
- Tall and athletic
- Infatuated with Katherine; Queen Isabella encouraged Pope to grant dispensation
- Church Inquisition proves no consummation of marriage; marriage allowed
- Begets daughter Mary
3
Q
Katherine as Regent
A
- Henry gave regency to Katherine while was in France
- Katherine defends against Scotts; wins
- Cannot produce
4
Q
Anne Boleyn
A
- 1533; Henry VIII falls in love (lady in waiting)
- Henry wants to prove his marriage illegal; locks Katherine in prison until death
- Marries Anne; Elizabeth born; Anne executed for “affairs”
5
Q
Jane Seymour
A
- Has baby son, Edward (one true wife)
- Jane dies; Cromwell wants him to marry Ann of Cleaves; sends painter to paint German
6
Q
German Princess
A
- Painter paints German princess; marriage by proxy
- 3 years later, finds woman unattractive; divorce and best friends
7
Q
Catherine Howard
A
-1540; Henry finds guilty of adultery and places her in tower (escapes, killed)
8
Q
Catholic Properties
A
- 1542: Henry calls for all Catholic properties to be returned to Crown
- Gives to noblemen, claims for Protestants
9
Q
Catherine Parr
A
-1543: Marries; acts as nursemaid and urges for 3rd Succession Act
10
Q
Henry’s Death
A
- 1547: Dies as fat/sick
- Edward named as full successor, daughters moved back into line of succession
11
Q
Edward VI
A
- Reign: 1547-1553; Protestant
- Obtains thrown at 9 years old; Lord Protector (Duke of Sumerset) controls him
- Dies at 15 from tuberculosis; excluded Mary and Elizabeth from line of succession
- Lady Jane Grey as successor
12
Q
Edward VI’s Lord Protectors
A
- First was Duke of Summerset
- Next was John Dudley; tried for marriage between Edward and Jane
- Marriage arranged between Jane and Dudley’s son (exclude Mary/Elizabeth)
- Lady Jane wants to change Anglican Church
13
Q
Lady Jane Grey
A
- 1553; fell in love with John Dudley’s son
- True Christian; wanted to unite Churches
14
Q
Queen Mary
A
- (1553-1558); Catholic
- Executes Jane and Dudley; takes over and forces all to convert to Catholicism
- Arranges for marriage to Prince Philip of Spain
- Has uterine tumor and dies without heir
15
Q
Queen Elizabeth I
A
- 1558-1603; Elizabethan Age and English Renaissance
- 5th/last ruler
- Re-establishes Protestants, tolerant
- Virgin queen (never married)
- Excommunicated by Pope in 1570
- Armada of ‘88; great victory
- Time period well-known for flourishing arts
- Executed Mary Queen of Scotts (1587)
- Established free grammar schools
16
Q
Ghosts
A
- Could trick humans (represent Hell)
- Can take on shape of another
- Vanish after first rooster crows
17
Q
Revenge Tragedies
A
- Madness caused by power, etc. (numerous deaths)
2. Poison
18
Q
Population Growth During Renaissance
A
- 35% population growth; move to urban center (but still close to natural world)
- Worked soil; acclimated to death
- Organic material accepted (experimentation with urine and excretions)
19
Q
Animals
A
- Believed animals could invade body; create illness
- Witches kept familiars
- Cats were evil; suck life out of babies
20
Q
Odor
A
- Believed odor caused disease; created hygiene laws
- Sick from sewage
- Mattress stuffings carried disease
21
Q
Diseases
A
- Sweating sickness
- Aerial disease
- Syphilis large problem
- Poison fixation
22
Q
Affluent=Wet Nurse
A
- Began to associate duties of child care with lower classes
- Wet nurse industry grew; lower class women had opportunity to become wealthy
- Had nannies, tutors, there was separation rom child-rearing
23
Q
Renaissance in England
A
- Rise: Under Tudor monarchs; 1500-1558
- Height: Under Elizabeth I; 1558-1603
- Fall: Stuart monarchs; 1603-1649
- Largely in 15th century, brought from Italy
24
Q
War of Roses
A
-Ended in 1485; allowed for Henry to unify country
