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Medical Imaging > Mi 116 Unit 4 > Flashcards

Mi 116 Unit 4 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Social determinants of health ( sodh)

A

The conditions in the environment where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and qualify of life outcomes and risks

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2
Q

5 domains of SODH

A

Economic stability
Education access and quality
Health care access and quality
Neighborhood and built environment
Social and community context

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Relative constancy in the internal environment of the body
Naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival
( heartbeat, bp, body temp, electrolyte balance )

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4
Q

When are vital signs needed for RTs

A

Change in condition, suspected dye reaction, following a fall

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5
Q

What are the oral, rectal, and axillary tempts

A

Oral- 98. 6
Rectal- 99.6
Axillary - 97.6

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6
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Body’s maintenance of heat production and loss
Hypothalamus plays a role in preservation of heat and heat loss

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7
Q

5 routes for taking temperatures

A

Oral, axillary, rectal, tympanic, temporal

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8
Q

Hyperthermia, hypothermia, and medically induced

A

Hyper- oral temp higher than 99.5
Hypo - temp fall below normal range
Med induced - therapeutically decrease body’s need for oxygen

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9
Q

Ventilation

A

Mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs
The gas exchange is needed for survival
Inspiration (rise) and expiration (fall)

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10
Q

Adult, children, and new born beats per minute

A

Adult- 12-20
Children - 20-30
Babies- 30-60

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11
Q

Significance of respiratory rate abnormality

A

Cellular metabolism increases= demand for O 2 increases= production of CO2 increase= increase respiratory rate
Tachypnea - respiratory rates greater than 20 breaths per minute ( exercise, fever, anxiety )
Bradyphea- decrease in the respiratory rate

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12
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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13
Q

Orthophea

A

Difficulty breathing unless sitting up or standing erect

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14
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of spontaneous ventilation
Usually suddenly

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15
Q

Common palpation for pulse

A

Radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery

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16
Q

How to measure pulse

A

2nd and 3rd digits placed over pulse point ( can’t use thumb)
Normal adult rate is 60-100
Children rate is 70-120

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17
Q

In critical care setting what do you use

A

Use pulse oximeter
use probe
normal value- 95%-100%

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18
Q

Systolic and diastolic

A

Systolic- contraction of heart
Diastolic - relaxation of heart

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19
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Cuff, tubing, a valve, a bulb and a manometer attached to the cuff

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20
Q

How to read bpm

A

Recorded in millimeters of mercury
Systolic/ diastolic
Adult normal values: systolic less then 120 mm HG
Diastolic less then 80 mm HG

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21
Q

Hypertension

A

Persistent elevation of blood pressure above 140/90 mm HG
Moderate degree of hypertension can cause damage to heart, brain, kidneys, lungs, and other organ system
Higher in men then women
Symptoms may not exist

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22
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure
Less than 95/60 mm HG
Concerns: dizziness, confusion, or blurred vision
Usually not problematic
Could be from shock

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23
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

BP that falls 20 mm Hg or more when a patient sits or stands

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24
Q

Pain

A

Pain is protective - warning us of a potential problem/ injury of the body
My pain is different from your pain

