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Hygiene Sem 1 > Orofacial Final > Flashcards

Orofacial Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 tooth tissues?
Which are hard and which are soft tissues

A

Enamel dentin cementum and pulp
Pulp is the only soft tissue of the 4

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2
Q

Enamel percentage makeup

A

96% inorganic matter
4% organic + water

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3
Q

Hardest tissue in human body

A

Enamel

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4
Q

Forms the main portion or body of the tooth and is underneath enamel and cementum

A

Dentin

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5
Q

Dentin is ___ in colour and ___ in nature

A

Yellow in colour and elastic in nature

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6
Q

Dentin percentage makeup

A

70% inorganic, 30% organic + water

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7
Q

There is _____ dentin (adds to itself) and _____ dentin laid down in response to trauma

A

Secondary; tertiary

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8
Q

Cementum percentage makeup

A

45% inorganic. 55% organic

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9
Q

Main function of cementum and characteristics

A

Main function is to allow attachment of tooth to alveolar bone.
- protects and supports tooth
- bone like substance that covers the root

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of cementum

A

Cellular
Acellular

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11
Q

Cellular cementum is found where?
What can it do?

A

Apical one third of root
It can reproduce itself

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12
Q

Acellular cementum covers most of the

A

Anatomic root

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13
Q

Cells that produce cementum are called

A

Cementoblasts

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14
Q

Nutrition for cementum is derived from

A

Outside of the tooth (through blood vessels that come directly from the bone)

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15
Q

Nourishing, sensory, dentin-reparative system of the tooth.
Composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels, CT, nerve tissue and special dentin forming cells

A

Pulp

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16
Q

Dentin forming cells are called

A

Odontoblasts

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17
Q

A tooth least likely to have proximal root concavities

A

Maxillary central incisor

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18
Q

Incisors are designed to?

A

Cut

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19
Q

Lingual surface of incisors are shovel shaped to

A

Guide food into mouth

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20
Q

Canines are designed to

A

Hold or grasp food

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21
Q

Length and thickness of canine protects the ____ during _____

A

Jaw joint during side jaw movements

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22
Q

Longest tooth in human dentition

A

Canine

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23
Q

Premolars are designed to

A

Hold and grind food

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24
Q

Molars are designed to

A

Chew or grind foods

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25
Q

A point angle is a point at which

A

3 surfaces meet

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26
Q

The crowns of teeth form from growth centres called

A

Lobes

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27
Q

Lobes grow and fuse together but a line remains on the erupted tooth where fusion too place and are called

A

Developmental grooves

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28
Q

How many lobes do incisors have

A

3 facial and 1 lingual

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29
Q

How many lobes do canines have

A

3 facial 1 lingual

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30
Q

Premolars have how many lobes

A

3 facial and 1 lingual

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31
Q

Maxillary 1st molars have how many lobes

A

2 facial and 3 lingual

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32
Q

Mandibular first molars have how many lobes

A

3 facial and 2 lingual

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33
Q

2nd molars have how many lobes

A

2 facial and 2 lingual

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34
Q

What is a fossa

A

A shallow depression or concavity

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35
Q

What is a lingual lobe of an anterior tooth characterized by excess enamel

A

Cingulum

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36
Q

The main ridges on each cusp that run from the tip of the cusp to the central part of the occlusal surface

A

Triangular ridges

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37
Q

The union of 2 triangular ridges (buccal and a lingual) that cross the occlusal surface

A

Transverse ridge

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38
Q

What are the 3 major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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39
Q

All salivary glands should be ____ during IOEO. Any enlargements should be ____

A

Palpated
Noted and investigated

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40
Q

What is the largest salivary gland that produces 25% of saliva

A

Parotid

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41
Q

Parotid gland is located on the ?
Where does it open into the oral cavity

A

Surface of the masseter muscle
Opens into the oral cavity opposite that maxillary 2nd molars

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42
Q

The parotid gland is what kind of gland

A

Serous

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43
Q

Produces 60-65% of saliva and is a mixed gland- serous and mucous cells

A

Submandibular gland

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44
Q

Where is the submandibular gland located and where does it open?

