Meiosis and Genetic Variation

Question 1

Crossing Over

Answer 1

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Prophase 1 = new combinations of alleles

Question 2

Independent assortment:

Answer 2

During Metaphase 1 these homologous chromosomes pairs randomly align along the center of the cell (the metaphase plate)

Question 3

Random Fertilization

Answer 3

When any unique sperm can fertilize any unique egg

Question 4

Meiosis Basics Pt 1 of Info

Answer 4

2 cell divisions four daughter cells are produced daughter cells are haploid A sperm and egg cell/gametes are produced in meiosis.

Question 5

Meiosis Basics Pt 2

Answer 5

23 (chromosomes) in a human gamete 46 chromosomes in a human somatic (body) cell

Question 6

Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?

Answer 6

Somatic cells are diploid= contain 2 sets of chromosome one from each parent

Question 7

Which process do Somatic cells divide through? What are they used for?

Answer 7

These cells make up body tissues and organs.

Question 8

Nondisjunction

Answer 8

Failure of chromosomes are chromatids to separate during meiosis

Question 9

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 9

A chromosome pair one from each parent the same genes

Question 10

Chromatids- (How are they connected)

Answer 10

2 identical copies for a chromosome connected by the centromere

Question 11

Why are chromosomes are arranged into ordered pairs in karyotypes?

Answer 11

so that any abnormalities can be detected

Question 12

Karyotypes

Answer 12

An organizes image of a person chromosomes

Question 13

Trisomy 21

Answer 13

an extra pair of chromosome on chromosome 21, = down syndrome

Question 14

Turner syndrome

Answer 14

Only one x chromosome = happen only in females

Question 15

Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 15

XXY <- extra X chromosomes = only in males

Question 16

Edwards Syndrome

Answer 16

Trisomy 18 (3 copies of chromo. 18)

Question 17

Gametes

Answer 17

Reproductive cells (sperm and egg)

Question 18

Fertilized egg

Answer 18

zygote

Question 19

Somatic cells

Answer 19

All body cells except gametes

Question 20

Autosomes

Answer 20

22 are the pairs they are not related to your biological sex

Question 21

2 purposes of Meiosis

Answer 21

1. Reduce Number of chromosomes by half to create genetic diversity
2. To create genetic diversity

Question 22

How does Meiosis begin similarly like Mitosis

Answer 22

The cells copies each chromosome, when homologous chromosomes pairs line up and exchange pieces called recombination

Question 23

Meiosis

Answer 23

generates reproductive cells w/ new combinations of gene variations

Question 24

Meiosis

Answer 24

Builds a person with an identical set of chromosomes in every cell

Question 25

Meiosis 2 highlights Pt 1 (of Info)

Answer 25

1.No DNA replications only one time in interphase before Meiosis 1 2. No crossing over in prophase 2 3.Sister chromatids separate during Anaphase 2

Question 26

End Result of Meiosis 2 Pt 2

Answer 26

4 non-identical haploid daughter cells

Question 27

why are the cells from Meiosis 2 are haploid?

Answer 27

b/c they contain half o the chromosomes of the original cell - at the start of Meiosis 1 you have one diploid cell

Question 28

Term for chromosomes after crossing over

Answer 28

Recombinant chromosomes

Question 29

When do sister chromatids separate?

Answer 29

Anaphase 1

Question 30

How is the mother cell before Meiosis?

Answer 30

Diploid w/pair of replicated chromosomes

Question 31

Which process does Asexual reproduction depend on?

Answer 31

Mitosis- in which the nucleus of a cell divides to create two new nuclei, each containing an identical copy of DNA.

Question 32

What is Oogenesis

Answer 32

The process in which the female gametes or ova are created

Question 33

What is Spermatogenesis

Answer 33

The biological process of producing mature sperm cells

Question 34

Synapsis

Answer 34

The fusion of chromosome pairs to form a tetrad at the start of meiosis