Protein Synthesis Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is transcription?
Transcription is making RNA from DNA.
What is translation?
Translation is using the RNA to make proteins.
Where does DNA stay?
DNA stays in the nucleus where it is safe.
What is the role of the ribosome?
The ribosome is like the kitchen where the protein gets made. It needs the recipe from the DNA.
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
What are the characteristics of DNA?
DNA is double stranded, found in the nucleus, has base pairs A-T and C-G, and its sugar is deoxyribose.
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid.
What are the characteristics of RNA?
RNA is single stranded, can travel around the cell, has base pairs A-U and C-G, and its sugar is ribose.
What are the three types of RNA?
The three types of RNA are rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA.
What happens during transcription?
Transcription is when the code gets changed from DNA to mRNA.
What happens during translation?
Translation is when the code gets changed from mRNA to protein.
What is mRNA?
mRNA (messenger RNA) is copied from DNA and can travel around the cell.
What is the base pairing in transcription?
DNA → RNA: T → A, A → U, C → G, G → C.
What is a codon?
A codon is 3 bases of mRNA.
What is an anticodon?
An anticodon is 3 bases of tRNA that connect to the mRNA codon.
What is the function of tRNA?
tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids and helps to build the protein.
What are amino acids?
Amino acids are the monomers of a protein.
What do proteins provide?
Proteins provide structure and allow chemical reactions to happen in our bodies.
Where does transcription happen?
In the nucleus
What happen in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis?
-leave nucleaus and goes to ribosome
-the ribosome mRNA i read and translation happens
-Amino acids are brought in by tRNA to build a protein
Why is the genetic code “Redundant”
because multiple codons can code for the same amino acid
Why is Genetic cod “Universal”
almost all organisms use the same codon meanings to make protein
How genes can differ but make the same protein?
b/c of the redundancy in the genetic those codons may still code for the same amino acid. Protein structure
remains the same even with different DNA
What could happen in a DNA mutation (in relation to cancer)?
Alters gene like RAS or P53
mRNA is made from the mutated DNA
The ribosome builds a faulty protein
The faulty RAS or P53 protein can’t do its job, leading to uncontrolled cell division → cancer
