Metastasis

Question 1

The metastasis starter and E-cadherins

Answer 1

The meaning of metastasis
The route and the theories
The monoclonal, polyclonal, linear and branched
The stage in metastasis
The EMT
The E-cadherins 
The structure
The functions in cancer including the epithelial cells, the breast cancer cell line, the immunohistochemical study and the RIP mouse
The reasons E-cadherin is lost
The regulation of the E-cadherins

Question 2

The integrins

Answer 2

The function and anoikis
The structure
The focal complexes
The outside-in, inside-out signalling and collaborative signalling
The anchorage-independence
The functions in cancer like the RGD peptide in B16-F10 mouse melanomas, the monoclonal antibody in the m21 melanomas and alpha5beta1 in rat breast cancer cell line
The integrins in the tumour embolus and alpha2bbeta3 integrin

Question 3

The proteolytic cascade

Answer 3

The MMPs and serine proteases
The types of serine proteases
The uPA and plasminogen
The PAIs
The functions in cancer
The MMPs
The structure
The regulation
The cysteine switch
The activation and the MMPs, the integrins and plasmin
The TIMP model
The substrate of MMPs like the ECM collagen 4 and alphavbeta3, the laminin-5 and alpha6beta4, the integrins with MMP 14 and pro-migratory, the EGF, E-cadherins and RTKs, endostatin
The functions in cancer like MMP-2 and MMP-9, MMP inhibition with TIMP, the MMP-1 and MMP-11, the zymography with MMP-2 in lymph node metastases in lung, gastric, colon and breast cancers. The other MMP and correlates in lung and breast cancer, the lymph node metastases and the mRNA and protein in invasive cervical carcinoma
The MMPs and the stromal cells, the EMMPRINS
The MMP-7 is not stromal and the Min mouse

Question 4

The angiogenesis pathway and inhibitors

Answer 4

The meaning of angiogenesis
The models of angiogenesis including the isolated perfused organs, the resin cast, the DNA rate of synthesis and the aqueous solution
The activators and inhibitors
The VEGFA and VEGFR
The functions of VEGF and the pathway
The inhibition of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and the reduced tumour
The HIF regulation
The angiopoietins and the knockouts
The quiescent and the activated vessel
The vascular sprout generation
The angiostatin and Lewis lung tumour
The generation of angiostatin and the functions
The endostatin generation and the functions
The thrombospondin and the generation
The regulation
The corneal pocket assay and the growth factor
The pathway
The inhibitors like VEGF, integrins and MMPs, the endothelial cell inhibitors
The resistance and the combination therapy, the trials and the tumour halted