Microbiology

Question 1

What is microbiology

Answer 1

Study of small forms of life

Question 2

Who discovered bacteria
(“Plaque”)

Answer 2

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

Recognized existence of tiny living particles that cause catching diseases

Answer 3

Girolamo Fracastoro

Question 4

Concept of immunizations
Cowpox / small pox

Answer 4

Edward Jenner

Question 5

Father of immunology

Answer 5

Louis Pasteur

Question 6

John Tyndall

Answer 6

Tyndallization
Need for heat to destroy bacteria

Question 7

Airborne MO’s
Phenols/carbolic acid

Answer 7

Joseph lister

Question 8

Handwashing importance

Answer 8

Ignaz philipp Semmelweis

Question 9

Can live and multiply only inside a host

Answer 9

Virus

Question 10

Barge group of one celled mos

Answer 10

Bacteria

Question 11

Range from single celled to multi
Seaweed kelp
Most do not produce disease

Answer 11

Algae

Question 12

Primitive cells, no internal membrane and no nucleus

Answer 12

Prokaryote

Question 13

Example of prokaryote

Answer 13

Bacteria

Question 14

Complex cells with internal membrane and have nucleus

Answer 14

Eukaryotes

Question 15

Examples of eukaryotes

Answer 15

Protozoa fungi algae

Question 16

MO that is not prokaryote or eukaryote

Answer 16

Virus

Question 17

Hair like projections with fine short appendages that allow bacteria to adhere

Answer 17

Fimbriae/pili

Question 18

Mesosomes are mostly present in

Answer 18

Gram positive bacteria

Question 19

What protects from drying and is a gelatinous covering produced by the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotic cells

Answer 19

Capsule

Question 20

Granules in prokaryotes are considered

Answer 20

Energy reserves

Question 21

Plasmids in prokaryotes are

Answer 21

Extra chromosomal dna
Resistant to physical and chemical agents

Question 22

Vacuoles in eukaryotic cell gather

Answer 22

Food

Question 23

Vesicles in eukaryotic cells surround

Answer 23

Proteins

Question 24

Gram positive is what colour
Cell walls are?

Answer 24

Blue/ purple
Thick cell walls

Question 25

Gram negative colour? Cell walls?

Answer 25

Pink/red Thin cell walls

Question 26

Binary fission

Answer 26

Each cell divides into two daughter cells

Question 27

5 growth requirements of bacteria

Answer 27

Temperature Acidity Nutrients Oxygen metabolism Water

Question 28

Bactericidal agents

Answer 28

Kill bacteria

Question 29

Bacteriostatic agents

Answer 29

Inhibits growth but do not kill

Question 30

Sequence of viral replication

Answer 30

Attachment/absorption Penetration Uncoating Replication Assembly Release

Question 31

4 transmission routes of viruses

Answer 31

Contaminated water Insects Droplet Direct

Question 32

Opportunistic pathogens

Answer 32

Cause disease when host defenses are compromised

Question 33

Endogenous diseases

Answer 33

Caused by mos inside/on the body

Question 34

Exogenous diseases

Answer 34

Caused by mos not normally found in or on the body

Question 35

Toxigenic disease describes an exogenous disease without entering and multiplying in body. And example of this

Answer 35

Food poisoning

Question 36

Bacteriophage

Answer 36

Viruses that infect bacteria

Question 37

Prion

Answer 37

Poisonous proteins (Not MOs and are always fatal)

Question 38

4 modes of disease transmission

Answer 38

Direct Indirect Droplet Airborne

Question 39

Routes of entry to the body

Answer 39

Inhalation Ingestion Mucous membrane Breaks in skin

Question 40

Preserving microbes from a substance by removing the water rapidly freezing sample then drying it with a vacuum pump at very low temp

Answer 40

Lyophilization

Question 41

3 types of sterilization

Answer 41

Gas Heat Liquid

Question 42

Ethylene oxide, long exposure times (High cost and not common)

Answer 42

Gas sterilization

Question 43

Factors influencing microbial growth

Answer 43

Temp Ph Atmospheric pressure Salinity Osmotic pressure Hydrostatic pressure Radiation

Question 44

Thermophiles

Answer 44

Heat loving

Question 45

Mesophiles

Answer 45

Body temp is ideal Caries, perio disease

Question 46

Psychrophiles

Answer 46

Cold loving bacteria

Question 47

Obligate aerobes

Answer 47

Grown in presence of oxygen (20%)

Question 48

Obligate anerobes

Answer 48

Grow in absence of oxygen

Question 49

Acidogenic bacteria

Answer 49

Bacteria produces acid during growth

Question 50

Aciduric bacteria

Answer 50

Bacteria that survive and grow in acidic environments

Question 51

Moderate halophile

Answer 51

Marine bacteria (loves salt)

Question 52

Osmotic pressure

Answer 52

Pressure created by water moving across a selectively permeable membrane due to osmosis

Question 53

Osmotolerant

Answer 53

Mos can grow at high level salt concentrations

Question 54

Sacchrophiles

Answer 54

High sugar concentration as osmotic regulator rather than salt (Yeast/mold)

Question 55

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 55

Pressure exerted by a fluid

Question 56

What is antimicrobial

Answer 56

Term used to designate all categories of drugs used to treat infections

Question 57

How do antimicrobials work

Answer 57

Inhibit growth and replication of microbes (damage host cell)

Question 58

CDC Guidelines for what

Answer 58

Centre for disease control For infection control in dental settings

Question 59

Intermediate level disinfectant

Answer 59

Destroys bacteria fungi and most viruses

Question 60

Low level disinfectant

Answer 60

Destroys some bacteria fungi and viruses

Question 61

High level disinfectant

Answer 61

Destroys all mos but not spores

Question 62

Endospores

Answer 62

Most resistant form of life

Question 63

Another term for virus

Answer 63

Obligate intracellular parasites

Question 64

Transient flora

Answer 64

Source of disease

Question 65

Microaerophiles

Answer 65

Can tolerate low level conc of oxygen (4%)

Question 66

Faculative anerobes

Answer 66

Can live with or without oxygen

Question 67

Who discovered endospores

Answer 67

Ferdinand Cohn

Question 68

Discovered penicillin

Answer 68

Sir Alexander Fleming

Question 69

Outer membrane of gram negative bacteria contains

Answer 69

Endotoxin (transports nutrients)

Question 70

Sterilant kills

Answer 70

All mos including spores

Question 71

Resident flora is always

Answer 71

On skin Mos colonize and become permanent

Question 72

Transient flora

Answer 72

Contaminates Can be removed by washing

Question 73

3 reactions to gloves

Answer 73

Irritant contact Allergic contact Latex allergy

Question 74

Irritant contact dermatitis

Answer 74

Non-immunologic irritation. Dry itchy hands

Question 75

Allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 75

Type IV Delayed hypersensitivity (24-48hrs)

Question 76

Bacterial flora

Answer 76

Normally resides in on body without causing harm but with disease potential