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Microbiology GM Positive Flashcards

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1
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A

Gram Negative Coccobacilli

transmitted by respiratory droplets or tocuhes surfaces

filamentous hemaglutinin, pertactin, agglutinin: anchor it to the epithelial wall

Tracheal cytotoxin: paralyzes cilia in respiratory tract\

pertussis toxin: also anchors it to epithellial and increases lymphocytes (tcell) in blood but blocks it from leaving the blood

adenylate cyclase toxin: blocks phagocytes to get ot the area and kills them
Sx: violent cough

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2
Q

What bugs do not take well to gram stains

A

These microbes may lack real color

Treponema
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma, ureaplasma
Legionella
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
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3
Q

What bugs use giemsa stain

A

Certain bugs really try my patience

Chlamydia
Borellia
Rickettsia
Trypanosome
Plasmodium
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4
Q

What bugs use india ink stain

A

cryptococcus

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5
Q

what bugs use silver stain

A

fungi

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6
Q

What grows on a chocolate agar

A

H. influenza

S. pneumoniae

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7
Q

What gros on thayer-martin agar

A

Niesseria

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8
Q

What grows on a regan-lowe medium

A

b. pertussis

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9
Q

What grows on loffler medium or tellurite agar

A

C. dipertheria

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10
Q

What grows on lowenstein-jensen agar

A

M. tuberculosis

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11
Q

what grows on eaton agar

A

m pnuemoniae

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12
Q

What are the encapsulated bacteria

A

Please SHINE my SKis

Psudomonas
Streptocoocus pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influenza
Neiserria
E. coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
Strep group b
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13
Q

Urease-positive organisms

A

Pee CHUNKSS

proteus
crytococcus
H pylori
ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S,eouderudus'S, saprophyticus
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14
Q

Catalase positive organisms

A

CATs Need PLACESS to Belch their Hairballs

Nocardia,
Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
Ecoli
Staphyloccoci
Serratia
B cepacia
H pylori
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15
Q

What is protein A and what organism

A

Staph aureus

binds to Fc region of IgG to prvent opsonization of phagocytosis expressed by s. aureus

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16
Q

Which bugs have IgA protease

A

S. pneumoniae and H influenza

Neisseria also

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17
Q

M protein

A

helps prevent pagocytosis. expressed by group a step

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18
Q

What are the spore forming bacteria

A

Baccillus and clostridium

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19
Q

Which Gm has a thicker cell wall

what color does it stain?

A

Gram positive

stains purple

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20
Q

What gm has large amounts of peptidoglycan cell walls

what is peptidoglycan

A

a starch

Gm +

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21
Q

What gm has walls containg lipolysaccharides

A

Gm -

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22
Q

What gm has endotoxin

what is the pneumonic

A

Gm -

Edema
Nitric Oxide
DIC/Death
TNF-alpha
O-antigen
Xtremely heat stable
Il-1 Neutrophil chemotaxis
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23
Q