25
Population of London/Enclosure Laws:
- 1563
- 1605
- 1563: 93,000
- 1605: 224,000
- Laws forced farmers to move to cities
26
Invention of Printing Press
- 1476: William Caxton set up first printing press at Westminster (London)
- 1530: Half of England literate
27
New Learning at Oxford
- During 1490s and 1500s; led by William Grocyn, Thomas Linacre, and John Colet
- Dutch Humanist (Erasmus) taught Greek at Cambridge
28
St. Paul's (1510)
-First (private) Prep school devoted to new learning; established by John Colet
29
Anglicization of the Sonnet
- Wyatt and Surry introduced Italian verse form
- Surrey created English blank verse
- Love poetry also includd
30
Dramatic Forms
- Miracle/morality popular
| - Interlude developed; short play designed to be presented between courses
31
95 Theses
-Martin Luther posted on church door in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517 (Reformation)
32
Church and State
-Henry VIII declared as head of Church of England; established Anglican church (England was Protestant)
33
Order of Wives
1. Catherine of Aragon (birthed Mary)
2. Anne (birthed Elizabeth)
3. Seymour (birthed Edward)
4. Anne of Cleves (none)
5. Catherine Howard (none)
6. Catherine Parr (none)
34
Gresham College
- Established in 1570; founded in London for middle class
| - Curriculum included law, medicine, practical courses
35
England in Height of Renaissance
-Supreme on seas; riches from Sir Francis Drake (1577-1580)
36
Armada
Invasion fleet sent by Philip of Spain; Elizabeth net navy to destroy
-Defeated in 1588; dominant sea power
37
Age of Courtiers
-Court entertainments; court lived up to Renaissance ideal of courtier, soldier, and scholar
-
38
Courtier Poets
- Sir Walter Raleigh and Sir Philip Sidney
| - Edmund Spenser wrote "The Faerie Queen"
39
Songwriters
-Thomas Campion; five collections of songs with lute accompaniment
40
Drama
- Popular source of music; integral part of comedies and tragedies
- Blank verse main vehicle for tragedy and comedy
41
Dramatists
-Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson
42
Theater Development
- Native English drama wellspring of Elizabethan drama
- Classical drama came in 1560s (translation of Latin dram/revenge tragedies)
- Contained entire spectrum
43
Crime
- Pickpockets/criminals drawn to theater
| - Theater considered place of sin; hated by Puritans
44
Puritan Influence in 1590s
- Began to become powerful again, closed theaters
| - Elizabeth named successor King James of Scotland in 1603; turn of century signified decline
45
James I
- (1603-); Anglican
- Helped found Plymouth in New England (1620)
- Growing religious/political unrest
46
Gunpowder Plot
-1605: Robert Catesby and Guy Fawkes (Catholics) conceived idea of blowing up Parliament building
47
House of Commons
-During Stuarts reign, obtained more power and questioned Divine Right of Kings (predominantly Puritan)
48
Civil War
- 1642: Civil War: King and supporters (Royalists/Cavaliers) vs. Parliament and led by Oliver Cromwell (Puritans/Roundheads)
- Under Charles' reign
- Declared commonwealth by Parliament
49
Poetry in Stuart Era:
| -Metaphysical Poets
- More cynical; introspective
- Led by John Donne; used strong lines, overriding regular meter; employed conceits; intellectual
- Young Cavaliers: Wrote about love/loyalty (Richard Lovelace and Robert Herrick)
50
King James
-1611: Commissioned new English translation of Bible
51
Shakespeare
- Tragedies written under reign of King James
- Acting company became known as King's Men
- Popular until closed in 1649
52
Puritan Poets
-John Milton (Latin Secretary to Puritan Commonwealth); wrote "Paradise Lost" on fall of man
53
Monarchy in 1660
- Restored, Charles II on throne
| - Reopened theaters