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25
Oxygen
Oxygen is a drug Physician must prescribe Order in liters per minute Concentration such as 24% Under no circumstance should O2 be completely removed to take an X-ray
26
Oxygen delivery devices
Too much oxygen is not good Oxygen flow mete - reducing valve that permits flows safe for patient use Flowmeter- operate the rate of O2 flow in liters per minute to the patient pressure manometer- indicates pressure or volume of O2 inside the canister <1000 PSI has to be replaced with a new tank
27
Low flow and high flow
Low flow (variable oxygen concentration) - amount of inhaled O2 varies with patient respirations, more concentrated with short shallow breaths High flow (fixed or precise oxygen concentration)- meets or exceeds oxygen needs of patient
28
Low flow devices, nasal cannula and mask
Nasal cannula- short prongs inserted into the nares, usual rates 1-4 LPM, delivers 24%-36% O2- Mask- simple, nonrebreathing and partial rebreathing, may have to add humidity once we add level 4, delivers 60-80% oxygen (reservoir bag has to be inflated at all times)
29
Nebulizer
Aerosol mist with precise O2 concentration At least 8 LPM (28%-100%) Can. E used to administer meds
30
Tent and oxyhood
Pediatrics Tent- difficult controlling O2 concentrations (opening and closing ) Oxyhood- used on infants, box that fits over infants head (21%-100%)
31
Ventilator
Artificial airway due to a patient being unable to supply adequate O2 to tissues Delivers a minimum said, respiratory rate present inspiratory, volume inconsistent FiO2 Do you not dislodge airway what position patient do not silence alarms or alter them
32
Oxygen placements
Oxygen tanks cannot be stored within 5 feet of an electrical outlet. Tanks must be secured on a rack or portable carrier, dropping or cracking tint could be dangerous & never take regular oxygen tank into MRI
33
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Reveals important information about how well your kidneys and liver are working Normal adult range: 10-20 mg/dL Elderly: slightly higher than adult Infant: 5-18 mg/dL Newborn: 3-12 mg/dL
34
Creatinine
Chemical waste product that’s produced by your muscle metabolism into a smaller extent by eating meat How much kidney damage there is Normal: 0.6-1.2 mg/ dL Critical value >4 mg/dL
35
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Test use to check how well the kidneys work Normal: 90-120 mL/min GFR is used to stage renal disease- less than 15 GFR
36
Hemoglobin
Males higher then females A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen
37
Red blood cells
What does that tells how many red blood cells do you have Male: 4.7 to 6.1 million cells Female: 4.2-5.4 million cells
38
Oxygen saturation
Arterial blood gas test involves inserting a in the needle artery, most of the one in your wrist
39
Prothrombin
Test measures how quickly your blood clots Associate with warfarin if it’s was working properly Vitamin k Normal range : 11-13.5
40
Partial thromboplastin time
Basically prothrombin associate with heperin blood test that looks at how long it takes for a blood to clot it can help tell if you have bleeding or clotting problems 
41
Kidney or renal function
How efficiently the kidneys filter blood 
42
Cardiac output
Vital event necessary to maintain blood flow throughout the cardiovascular system Need accurate blood volume 
43
Intravenous administration
Advantage: instantaneous effect of drug is wanted Disadvantage: most hazardous route.. difficult to retrieve from circulatory system, drug can be damaging to body tissue if injected into them
44
3 methods of intravenous drug administration
Infusion, intermittent infusion, direct injection
45
Infusion
Infusion of a large volume of fluid over a certain amount of time Sometimes called drip
46
Intermittent infusion
Main thing about this is timing Set a fusion of a volume of fluid medication or a set period of time at prescribed intervals, and then stopped until the next dose is required May be called : piggyback, secondary med, mini bag med
47
Direct injection
Used for single administration Hand injection: pushed in manually by hand Automatic power injection: used in ct and mri
48
Site of administration
Peripheral: IV administration is through a short catheter in a peripheral site (short term use) Central: IV administration is through a longer catheter that it’s tip end in the SVC(long term use)
49
Veins in antecubital space
Advantage: accessible, large and easy Disadvantage: frequently used and motion of joint could cause dislodgment and injury
50
Syringe
Standard hypodermic, insulin, tuberculin , pre-filled syringe Tip, barrel, and plunger
51
Needle
Hub, shaft, bevel Sized according to length and gauge (hub connects to syringe) Angiocath, venous catheter - used for repeated or continuous IV use; two part stste
52
Butterfly
Short term use, wings aid with insertion and anchoring
53
Hypodermic
Single use, small injections
54
Equipment needed for needles
Alcohol swab, tourniquet , clean gloves, tape, drug to be administered in vial, saline flush if you didn’t venous catheter
55
Ampules
Sealed glass container with scored neck that is weakened so it breaks open easily Single dose
56
Venipuncture procedure
Obtain order, hand hygiene, identify patient, order history, dosage, dose calculation, dose response , patient prep, hold skin taunt and under butterfly needle, release tourniquet, tape needle in place, administer contrast, observe site, remove needle and apply pressure, document all relevant info
57
Infiltration
The accidental leakage of non vesicant solutions out of the vein into the surrounding time
58
Phlebitis
Mechanical means we didn’t do as good job with the needle tip Inflammation of vein: mechanical: imitation of catheter due to unskilled insertion, too large of vein, improper anchoring causes movement Chemical: imitating medication, solution Bacterial: poor aseptic technique with hand washing etc
59
Embolism
A blood clot, or other solid mass, as well as an air bubbles can be delivered into the circulation, do an IV and end up blocking a vessel
60
Drug incompatibility
Interactions between two or more substances which lead to changes in chemical physical therapeutic properties of the pharmaceutical dosage form

Medical Imaging (14 decks)

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