mi 120 unit 1

Question 1

radiation protection safeguards who from unnecessary exposures from ionizing radiation

Answer 1

patients, personal and general public

Question 2

ionizing radiation is..

Answer 2

positive and negative charged particles as it passes through matter
ex. x-ray

Question 3

unnecessary exposure doesn’t benefit who

Answer 3

diagnostic information and enhancing the quality of the study

Question 4

how to minimize exposures with proper techniques

Answer 4

technique books and proper measuring tools

Question 5

how to minimize exposures with procedural factors

Answer 5

immobilizations, proper image receptors and positions around the patients limitation

Question 6

human determinate examples

Answer 6

pathological condition, body habitus and movement

Question 7

environmental determinate examples

Answer 7

humidity with film

Question 8

good voluntary risk imagining for

Answer 8

screening purposes (mammo)
injury
illness

Question 9

diagnosis efficacy

Answer 9

produces the basis for the justification of procedures
-reveals the presence or absence of the disease while following radiation safety guidelines

Question 10

responsibilities of technologist

Answer 10

standards of practice and ASRT Code of ethics #5 & #7
technique- using the lowest or smallest amount of exposure to produce good images

Question 11

proper shielding reduces exposures..

Answer 11

50% in females and 90-95% in males

Question 12

ALARA

Answer 12

has similar definition to ORP

Question 13

radiation induced cancers are

Answer 13

without a threshold (linear, non-threshold)
-any amount of radiation is not safe (linear) the more you git, the worse it gets

Question 14

BERT

Answer 14

background equivalent radiation time
compares amount of radiation received during a specific procedure to the amount of natural background radiation over a certain period of time

Question 15

radiographic dose documentation

Answer 15

dictating dose exposure and/ or fluro time into radiology reports

Question 16

radiation

Answer 16

the emission of energy in the form of electromagnetic way or as moving subatomic particle passing through space from one location to another

Question 17

types of radiation

Answer 17

mechanical vibration (ultrasound)
electromagnetic waves (x-ray)

Question 18

electromagnetic spectrum

Answer 18

frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic waves

Question 19

left side of spectrum

Answer 19

higher energy, higher frquency, shorter waves (x-ray)

Question 20

right side of spectrum

Answer 20

non ionizing with lower energy
lower frequency
longer wavelength (micorwave)

Question 21

middle of spectrum

Answer 21

visible light

Question 22

examples of ionizing radiation

Answer 22

x-rays, gamma rays, UV waves (greater then 10 ev)

Question 23

examples of non ionizing radiation

Answer 23

UV (less then 10 ev), visible light, infrared rays and microwaves

Question 24

particulate radiation

Answer 24

ionzing radiation that has high speeds

Question 25

terrestrial depends on

Answer 25

the composition of the soil and rocks ex. uranium 50% of the source of radiation

Question 26

radon

Answer 26

highest contributor of natural background radiation colorless, odorless, radioactive gas present in the air

Question 27

higher levels in soil that contains radon is

Answer 27

granite, shale, phosphate and pitchblend

Question 28

radon is present in

Answer 28

building materials like bricks, concrete and gypsum wallboard

Question 29

radon is the way leading cause in what

Answer 29

2nd; lung cancer

Question 30

how many deaths in the US in a year from radon and lung caner

Answer 30

20,000

Question 31

EPA recommendations

Answer 31

homes to have annually levels no greater than 4 pico curies per liter (4pCi/2)

Question 32

what is cosmic radiation

Answer 32

interations with the sun or solar system greatest intensity occurs at high altitudes lower intensity at sea level

Question 33

internal radioactive atoms that are...

Answer 33

made up of small percentages of the body tissue -ingested -inhaled

Question 34

human made radiation

Answer 34

50% of radiation found in consumer produce examples such as Tv's, airport, smoke detectors, air travel etc

Question 35

TMI (1979)

Answer 35

Three Mile Island Unit nuclear plant accident

Question 36

Chernobly (1986)

Answer 36

thyroid cancer in adolescents and children increase in breast cancer lukemia

Question 37

Fukushima (2011)

Answer 37

tsunami

Question 38

type of medical radiation

Answer 38

diagnostic machines radioisotopes

Question 39

who discovered x rays and when was it discovered?

