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Oral Pathology > Metabolic Diseases > Flashcards

Metabolic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Most common form of dwarfism

A

Achondroplasia

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2
Q

Autosomal dominant or sporadic mutation where torso is normal limbs are shortened followed by large head frontal bossing saddle nose
Maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism

A

Achondroplasia

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3
Q

Dwarfism caused by undersecretion of GH from ant pituitary gland resulting in short stature, delayed eruption and shedding, microdontia, small jaws causing malocclusion and underdeveloped mandible

A

Pituitary dwarfism

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4
Q

Overproduction of GH usually due to a pituitary tumor or hyperpituitarism happening before adolescence manifesting enlargement of facial soft tissues hands and feet and mandible with true macrodontia and hypercementosis

A

Gigantism

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5
Q

Excess peoduction of GH after adolescence resulting in hypertension DM heart disease arthritis peripheral neuropathy renewed growth of bones followed by mand prognathism open bite diastema macroglossia and hypercementosis

A

Acromegaly

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6
Q

Patient has decreased level of TH shows puffy edematous lethargic face and eyes, dry rough skin dry sparse hair low BMR low body temp., constipation goiter weight gain and cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

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7
Q

Most common thyroid abnormality in women

A

Hypothyroidism

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8
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

A

Hashimotos thyroiditis (autoimmune)

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9
Q

Oral findings of hypothyroidism

A

Delayed eruption
Retained milk teeth
Underdeveloped mandible
Macroglossia
Thickened lips

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10
Q

Hypothyroidism in adults

A

Myxedema

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11
Q

Hypothyroidism in children

A

Cretinism

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12
Q

Excessive production of T3 and T4 resulting in weight loss nervousness hmtachycardia heat intolerance excessive sweating increased BMR goiter dirrhea EXOPTHALMOS osteoporosis tremors high temp

A

Hyperthyroidism

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13
Q

Oral manifestations of hyperthyroidism

A

Premature loss of deciduous teeth and premature eruption of permanent teeth

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14
Q

Classification of hyperthyroidism

A

Graves disease - diffuse toxic goiter

Plummers disease - toxic nodular goiter

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15
Q

Which drug is contraindicated in a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism

A

Epinephrine - thyroid crisis / storm

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16
Q

Insufficient production of PTH or inability to nake functioning PTH can be congenital iatrogenic or autoimmune resulting in hypocalcemja, tetany, metabolic alkalosis

A

Hypoparathyroidism

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17
Q

Oral manifestation of hypoparathyroidism

A

Pitting enamel hypoplasia
Blunted root apices
Delayed eruption

18
Q

Excessive PTH affecting females older than 60yrs age causing stones bones moans and groans

A

Hyperparathyroidism

19
Q

Meaning of bones stones moans and groans

A

Bones: bone pain, patho fractures

Moans: confusion depression fatigue memory loss

Groans: constipation nausea abdominal pain decreased appetite peptic ulcers

Stones: kidney stones frequent urination

20
Q

Oral manifestations of hyperparathyroidism

A

Generalised loss of lamina dura, loose teeth, malocclusion, cortical thinning, alterations of trabeculae giving GROUND GLASS APP

21
Q

Brown tumor?

A

Well defined cystic radiolucency
Can be unilocular or multilocular
Commonly in hyperparathyroidism

22
Q

Inherited metabolic bone disease in which alkaline phosphatase deficiency that causes calcification of bones, premature loss of pri teeth resulting from hypo or aplasia of cementum

A

Hypophosphatasia

23
Q

Deficiency of vitamin D in adults causing softening of bone

A

Osteomalacia

24
Q

Deficiency of vitamin D and increase of alkaline phosphatase before epiphyseal closure

A

Rickets - osteomalacia in children

25
Q

Oral manifestations of rickets

A

Delayed eruption
Malocclusion
High carious rate
Teeth hypo mineralization

26
Q

Weakening of bone due to loss of calcium and phosphorus, increasing the risk of bone fractures in females

A

Osteoporosis

27
Q

Most common metabolic bone disorder

A

Osteoporosis

28
Q

Function of estrogen

A

Inbiting bone resorbing cytokine synthesis
Increase in osteoclasts apoptosis

29
Q

MOA of bisphosphonates

A

Impairment of osteoclasts
Decreasing osteoclastic ability to resorb and degrade the bone

30
Q

Inherited bone disease in which bone density is increased due to reduced osteoclastic activity

A

Osteopetrosis

31
Q

Dental findings in osteopetrosis

A

Delayed eruption, congenitally absent teeth, unerupted or malformed teeth with enamel hypoplasia
Osteomyelitis- increase chances due to diminished bone vascularity followed by low host response

32
Q

Inherited disorder characterized by osteopenia,bone fragility due to mutation in type 1 collagen that results in fragile bones, blue sclera, joint hyper extensibility, hearing loss and dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

33
Q

Dental findings of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Teeth with blue or brown translucence
Bulbous crowns
Short roots
Pulpal obliterations
Severe attrition

34
Q

Abnormal resorption and deposition of bone results in skeletal distortion and weakening in makes over the age of 50

A

Paget’s disease

35
Q

Features of pagets disease

A

Elevated skin temp over the affected bone
Headache
Auditory or visual disturbances
Facial paralysis
Vertigo

36
Q

Oral manifestations of pagets disease

A

Maxilla
Denture doesnt fit anymore
Bilateral symmetric jaw enlargement
Acquired diastemas
Loosening of teeth
Flattening of palate
Hypercementosis
obliteration of PDL
resorption of root

37
Q

COTTON WOOL APP, mosaic patter due to multinucleated osteoclast cells and osteoblast cells, high serum alkaline phosphatase

A

Paget’s disease

38
Q

Malignant transformation into osteosarcoma may occure in

A

Paget’s disease

39
Q

Rare autosomal dominant condition affects mandible of children by 5 years of age that give then a chubby cheeks app and the eyes are upturned to heaven due to orbital walls tilting the eyeballs upward

A

Cherubism

40
Q

Oral manifestations of cherubism

A

Mandible affected more than maxilla
Lesions in angles ascending rami and coronoid process
Obliterated tuberosities and palatal vault
All 4 quads involved painless bony expansion
Speech difficulty
Vision hearing loss
Upper airway obstruction
Tooth displacement
Tooth mobility
Ectopic eruption
Failure of tooth eruption

41
Q

Multiple well defined multilocular radiolucencies of the jaws giving SOAP BUBBLE app with max antrum obliteration

A

Cherubism

Oral Pathology (16 decks)

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