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Medical Imaging > MI 116 unit 5 > Flashcards

MI 116 unit 5 Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

ASRT scope of practice

A

perform venipuncture as prescribed by a licensed practitioner; starting and maintaining and/or removing intravenous access as prescribed; identifying and administering medications as prescribed

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2
Q

ASRT practice standard

A

radiographers prepared administer, and document activities related to medications and radiation exposure in accordance w/ federal & state laws, regulation

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3
Q

professional liability

A

the professional radiographer who administers drugs is expected to know the safe dosage, the safe route of administration, and the limitations of the drug to be administered must also be known

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4
Q

negligence

A

court decisions against a health care provider may be centered on what another provider in your profession would have done under the same circumstances to determine if your actions were appropriate or inappropriate

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5
Q

employer policy

A

free will of management, to conduct its own affairs to achieve its purpose

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6
Q

drug

A

any substance that, when taken into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions

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7
Q

pharmacology

A

study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties and effects on living organisms

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8
Q

nomenclature

A

classified system of names:
chemical name
generic name
trade name

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9
Q

chemical group

A

action or function
grouped into families that have similar chemical actions
ex. family: relieve pain – analgesics
fight inflammation– anti inflammatories

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10
Q

legal purchase

A

prescription vs non prescription
all have a FDA label

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11
Q

mechanism and site of action

A

a term used to describe how a drug or other substance produces an effect in the body

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12
Q

primary effect

A

desired therapeutic effect of the drugs

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13
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

-study of how a drug is absorbed into the body, circulates within the body, is changed in the body and leaves the body
-must go through absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
-disintegration is thought to be the 1st step of the pharmacokinetics

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14
Q

absorption

A

drug movement from its site of administration into the blood
-the drug must be absorbed and taken through the bloodstream to its intended site in order to act
-absorption also depends on the surface available
-blood takes meds to where they need to be through skin, GI, lungs, etc

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15
Q

absorption rate

A

rate and extend of drug absorption depends on route of drug administration, dosage, gastro intestinal motility, interaction with food/other drugs, absorption surface available, blood flow, age and present disease

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16
Q

distribution

A

after absorption, the drug is distributed via circulation to target tissues
-if circulation is compromised, distribution of the drug is also compromised
-some drugs accumulate in specific tissues which can prevent the drug from reaching target site

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17
Q

metabolism

A

-body alters the chemical structure of a drug or other foreign substance
-most drugs are metabolized in the liver
-many factors can alter drug metabolism
-delay drug metabolism could cause an adverse reaction
-rapid drug metabolism could interfere with intended effects

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18
Q

excretion

A

clearance rate= drugs removal from the body (kidneys excrete the most)
other removal intestines, lungs, breast milk
-slow clearance rate and drug given too often = toxic level
-contrast media is not metabolized = excretion in about 24 hours

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19
Q

excretion half life

A

the time it takes for a 50% decrease in a drugs presence in the body
-short half life equals more frequent doses

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20
Q

pharmacodynamics

A

“soul mate”
study of the method or mechanism of drug action on living tissues or the response of tissues to chemical agents at various sites in the body
-drugs can alter physiologic effects in the body

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21
Q

pharmacodynamics receptor

A

the particular area for which a drug us intended and that receives the maximum effect
-agonist vs antagonist

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22
Q

therapeutic index/ range

A

measures the safety of a drug
-the relation between dosage at which the intended effect of a drug is obtained and the amount that produces an unwanted effect

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23
Q

drug reactions: side effect

A

when a drug produces an effect that is mild, common, and or non toxic
-drug acts on unintended tissues

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24
Q

adverse reaction

A

when a drug produces a severe or more life threatening reaction
-toxic reaction: unwanted effect that is an extension of the therapeutic effect other wise known as overdose