Answer 39

Wilhelm Roetgen on 11-8-1895

Question 40

Who performed the first clinical xray, when and what was it?

Answer 40

Dr. Gilman Frost, february 1896 and it was a boys wrist

Question 41

who was the first radiation death and when

Answer 41

Clarence Madison Dally, 1904

Question 42

what did edison invent?

Answer 42

fluroscope

Question 43

what year was the first cancer from exposure to a physician?

Answer 43

1910

Question 44

what is radiodermatitis?

Answer 44

reddening of the skin from radiation exposure -radiologist and dentist

Question 45

aplastic enema

Answer 45

blood disorder

Question 46

lukemia

Answer 46

abnormal overpopulation of WBC

Question 47

what was established in 1921

Answer 47

british xray and radium protection committee

Question 48

what is ICRU?

Answer 48

international commission or radiation units and measurements (established between the 1900-1930s)

Question 49

what was Roentgen used and accepted for

Answer 49

a dose unit

Question 50

REM was replaced with what?

Answer 50

SIEVERT

Question 51

ICRP revised values of tissue radiosensitivity weighing factors from studies of

Answer 51

atomic bomb survivors

Question 52

effective dose (EfD) was adopted and measured in what

Answer 52

sievert

Question 53

what is somatic effect?

Answer 53

effect seen in the individual who received the exposure

Question 54

short term effects of somatic effect

Answer 54

erythema, decrease in blood cells, CNS fatigue, disruption of GI

Question 55

long term effects of somatic effect

Answer 55

cancer, cataracts, shortening of life span, embryonic effects in 1st trimester

Question 56

what is genetic effect?

Answer 56

damage to the cells genetic code or DNA molecule

Question 57

when are genetic effects seen and received?

Answer 57

seen in offspring of exposed individual and received pre-conception from exposure in fetus from eggs or sperm

Question 58

exposure is used to measure what

Answer 58

radiation exposure or intensity to specific area

Question 59

exposure applies only with what

Answer 59

xray and gamma

Question 60

exposure is measure in what

Answer 60

C/kg or coulomb/kilogram

Question 61

what is air kerma?

Answer 61

Si unit that can be used to describe radiation that is transferred to a point (skin surface) and used in fluro

Question 62

what is air kerma measured in?

Answer 62

gray (Gy)

Question 63

entrance to skin air kerma (ESAK)

Answer 63

dose index that is obtained from the center of the xray beam using a calibrated electric dose meter

Question 64

in absorbed dose, higher atomic number = ?

Answer 64

higher absorbed dose

Question 65

what is absorbed dose measured in

Answer 65

gray (Gy)

Question 66

what is dose equivalent?

Answer 66

average dose in human tissue by different types of radiation that measures biological harm

Question 67

what is dose equivalent measured in ?

Answer 67

sievert (sv)

Question 68

dose equivalent measures what

Answer 68

the quantity of radiation received by radiation workers

Question 69

what is the conversion for sievert?

Answer 69

1 sievert = 1000 millisievert

Question 70

radiation weighing factor

Answer 70

dimensionless factor that was chosen for radiation protection purposes to account for differences in biologic impact among various types of ionizing radiations

Question 71

what is radioactivity used to measure and what is it measured in?

Answer 71

-quantity of radioactivity -becquerel (Bq) -traditional was curie (ci)

Question 72

what is the radioactivity conversion?

Answer 72

1 ci= 3.7 x 10^10 Bq

Question 73

effective dose

Answer 73

measures an overall risk of exposure to humans from ionizing radiation (measured in sievert)

Question 74

EX CAGES

Answer 74

-exposure -coulomb/kilogram -absorbed dose -gray -equivalent dose -sievert

Question 75

DAP (dose area product)

Answer 75

measures the amount of radiant energy that has been delivered into a portion of the patient's body surface

Question 76

collective effective dose (ColEfD)

Answer 76

cumulative dose to a population or group exposed to a given radiation source or group of sources

Question 77

what is ColEfD measured in and what is an example

Answer 77

person-sievert 200 people receive 0.25 sievert

Question 78

average effective dose

Answer 78

dose to an individual in a group exposed to a specific source

Question 79

effective dose per individual in US (EUS)

Answer 79

dose per individual in the uS, whether you were exposed to a source or not