A

Located below body of the mandible and wraps around the neck.
Duct opens in sublingual caruncle at the base of lingual frenum

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45
Q

Smallest of the 3 pairs of glands; produces 10% of saliva

A

Sublingual gland

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46
Q

Sublingual gland secretions

A

Mostly mucous cells with some serous cells

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47
Q

Where is the sublingual gland located and where does it open

A

Anterior floor of mouth
Opens in submandibular duct in sublingual fold

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48
Q

What 4 types of papillae does the tongue contain

A

Circumvallate
Fungiform
Filiform
Foliate

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49
Q

Foliate papillae is found where

A

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue and in lateral (side) surfaces

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50
Q

Area where oral cancer can begin?

A

Foliate papillae

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51
Q

Each tooth begins to develop from ___ or more growth centres

A

4

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52
Q

The lobes grow and develop within their bony crypt until they

A

Fuse

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53
Q

The fusion of lobes is called

A

Coalescence

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54
Q

Eruption rules

A

Mandibular precede maxillary
Teeth in both jaws erupt in pairs
Permanent teeth erupt slightly earlier in girls than boys

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55
Q

Premature loss of deciduous teeth may cause

A

Abnormal jaw growth and development

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56
Q

Deciduous dental arch helps guide

A

1st permanent molars into position

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57
Q

What is the phenomenon of mesial drift

A

Tendency of the permanent molars to have eruptive force toward the midline

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58
Q

The process by which the roots of a baby tooth are resorted and dissolved until so little root remains that the baby tooth falls out

A

Exfoliation

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59
Q

Describe resorption

A

As the permanent tooth erupts, osteoclastic cells destroy the root of the deciduous tooth

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60
Q

Bone destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

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61
Q

Eruptive forces do not cease after the eruption of the 3rd molars. Eruption continues because of

A

Attrition

62
Q

What is attrition

A

Wearing away of the tooth through contact of its functioning surfaces

63
Q

As the teeth erupt and meet their opposing tooth, they form what is known as the

A

Occlusal plane

64
Q

The curved alignment of the occlusal plane is called the

A

Curve of spee

65
Q

What is a proximal contact area

A

Refers to mesial and distal areas of the teeth at the widest portion and the greatest curvature where surfaces touch one another

66
Q

2 adjacent teeth share the same

A

Proximal bone

67
Q

(4) What does a contact area do?

A
  1. Prevents food impaction and bacteria invasion
  2. Protects underlying gum tissue
  3. Provides support and anchorage for teeth
  4. Helps resist displacement from trauma
68
Q

What is a contact point

A

Where the occlusal cusp/incisal edge of the tooth touches the occlusal/incisal portion of another tooth in opposing arch

69
Q

Interproximal space is also called

A

Interdental space

70
Q

Triangular shaped spaces between teeth. The ____ forms the apex of the triangle and the ____ forms the base of the triangle and what forms the sides

A

Contact area forms the apex of the triangle. Alveolar bone forms the base of the triangle. The sides are formed by proximal surfaces

71
Q

Spaces are normally filled with gingival tissue called

A

Papillary gingiva or interdental papilla

72
Q

Papillae prevents

A

Food and debris collection

73
Q

Food and debris collection increases if there is

A

Increased bone loss

74
Q

What is a cervical embrasure

A

Gingival recession takes place between the teeth. A void that exists cervically to the contact area

75
Q

Buccolingually (occlusal view)- lingual embrasures are ____ than facial embrasures in posteriors

A

Wider
reason b/c teeth are narrower on lingual side

76
Q

3 possible primary occlusions

A

Mesial step
Distal step
Flush terminal plane

77
Q

Describe mesial step

A

Mandibular molars are situated more medically than their maxillary counterparts
** majority of children have mesial step**

78
Q

Describe distal step

A

Mandibular molars are more posterior than maxillary molars

79
Q

Describe primate spaces

A

Large spaces found mesial to the max primary canines and distal to mandibular canines

80
Q

Describe overjet

A

The amount (in mm) of facial horizontal overlap of maxillary teeth
(Flared look)

81
Q

Describe overbite

A

Amount of vertical overlap measured in mm or %
(Greater the overbite the less amount of mand teeth you will be able to see)

82
Q

What is a ridge

A

Elevated portion that runs in a line

83
Q

All cusps have how many ridges?
What are they?