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25
drug tolerance
occurs when a drug received continually for the length of time creates a change in the response to the drug
26
pharmacogenetics
the study of how genes affect a persons response to drugs -combines field of pharmacology and genomics
27
6 rights of drug administration
-medication -dose -patient -time -route -documentation My Doctor Prescribed The Right Drug
28
right medication
reading the label THREE times- check name carefully -when container is removed from storage, container, and replaces -check expiration dates
29
dose
calculate/measure dose accurately -check the rad department protocols -ask rad assistant or radiologist if theres questions
30
patient
follow protocols for patient identifiers -verify the patients identification each time a medication is given -check: name, MRN, DOB
31
time
radiologic tech does not determine the time of administration -physician/ practitioner is responsible for ordering drugs and determining time of administration
32
route
physician/protocol specifics route -radiology follows protocol most common: enteral, intravenous, intrathecal consider: absorption, conscious state and ability to swallow
33
common route sites
enteral: buccal (gums), rectal tube/catheter inhalation topical parenteral
34
oral route
enteral most common method, PO -sublingual is placed under tongue -buccal is placed between the gums and the inner lining of the cheek pro: its safe and convenient con: bad taste, irritator, aspiration, etc
35
oral drug forms
tablets, capsules, troches, liquids
36
rectal route
pro medications can be given when the stomach is traumatized, avoids bad taste and avoids irritating the UGI tract con: unpredictable retention of drug; erratic
37
tube or catheter route
drug introduced by tube or catheter in liquid form -PICC line, nasogastric tube may need to flush tube or catheter prior to administration of medication or contrast
38
inhalation
high concentration of drug are deposited in the respiratory mucosa -common: oxygen therapy, anesthesia, aersol inhalers
39
topical
drug applied directly to the skin do not apply with bare hands lotion sprays and ointments
40
parental
administered by injection or by route other than the GI tract intravenous: directly into circulation intra-arterial: into or entry of artery intrathecal: into the subarachnoid space within the brain or spinal cord intramuscular: administration below layer of skin but above muscle intraosseous: into bone
41
documentation
follow employer policy any time a drug is given, it must be recorded in chart include: name, dose, route, date and time, refusal and effects
42
legal documentation problems
medication errors is the most common legal problem
43
IV contrast administration
introduce contrast directly into the blood stream -seen in CT, MIR and AIR -contrast is clear and packed in a vial -highlights the vessels/ organs -ensure protocols and polices are followed precisely
44
how does contrast circulate one in the blood?
heart- arteries- capillaries- veins
45
oral, rectal, tube contrast administration
procedures in which you would see oral administration: esophagus, UGI and small bowel -procedures in rectal: barium enema -procedures in tube/catheter: fistuagram, loopogram and T-tube cholangiogram
46
intrathecal contrast administration
myelograms, CT, MRI injection into the subarachnoid space
47
Analgesics
-relieve pain without causing loss of consciousness -2 groups: opioids and nonopioids -opioids: narcotic that treats moderate to severe pain; morphine and oxycodone -nonopioids: treat mild to moderate pain; Tylenol
48
anesthetics
-reversibly depress neuronal functions, producing loss of ability to perceive pain and/or other sensations -two types: general and local -general: produce muscle relaxations and loss of consciousness; diprovan or ultane -local: blow nerve conduction from an area of the body to the centra; nervous system; novocain
49
antianxiety or anxiolytics
treatment of anxiety; act on the central nervous system to calm/ relax anxiousness -benzodiazepines: xanax, valium, ativan, versed
50
anticholinergics
-reduce smooth muscle tone, motility of the GI tract, and secretions from respiratory tract and secretory glands -oxybutinin: treatment for overactive bladder -atripine: used preoperatively to inhibit the secretions that can be stimulated by genera anesthetics to prevent bradycardia
51
antiarrythmics
treat variations from norma rhythm of the heart -depends on type of arrthymia
52
anticonvulsants (antiepliptic)
used to prevent or control the occurrence of seizures -does not treat the cause of seizures -some types are available as oral or parenteral
53
antidiabetic
insulin: only treatment used for type 1 or type 2 -type 2 sometimes uses micronase, invokana, etc -complication: hypoglycemia reactions -temporarily discontinue metformin
54
anticoagulants
inhibit clotting of the blood -prevent/treat thromboembolic disorders -patients will receive anticoagulants undergoing IR procedures
55
coagulants
control hemorrhage or speed up coagulation oral and Iv: phytonadione
56
antidepressants
treatment of depression, panic disorder, OCD and depressive state of bipolar disorder ex. prozac, zoloft -treatment for 6-12 weeks drug interactions can occur if receiving drugs in combination with anti depressants
57
antiviral
-does not destroy their target pathogen; instead they inhibit its developments -treats: herpes, chicken pox, flu, etc
58
antiemetic
prevent/treat nausea and vomiting most effective in prevention versus after the symptoms have started -reduces motion sickness
59
antihistamine
treat acute/ chronic allergic disorders -treat symptoms; upper respiratory infections and common cold -sedating; such as benadryl -non sedating; claritin or allegra
60
antihypertensives
treat high blood pressure -hypertension caused by many factors = many different drugs use as treatment -commonly used in combination with other drugs
61
antibacterial
used to destroy or inhibit growth of microorganisms -antibiotics: broad spectrum is effective against large # of microorganisms -narrow spectrum: effective against a smaller #of microorganisms
62
antiseptics
destroy microorganisms on living tissue ( skin)
63
disinfectants
substances that are applied to non living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects
64
anti-inflammatory
effective and widely used for mild/moderate pain -NSAIDS- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs
65
corticosteroids
-used to reduce symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders or short term treatment of acute inflammatory conditions
66
bronchodilators
treat asthma and COPD; relax bronchial muscles and dilate respiratory passages -albuterol or oral
67
antidiarrheal
helps to relieve diarrhea by slowing down the movement of the bowel -may not be taken with certain medical conditions or certain medications -usually 2 day use maximum
68
cathartics
helps to empty and stimulate intestinal motility -not to be used for extended periods of time and nay interact with other drugs causing improper absorption of that drugs
69
laxatives
act to promote the passaing and elimination of feces from the large intestines -frequently used in radiology to prep patients for GI procedures -miralax: powder to mix in cold or hot beverages- stimulates bowl movement
70
diuretics
increase the amount of urine excreted by the kidneys -aids in treatment of edema -used in conjuction often times with treatment of high blood pressure -water pill; trys to get rid of extra water
71
sedatives
depress the central nervous sytem; effect ranges from mild sedation to inducing sleep -treats anxiety related to painful or anxiety provking procedures
72
vasodilators
causes blood vessels to dilates and useful in treating vascular diseases -IV, Oral, topically -nitroprusside
73
vasoconstrictors
cause blood vessels to construct- increasing heart action and raising blood pressure -can treat show symptoms (epi pen)
74
hormones
affect the endocrine system -useful in replacement therapy (synthroid)
75
antiseptics
kill microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi using chemicals called biocides -disinfectants are used to kill germs on noliving surfaces -antispetics kill microorganisms on your skin

Medical Imaging (14 decks)

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