Mitosis-Cell Cycle Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is Interphase?
During Interphase, the cell spends most of its time performing the functions that make it unique.
What are the phases of Interphase?
G1, S, G2
What is the Mitotic Phase (M Phase)?
It is the stage of the cell cycle when the cell is actually dividing.
What are the stages of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (& Cytokinesis)
How are organisms produced?
Organisms are produced through fertilization.
What is a zygote?
A zygote is the first cell of an offspring.
What is the purpose of mitosis in organisms?
Organisms complete mitosis to make new identical somatic cells.
What is the purpose of meiosis in organisms?
Organisms complete meiosis to produce reproductive cells.
What happens during the G1 phase?
This phase follows mitosis and is the period in which the cell is synthesizing its structural proteins and enzymes to perform its functions.
What is the chromosome composition during G1 phase?
During this phase, each chromosome consists of single molecules of DNA (not replicated chromosomes).
How many chromosomes are in human cells?
In Humans, there are 46 Chromosomes per cell (except in sex cells with 23 chromosomes and red blood cells with no nucleus and hence no chromosomes).
What occurs during the S phase?
During this phase, the DNA within the nucleus replicates.
What is the result of the S phase?
By the end of the S phase, there are 46 duplicated chromosomes.
This DOES NOT make the cell ‘4n’; it is still diploid (2n), but each chromosome is now replicated.
What is the purpose of the G2 phase?
In this phase, the cell prepares for Mitosis.
What happens during the G2 phase?
Final ‘checkpoints’ are all cleared, and the cell moves into ‘M’ phase.
What is Mitosis?
Division of the nucleus.
What is Cytokinesis?
Division of the cytoplasm.
What is the result of Mitosis and Cytokinesis?
Two identical cells.
What is a spindle?
Framework (shape) of fibers that guide the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.
What is a centrosome?
Region of cytoplasmic material that in animal cells contains structures called centrioles (bundles of spindle fibers).
What happens during Prophase?
Chromatin coils into chromosomes, each chromosome has two identical sister chromatids, and the nuclear envelope dissolves.
What occurs during Metaphase?
The chromosomes line up in the middle, also known as the Metaphase Plate.
What happens during Anaphase?
The sister chromatids split and move to opposite poles of the cell, each ‘sister chromatid’ is now considered a full ‘daughter chromosome.’
What occurs during Telophase?
Nuclear envelope re-forms, and chromosomes decondense back to chromatin.