A

4 ridges; buccal lingual mesial distal

84
Q

Rounded borders of enamel that form the mesial and distal shoulders of the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth and the mesial and distal shoulders of the lingual surface on anterior teeth

A

Marginal ridges

85
Q

What makes up the bulk of the cervical third of the lingual surface of the anterior tooth

A

Cingulum

86
Q

Primary dentition refers to

A

20 deciduous teeth

87
Q

Secondary/permanent dentition refers to

A

32 permanent teeth

88
Q

What is the soft tissue that develops into a tooth

A

Tooth germ or tooth bud

89
Q

When do tooth buds begin to grow within the alveolar process of fetus

A

4-6th week of fetal life

90
Q

Crypt is a

A

Early tooth socket

91
Q

Both primary and secondary teeth develop from these tooth germs which later are located within

A

Cavities of the alveolar process called crypts

92
Q

Crowns of the anterior teeth shower greater curvature of the

A

Cervical line than do the posterior teeth

93
Q

The more anterior the greater

A

Curvature

94
Q

Mesial curvature is _____ than the distal curvature of the ____

A

Greater; same tooth

95
Q

_____ teeth are wider buccolingually

A

Posterior

96
Q

Periodontium is the supporting tissues around the teeth consisting of?

A

Free gingiva, attached gingiva, alveolar mucosa, cementum, PDL, and bone

97
Q

Class 1 occlusion

A

Normal relationship
Max 1st molar is slightly posterior to mand 1st molar

98
Q

Class II occlusion

A

Distoclusion
Buccal groove of mand 1st molar is posterior to mesiobuccal cusp of max 1st molar

99
Q

Class II Div 1

A

Class II molar relationship. Anteriors protrude (flared)

100
Q

Class II Div II

A

Molars class II relationship
Max centrals retrude and laterals flare

101
Q

Class III occlusion

A

Mesioclusion
B groove of mand 1st molar is more anterior to the MB cusp of max 1st molar
underbite

102
Q

Deviations of dental tissue origin and therefore are derived from the dental tissues

A

Dental anomalies

103
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Internal
Ex hereditary, metabolic dysfunction, mutations

104
Q

Extrinsic factor

A

External
Ex physical or chemical trauma, biologic agents, nutritional deficiencies, stress, habits, environmental conditions

105
Q

In many instances anomalies result from a combination of

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic factors

106
Q

Macrodontia

A

Teeth too large

107
Q

Microdontia

A

Teeth too small

108
Q

Hyperdontia

A

Multiple/ extra teeth
*also referred to as supernumerary

109
Q

Anodontia

A

Too few teeth

110
Q

What makes up the gingival unit

A

Free gingiva
Attached gingiva
Alveolar mucosa

111
Q

The attached gingiva extends from _____ to the ____

A

The base of the sulcus to the Mucogingival junction

112
Q

The bottom of the sulcus is influenced by the curvature of the

A

Cervical line of the tooth

113
Q

A healthy gingival sulcus does not exceed

A

3mm

114
Q

The attached gingiva is connected to the tooth by a mesh work of collagenous fibers (orange peel effect). These fibers formed by

A

Fibroblasts
(Principal cells of CT)

115
Q

All fibers embedded in the cementum are known as

A

Sharpeys fibers

116
Q

Thin covering of compact bone that surrounds the teeth, radiographically called lamina dura

A

Alveolar bone

117
Q

Traumatic forces are not a _____ force but _____

A

Constant force but intermittent

118
Q

5 periodontal ligament fibers

A

Alveolar crest group
Horizontal group
Oblique group
Apical group
Interradicular group