where do you find LPS

A

gram -

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24
Q

Where do you find teichoic acid

A

gm +

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25
What is catalase positive Staph or step
Staph
26
List the 3 mainGm + rod(baccili)
Clostridium Listeria Baccilis
27
What two specifics have partial hemolysis and are alpha hemolytic
S. pneumoniae S. viridans
28
What are the main differences in s. pneumoniae and S. viridians
S. pneumoniae is optochin sensitive, bile soluble and has a capsule S. viridians has no capsule, optochin resistant and is not bile soluble
29
What 2 bugs are clear hemolysis and beta hemolytic
s. pyogenes | s. agalactiae
30
What is the difference between S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae
S. pyogenes: group a strep, bacitracin sensitive S. Agalactiae: group b strep, bacitracin resistant
31
what two bacteria do not undergo any hemolysis
enterocoocus and peptostreptococcus
32
Staphylocci are Gm +/- what do they lack
Gm+ lack spores and flagella
33
What does coagulase do? What organism is coagulase positive
Coagulase enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Staph arueus has coagulase bound to cell surface and uses it to cover it’s surface with fibrin when in contact with blood. This may work to avoid phagocytosis. Can lead to abscess.
34
What are four virulence factors of S. aureus
- coagulase - protein A - beta hemolytic - toxic shock syndrome toxin=super antigen
35
what dz can staph aureus cause
- localized cutaneous infections - osteomyeltis, bacteremia, acute endocarditis - food posioning - scalded skin syndrome - toxic shock syndrome
36
is S epidermidis coagulase positive? what type of infections does it cause
NO! nosocomial and opportunitic infections Infects prosthetic devices and IV catheters
37
what is the only type of staph that is coagulase positive
staph aureus.
38
Does strep form catalase?
No it has a peroxidase system instead!
39
What are our beta hemolytic streptococci
S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae
40
What are the alpha hemolytic streptoccoci
S. pneumoniae and S. viridians
41
What diseases does S. Pyogenes cause is it alpha or beta hemolytic Group A or B
Group A beta-hemolytic strep - pharyngitis - cellulitis - impetigo - scarlet fever - toxic shock like syndrome - nectrotizing facitis - rhematic fever - acute glomerulonephrtits
42
What are the two main virulence factors of B-hemolytic S. pyogenes
- M protein: resists phagocytosis - hylaronic acid capsule: reduces immune response -Extracellular toxins: Streptolysins Pyrogenic toxins Superantigen
43
What are the 3 squellae of strep pyogenes
- scarlet fever - rheumatic fever - acute glomerulonephritis
44
Streptococcus agalactiae Group A/b? Beta/alpha hemolytic? where does it infect you
Group B beta hemolytic strep Resides in the vagina and ins transfered to infant during delivery Neonatal pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis
45
Strep viridans Beta or alpha hemolytic what disease does it cause what is its main virulence factor
Alpha hemolytic Causes dental caries and subacute endocarditis Optochin resistant
46
What shape is strep pnuemonia what diseases does it cause
Lancet-shapped pneumonia meningitis otitis media in kids sinusitis
47
What are the main virulance factors for S. pneumoniae
Large capsule Alpha hemolytic optochin sensitive
48
What culture requies blood or chocolate agar to grow
S. pneumoniae
49
What is our group D organisms are they sensitive or resistant to optochin
Enterococci and Strep. Bovis Optochin resistant
50
what disease do enteroccus cause
opportunistic urinary, biliary and subacute endocarditis
51
What disease do streptococcus bovis cause
cancer in the colon bovis in the blood
52
What grows on sheep blood agar
S. aureus
53
What are the two classes of gm+ bacilli list them
Spore Formers and Non-spore formers - bacillus - clostridium - listeria - cornybacterium
54
What are the aerobic spore forming gm+ bacilli
Bacillus - B. cerus - B. anthracis
55
What are the anaerobic spore forming gm+ bacilli
Clostridum - C. Botulinum - C. tetani - C. perfringenes - C. diff
56
What are the non spore formers
Listeria and Cornybacterium -L. monocytogenes C. diptheriae
57
What is the microscopic and colonial morphology of B. anthracis
- Bamboo appearance due to gm+ rods with square ends | - Medusa head or beaten egg head
58
What grows on blood agar
B. anthracis
59
What are the main virulence factors of B. anthracis
- polypeptide capsule | - potent exotoxin
60
What do you find when someone gets anthrax
Black, necrotic eschar woolsorter's disase (pulmonary anthrax)
61
Main factors of B. cereus
motile no capsule saprophyte
62
Which is penicillin resistent B. anthracis or B. cerus
B. cereus
63
How does tetanospasmidin work
via the tetanus toxin which binds to ganglioside receptors and blocks release of inhibitory mediators (GABA) at soinal synapses leading to hyper reflection and spastic paralysis
64
What bacteria causes spastic paralysis
Tetanospasmidin
65
what bacteria causes lock jaw(trismus)
teanospasmidin this is known as risus sardonicus
66
what is the pathogenesis of botulism
neurotoxins enter and bind to peripheral cholinergic nerve endings - inhibits release of acetylcholine - symmetrical descending paralysis occus beginning with cranial nerves and progressing downward
67
What causes descending paralysis
Botulism
68
What diesease does C. perfringens cause How is it identified
gas gangrene and food poisoning -Nagler Reactions
69
What toxins does C. perfringens create
- alpha toxin: (lecithinase)lyses RBC and causes tissue destruction - beta toxin - enterotoxin
70
C. diptheria
Gram positive bacilli that causes diptheria and is an opportunistic nfection
71
Is c. diptheria capsulated, is it motile
no no
72
sx of diptheria
fibrinous excudate (pseudomembrane), nasopharyngitis, enlargement of neck lymph nodes and neck edema. Irregularity of cardiac rhythm
73
Who is commonly affected by listeria how
Pregnant moms , newborn, weak immune system from unpasturized milk, cheese and deli meats
74
What is catalase and oxidase positive
listeria
75
What does listeria cause
meningitis and sepsis MC cause of neonatal minigitis
76
What bacteria has a lipid rich cell wall and is acid fast
Mycobacteirum
77
what bacteira casues a ghon complex
mycobacterim
78
What bug causes hansens disease
Mycobacterium leprae
79
What does leprosy do
entry through blood vessels inflammatory response demyelination
80
What are the two types of leprosy and what type of TH response do they create
Tuberculoid: TH-1 response producing interferony gamma Lepromatous leprosy: T cell failure and macrophage dysfunction and problems with interferon gamma TH2 ctokins and humoral response
81
what are gram negative short rods that cause meningitis
H. influenze

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