Perio W12

Question 1

Disclosing agents are used to make

Answer 1

Oral biofilm clinically visible

Question 2

When should disclosing agents be applied

Answer 2

After oral and periodontal assessment

Question 3

Oral biofilm is classified by

Answer 3

Location
Amount
Extent

Question 4

Location of oral biofilm can be

Answer 4

Supragingival
Sub gingival

Question 5

Contributing factors affect oral biofilm retention and removal. Examples?

Answer 5

Faulty restorations
Tight lingual frenum
Malocclusions
Missing teeth
Mouth breathing
Rough surfaces

Question 6

Primary purpose of immune system

Answer 6

Defense
Protects against bacteria viruses fungi toxins

Question 7

Innate immune system

Answer 7

Present at birth
Not antigen specific

Question 8

Does the innate immune system improve with repeated exposure to infectious agents

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Adaptive immune system

Answer 9

Develops throughout life
Antigen specific

Question 10

The way an individuals body responds to the infection is known as

Answer 10

Host response

Question 11

The body responds to infection by sending certain cells to the infection site producing

Answer 11

Biochemical substances to counteract the foreign invaders

Question 12

Loss of immune function is

Answer 12

Deadly to the body

Question 13

The immune system can become so intense in its response that it begins to

Answer 13

Harm the body that it is trying to protect

Question 14

Components of the immune system that play an important role in combating periodontal disease

Answer 14

Cellular defenders (phagocytes, lymphocytes)
The complement system

Question 15

Leukocytes act like an independent single cell organisms; can move through

Answer 15

Tissues and capture micro organisms on their own

Question 16

2 types of leukocytes that are important in periodontal disease are

Answer 16

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNs)
Monocytes/macrophages

Question 17

Phagocytosis is the process by which

Answer 17

Leukocytes engulf and digest MOs

Question 18

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are also known as neutrophils
They are rapid responders and provide the

Answer 18

First line of defense
(Short lived cells; die when they become engorged with bacteria)

Question 19

PMNs are attracted to bacteria by a process called

Answer 19

Chemotaxis

Question 20

PMNs contains many strong Bactericidal and digestive enzymes called

Answer 20

Lysosomes

Question 21

Periodontal pathogens are most effectively destroyed by

Answer 21

PMNs

Question 22

Called what when in the bloodstream

Answer 22

Monocytes

Question 23

Called what when in the tissues

Answer 23

Macrophages

Question 24

Monocytes and macrophages are long lived cells seen in

Answer 24

Chronic inflammation
(Slower to arrive at the infection site than PMNs)

Question 25

Lymphocytes are small leukocytes that defend the body and 2 main types are

Answer 25

B lymphocytes (B cells) T lymphocytes (T cells)

Question 26

Once activated B cells make millions of ____ and pours them into the ____

Answer 26

Antibodies Bloodstream

Question 27

B cells can differentiate into 2 types of B cells

Answer 27

Plasma B cells Memory B cells

Question 28

Antibodies are what shaped proteins

Answer 28

Y shaped proteins

Question 29

One end of the Y of the antibody binds to the outside of the _____ the other end binds to the____

Answer 29

B cell Microorganism and helps to kill it

Question 30

Antibodies are known collectively as

Answer 30

Immunoglobulins

Question 31

5 Major classes of immunoglobulins (My dad got an exorcism)

Answer 31

Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin D Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin A Immunoglobulin E

Question 32

T lymphocytes (T cells) main function is to

Answer 32

Intensify the response of other immune cells to the bacterial invasion

Question 33

T cells produce substances called ___ that further stimulate what

Answer 33

Cytokines Immune response

Question 34

Cytokine is a general name for any protein that is secreted by ___ and affects

Answer 34

Cells and affects the behaviour of nearby cells

Question 35

Complement system is a complex series of proteins circulating in the blood that works to do what

Answer 35

Facilitate phagocytosis of bacteria Kill bacteria directly by forming pores in bacterial cell membranes

Question 36

Function of complement system (4)

Answer 36

Destruction of pathogens Opsonization of pathogens Recruitment of phagocytes Immune clearance

Question 37

Components of complement system can destroy certain MO’s directly by forming

Answer 37

pores in their cell membranes

Question 38

For the task of forming pores the complement system creates a protein called ____ This protein can do what?

Answer 38

Membrane attack complex Can puncture cell membranes of certain bacteria (lysis)

Question 39

What is the most important action of the complement system

Answer 39

Opsonization

Question 40

What is the process of opsonization

Answer 40

Complement system facilitates the capture and destruction of bacteria by phagocytes

Question 41

To fight infection leukocytes travel through

Answer 41

The bloodstream

Question 42

Explain trans-endothelial migration

Answer 42

Near infection site leukocytes push between endothelial cells (extravasation) and enter connective tissue

Question 43

What is chemotaxis; Process by which leukocytes

Answer 43

enter connective tissue Attracted to site of infection in response to biochemical compounds released by the invading bacteria

Question 44

Chemokines are a subgroup of cytokines that cause additional immune cells to be attracted to

Answer 44

The site of infection or injury

Question 45

2 stages of inflammation

Answer 45

Acute Chronic

Question 46

Acute inflammation duration?

Answer 46

Short term; normal process that protects and heals the body

Question 47

The acute inflammation process is achieved by the increased movement of ___ and ____ from the ___ into the ___

Answer 47

Plasma; leukocytes; blood; into the injured tissues

Question 48

5 classic signs of acute inflammation

Answer 48

Heat Redness Swelling Pain Loss of function

Question 49

If the acute inflammatory responses are not effective in controlling the invading MO’s

Answer 49

The inflammatory response becomes chronic

Question 50

Chronic inflammation is a long lived, out of control response that continues for more than

Answer 50

A few weeks

Question 51

Chronic inflammation is a ____ condition that can destroy healthy tissue and cause more

Answer 51

Pathological condition Damage than original orobkem

Question 52

Are the classic warning signs of acute inflammation present in chronic inflammation

Answer 52

No; usually absent

Question 53

Chronic inflammation occurs because the body is unable to

Answer 53

Rid itself of invading organism

Question 54

What is the hallmark of chronic inflammation

Answer 54

Tissue damage

Question 55

Chronic inflammation is characterized by an accumulation of

Answer 55

Macrophages

Question 56

Examples of chronic inflammation

Answer 56

Rheumatoid arthritis Diabetes Asthma Gingivitis Periodontitis

Question 57

Songs and symptoms of chronic inflammation may partially or completely disappear during a period of

Answer 57

Remission

Question 58

Songs and symptoms may recur in all of their severity in a active period of disease known as

Answer 58

Exacerbation

Question 59

Chemical mediators are biologically active compounds secreted by cells that activate

Answer 59

The body’s inflammatory response (TNF-alpha, Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8)