119
Q

A slight amount of mobility is

A

Healthy and normal

120
Q

If a tooth is not occluding with its antagonist tooth it begins to erupt within

A

24 hours

121
Q

What 2 things have a direct effect on anchorage and support of the tooth

A

Shape and length of root

122
Q

Root concavities and grooves allow for more surface area and for the

A

PDL to attach at different angles

123
Q

Roots with _____ cross sections offer resistance to lateral displacement

A

Triangular

124
Q

What kind of roots offer resistance to occlusal, apical and distal forces

A

Curved roots

125
Q

What are the longest and most stable teeth in the mouth

A

Canines

126
Q

Maxillary 1st premolar have buccal and lingual cusps. The buccal cusp is usually ____mm or more longer than lingual cusp

A

1mm

127
Q

How many roots do maxillary 1st premolars have

A

2 roots. One buccal one lingual

128
Q

Most maxillary 1st premolars have 2 roots and 2 pulp canals. Even when only one root is present ____ pulp canals can be found

A

2

129
Q

Maxillary 2nd premolar usually have how many roots

A

1
(Buccal and lingual cusps almost same length)

130
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar have a dominant facial cusp. This is the only part that

A

occludes with the maxillary teeth

131
Q

Mandibular 1st premolar develops from ___ lobes

A

4

132
Q

Lingual cusp of mandibular 1st premolar is much ____ than the lingual cusp of maxillary premolars

A

Smaller

133
Q

Lingual cusp of mandibular premolar is considered afunctional because

A

It does not occlude with any maxillary teeth

134
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar can have 3 cusp form or 2 cusp form. Describe them

A

3 cusp type has Y groove pattern (most dominant)
2 cusp type has U or H groove pattern
(H groove pattern more common)

135
Q

Fifth or supplementary cusp usually found on all maxillary 1st molars

A

Cusp of carabelli

136
Q

Describe the maxillary 1st molar
Crown? Which cusp is the largest? Which root is the largest?

A

Crown is broad mesiodistally and slightly wider buccolingually
Mesiolingual cusp is the largest
Mesial buccal root is largest (2 canals)

137
Q

Describe some general characteristics of the maxillary 2nd molar

A

Shorter & narrow than 1st max molar
More supplemental grooves and pits
Oblique ridge less prominent
No fifth lobe
Distolingual cusp less developed
Occlusal outline more heart shaped

138
Q

Mandibular first molar is the first permanent tooth to erupt (6 years). Of the 5 cusps there are 4 major and 1 minor. Describe them

A

2 major buccal cusps
2 major lingual cusps
1 minor buccal cusp

139
Q

What are the largest teeth in the mandibular arch

A

Mandibular first molar

140
Q

Mandibular first molars distal cusp is smaller in height, it is separated from distobuccal cusp by

A

Distobuccal groove

141
Q

Mandibular 2nd molars resemble mand 1st molars buccally and lingually except

A

There usually is no fifth distal cusp

142
Q

The widest mesiodistally of any of the anterior teeth, nearly straight incisal edge, mesiooncisal edge almost 90 degrees

A

Maxillary central incisors

143
Q

Maxillary lateral incisors vary in form; if variation is too great it’s considered a dental anomaly called

A

Peg laterals

144
Q

More likely to be congenitally missing

A

Maxillary lateral incisors

145
Q

When mandibular incisors erupt what can be seen on the incisal ridges

A

Mamelons

146
Q

The mesioincisal angle of mandibular central incisors is more than

A

90 degrees

147
Q

Mandibular lateral incisors appear to be rotated on their root axis because of the

A

Distal development lobe being larger and located more lingually than mesial lobe

148
Q

Leeway spaces are created when

A

Primary molars are maintained by permanent pre molars

149
Q

Primary molars are ____ mesiodistally than the premolars that replace them

A

Wider

150
Q

Pulp cavities of deciduous teeth; pulp cavities mirror outer form of teeth except pulp horns are

A

Longer and more pointed

Hygiene Sem 1 (22 decks)

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